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Alexander Graham Bell (1847–1922) was a Scottish-born, American scientist most famous for inventing the telephone. As a young man, Alexander was fascinated by the science of sound and spent many years helping deaf people to speak. His experiments led to the creation of the first practical telephone, which changed the world’s communication forever. Find out more about this brilliant man and use our collection of printable resources below to test your knowledge. Fun Facts: Alexander did not have a middle name until his eleventh birthday. He wanted a middle name like his brothers, so his father gave him the name ‘Graham’ as a birthday present. Not everyone was convinced with Alexander’s invention. After watching a demonstration of the telephone, US President Rutherford B Hayes said ‘That’s an amazing invention, but who would ever want to use one of them?’ Alexander thought telephones were too distracting for his science work. He refused to have one in his study. Alexander Graham Bell Quotes “When one door closes another door opens; but we so often look so long and so regretfully upon the closed door, that we do not see the ones which open for us.” “Before anything else, preparation is the key to success.” “The day will come when the man at the telephone will be able to see the distant person to whom he is speaking.” A Short Biography of Alexander Graham Bell Alexander Graham Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1847, the middle of three brothers. His father and grandfather (also named Alexander) were both professors of elocution (the art of speaking clearly). Their work was used to teach deaf people how to speak. Alexander was educated at home at first, but then went to Edinburgh’s Royal High School. When he was about 12, his mother Eliza began to lose her hearing. Alexander became fascinated with sound, and desperately wanted to help his mother. He would tap on her arm with his own ‘finger language’ to help her understand conversations around her. He was also an excellent piano player and would regularly play for his mother. Alexander was a keen inventor from a young age. When he was 12, he built a wheat ‘dehusking’ machine for his neighbour’s family who had a flour mill. Then at 16, Alexander and his older brother Melville created a robotic head that could almost create the sounds of the human voice. On leaving school, Alexander studied acoustics (the science of sound) at the University of Edinburgh, and went on to teach elocution and music in Bath, Somerset. Tragedy struck the family in the late 1860s, however – by 1870, both Alexander’s brothers had died from a disease called tuberculosis. At the age of 23, Alexander, his parents, and his brother’s widow moved to Canada to start a new life there. A year later, Alexander took a job in Boston, USA, and became famous for his work helping deaf people to speak, particularly deaf-mute children. In 1872, he founded a school to train other teachers the techniques that his father had developed before him. Alexander’s work with the deaf led him to experiment with hearing devices, and the possibility of using electricity to transmit sounds. By 1875, he had invented a type of electric telegraph (messaging machine) that sent signals in the form of musical notes down a telegraph wire. He tried to improve his design and wondered if he could send the sounds of a human voice down the wire instead. With the help of his assistant Thomas Watson, this is exactly what he did – creating the first practical telephone. At the time, other scientists were working along similar lines, and Alexander had to rush to patent his invention. In 1876, three days after a patent was granted, Alexander spoke the first words down a telephone to his assistant – “Mr Watson – Come here – I want to see you.” Within a year, Alexander had formed the Bell Telephone Company, selling telephones to the public. Ten years later, more than 150,000 people in the US owned a telephone and Alexander had become a wealthy man. Alexander married Mabel Hubbard in 1877. Mabel had lost her hearing at the age of five after a severe bout of scarlet fever. She had been a pupil at one of Alexander’s schools for the deaf, and her father became the first president of the Bell Telephone Company. Alexander and Mabel had four children together, although two sons died in infancy. Alexander divided his time between Washington, D.C. and a house he had built in Nova Scotia, Canada. He continued with other scientific experiments and worked on many devices, such as hydrofoil boats, flying vehicles, metal detectors, the audiometer (a device for detecting hearing problems), a device for locating icebergs, and the development of air conditioning and alternative fuels. In 1888, Alexander was also one of the founding members of the National Geographic Society, and became its president for some years. Alexander died in 1922, aged 75, at his home in Canada. He had suffered from diabetes for some years. After his funeral, phones across the US were silenced for a short period, in recognition of a man who had revolutionised the world’s communication and changed people’s lives forever. Our Alexander Graham Bell Resources

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