Geography Coastal Processes Notes on Waves 🌊 #meddiestudies

Worksheets 1st Grade Movement can be used as helping kids learning in the first grade in primary schools. These worksheets are offered by many people charitable & commercial organizations through their internet portals. The worksheets provide study materials to kids in a funky & innovative way, to magnetize them towards…

With this geography activity, a World Atlas Scavenger Hunt, teens will go from A-Z, searching for places around the world, learning how to read an atlas.

We celebrated the end of our homeschool year with an Around the World Feast. We tasted foods from each of the seven continents and played geography games.

Hands-on learning isn't just for younger students! These hands-on activities for middle and high schoolers will help older students enjoy learning and stay actively engaged in the process.

Evaluate important geography lessons with the help of these printable geography worksheets. These free geography worksheets collection gives your school student some geography practice with fun and quiz-style worksheet. The printable worksheets are available in the image list below, click to download it to your computer.

Free essays, homework help, flashcards, research papers, book reports, term papers, history, science, politics

With the free Google Earth, you can learn latitudes and longitudes, distances and how the world’s nations and continents are laid out

WILD FEATHER ART//EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES Biomes card set Aquatic Tundra Forest Grassland Desert ***DIGITAL ONLY*** Please note that you are purchasing digital files only. All files are downloadable via your purchases. No printed copies or frames are included. For help with downloads on Etsy: https://www.etsy.com/help/article/3949 ***PERSONAL USE ONLY/CLASSROOM USE*** Commercial use is not allowed Please do not reproduce, share or resell the artwork. Images may not be altered or used in any form. If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to ask. Enjoy! x DISCLAIMER: Although, the author has made every effort to ensure that the information in this resource was correct at the time of publishing, the author does not assume and hereby disclaim any liability to any party for any loss, damage, injury, death, or disruption caused by errors or omissions, whether such errors or omissions result from negligence, accident or any other cause. The author is providing these resources on an "as is" basis. The author does not represent or warrant that the information accessible via this book is accurate, complete or current.

From Afghanistan to Zimbabwe, via a world of pain.

HyperDocs make room for more interactive, personalized, and student-directed learning. Let's look at how they work.

For many of us, cartography day in geography or history class meant a quick nap. With our eyes open, we’d dream of all the delicious stuff we were gonna eat after school, of music we’d play on the Walkman, of a message we received the other day from that cutie…

We all have geography lessons in school. And while we learn many interesting things about the maps and geography in them, there's always room for improvement.

Another fresh, healthy dump for your day.

I first discovered what fun these posters could be when I attended a workshop by Sue Patrick at a homeschool conference. She sells some of her posters already made HERE. I couldn't afford the pre-made posters, so I made my own. You can purchase all of these posters online, but I was able to purchase and laminate mine at Lakeshore Learning Center. The idea behind these posters is for learning to be FUN and INTERACTIVE! Rather than trying to memorize the poster by looking at it--get involved with some velcro! This is a great way to learn for those kids who have to touch everything! I purchased two of the same Skeletal System Posters. I laminated both. I then covered up all of the words with blue Duck Tape. Using the second poster, I cut out all of the words and adhered them to the first poster with velcro. Purchase Skeleton Poster. (This one is more money than I paid, but I couldn't find it elsewhere. You can probably find something similar at Target or your teacher resource store for less than $3. I paid $2.50 for this one.) I love clear velcro because it does not distract from what is going on in the poster--this is especially helpful for the next poster . . . Geography Terms. Want to learn all 46 Geography Terms? I typed them up and you can DOWNLOAD them HERE for FREE! Print on colored cardstock and laminate for durability. Purchase Geography Terms. You only need one. By the way, I wouldn't recommend giving all of these definitions to your kids in one pile--a tad overwhelming. Have your student master various sections of the poster before moving on--perhaps 10 at a time depending on the age. Make your student feel successful! You can purchase CLEAR VELCRO by the yard at Joann--don't forget to use a coupon! This is much cheaper than the individual velcro dots. For this Parts of Speech Poster, you'll need to cover the middle section (that has multiple words on it) with white paper and then laminate. Next, you'll need library card holders from any office supply or education store. Add parts of speech labels (or write them on) to each holder. We all have a stack of word cards/flash cards somewhere--have your student put each word in the correct library card holder. Purchase Parts of Speech. You'll only need to buy one. I laminated two Solar System Posters, used black Duck Tape to cover up the planet names, cut out the planet names from the second poster and put the names on with velcro. Purchase Our Solar System. Remember you'll need to buy two! Have fun learning! Have questions? Feel free to send me an email.

Here are the jobs you can get as a geography major – geographer, cartographer, photogrammetrist, urban planner, landscape artist, GIS specialist, and more.

The arithmetic, geography, civil government, physiology, grammar and history questions range from 'What is a personal pronoun?' to 'Who first discovered Lawrence River?' and 'Define Cerebrum'.

This four page printable is designed to encourage children to do some really good research about a country of their choice, and put together a book that they will be proud of! We've asked them to compile all sorts of interesting facts but left room for creativity too.

Disclaimer: embarrassing story to follow... Back in December (yes, 7ish months ago), we were in the middle of our geography unit. I searched YouTube for a catchy song to help my students remember the names of the continents and oceans, but I found nothing that A) had all of the info I needed or B) was of good quality. So my teammie and I wrote our own song! The continents verse is actually something I picked up while student teaching 9 years ago, and we wrote the oceans verse. We sang our hearts out and it was glorious! Then we decided that if we couldn't find anything we liked on YouTube, how many other teachers were feeling the same way? We talked to the tech department and got the permissions we needed to make our own YouTube video! We were READY, and the kids were SO excited! They were going to be FAMOUS!!! We were scheduled to film the video the day before Winter Break, and the plan was that I would edit it and put it together over Winter Break. Then nature happened. We didn't have school that last day before Winter Break due to an ice storm. We rescheduled for a day when we got back, except... you guessed it, our pal Polar Vortex wasn't going to allow it. Third time was a charm though, because we did end up filming in mid-January. Then my life happened. And then I forgot about it. The video camera I checked out from my school's library sat at my house for MONTHS. I know. SO embarrassing! Then the last week of school I got a print out of what I still needed to return to the library, and the video camera was on the list! I about died! So on the eve of the last day of school (while I'm juggling report cards and other EOY duties), I stayed up way past my bedtime to put the video together: Click on the image above to see the video on YouTube The video is unlisted, so I suggest you either bookmark it or pin this post so you can come back to it when you need it. Better late than never, right? It was a fun way for us to end the school year remembering one of the topics we learned about in Social Studies. What did you make this week? Link up with 4th Grade Frolics to share with us!

To help my son practice capital cities for our great 50 states, I made him a fun pegboard to practice. Here's how I did it (and you can too). Cut a piece of plywood to 8 1/2 x 11. If you don't have the tools at home, ask a helpful associate for assistance at the hardware store. They're usually able to cut wood to your dimensions upon request. Lightly sand with sandpaper to prevent splinters. Now print the PDF of states and capitals. The PDF is available for free download from Google Drive here. (You may have to log in to a Google account, though, to access it). I printed the pages on heavyweight cardstock. You'll need a special hole punch that can punch holes anywhere on the page. A normal paper punch won't work. I use this one, along with a rubber mallet. Martha Stewart also has a screw punch that would work. Using your special punch, punch out the holes individually on all seven pages. Make sure to protect your work surface (I usually put the pages on a cutting board). Yes, this is tedious, but totally worth it. Now set one of the pages on top of your wood. Center 1-inch brad nails in each hole and pound down with a hammer. You will need 16 nails. Leave the nails sticking up about a 1/2 inch or so. With all the nails pounded in, your pegboard is ready. Note: You can do this in your pajama pants if you want. Just sayin'. Grab eight rubberbands and the pages you printed. Stack the pages, put them onto the board, and hand your child the rubberbands to string from the state to the correct (hopefully) capital. The PDF includes a 2-page answer sheet, so you can double check your child's work. When my son finished a page, I removed the incorrect rubberbands and he tried again. It was great practice and loads more fun than flipping flashcards. The pegboard can be used to practice virtually any skill. Print a blank template to practice rhyming words, a foreign language, math facts, etc. Simply laminate before punching the holes and use a dry-erase marker to fill in the practice "questions and answers." This idea was adapted from FamilyFun magazine.

I have recently been introduced to the concept of socratic questions, as a means of exploring ideas in depth. The concept of socratic questioning is to allow students to examine their ideas logical…

Some innovative castle designs by my middle school students, Samuel E. Shull Middle School, Perth Amboy NJ 2017 After watching the video of David Macaulay's Castle, my students designed their own fortresses. They tested the defensive walls by building catapults with popsicle sticks, rubber bands and spoons and firing mini marshmallows at their creations to see how many could land inside. Caerphilly Castle was built in the thirteenth century. It is the largest castle in Wales. To learn more about Caerphilly Castle, click here. More views of Caerphilly Castle David Macaulay re-creates the building of a medieval Castle in his book Castle. For more information about this very detailed and informative book, visit the author's website by clicking here. To watch a four part movie based on the book, click on the YouTube videos below. The castle in Macaulay's book is imaginary but it is based on several real Medieval castles. One of them is Caerphilly castle in Wales. Here is a floor plan of Caerphilly Castle: The film starts off with the author, David Macaulay, with his sketchbook, in Conway Castle in Wales. Here are some photographs of Conway Castle: Here is a floor plan of Conway Castle: Below is a floor plan and some photographs of Deal Castle, in Kent, England Below is a floor plan and some photographs of Windsor Castle in England WHY DO ALL THESE MEDIEVAL CASTLES LOOK SO DIFFERENT FROM EACH OTHER? HOW ARE THEY ALL ALIKE? Keep reading to find out. There was no standard shape and structure for a castle. The builders adapted their designs to suit the site, the budget and the military dangers of the day. THE ANATOMY OF A MEDIEVAL CASTLE Print out the picture above and look at all the basic parts that make up the anatomy of a Medieval castle. The castles all look very different from each other, yet they are all made up of the same basic components. See if you can identify the components all of these castles have in common. How would geographic location and the topography of the site influence a castle's design? Some cool Medieval castle activities: Click here to learn how to build your own paper and cardboard Medieval castle Click here to learn how to design a castle floor plan Click here for a step by step Power Point presentation by The Helpful Art Teacher on how to design and build your own paper castle. Printable Worksheets How to build a paper castle You will need heavy paper, like oak tag or card stock, white glue,masking tape,cardboard for the base scissors,markers, paint and whatever else you wish to use to decorate your creation. A small inexpensive low temperature hot glue gun is useful but not necessary. The starting point: A tower You will need to build at least four of these towers and connect them by walls just to start building your castle. These worksheets are just to get you started. Be inventive! Figure out how to include all the parts of the castle from the moat and draw bridge to the gate house and portcullis to the inner ward and keep. Work in progress: These 7th grade students are creating a curtain wall, the wall surrounding their castle complex. A soldier can walk along this wall and shoot arrows at his enemies from behind the embrasures. These students have created a portcullis and draw bridge using yarn, Popsicle sticks and a low temperature hot glue gun. Interior and exterior shots of one 7th grade student's work in progress. She used a sharp scissors to cut the points on the Popsicle sticks that form the portcullis. When each group was done constructing their castles I gave them 12 Popsicle sticks, a rubber band, a plastic spoon and permission to go over to the hot glue gun table. Their mission? To design a working catapult capable of lobbing mini marshmallows into another group's castle. Catapult designed by a 7th grade student Click here to learn how to build a miniature working catapult out of Popsicle sticks (so you can storm your paper castle). This website gives step by step directions but I prefer to have my students come up with their own designs. As you can see, from the video below, my 7th graders' original contraptions worked quite well. catapult design by a 7th grade student from Rachel Wintemberg on Vimeo. STEAM connection: How does building a catapult connect art to science, technology, engineering and math? When you create a catapult you are using a simple macine, the lever. If you pull the spoon back, the taut rubber band has potential energy. When you let go of the spoon the marshmallow is propelled by force and has kinetic energy. When you pull the rubber band back to a 45 degree angle, the marshmallow will travel the farthest distance. When you pull it back farther, the marshmallow will travel higher, but not go as far. We set up our catapults behind a taped barrier and asked the students to see how many mini marshmallows they could get into each castle. In order to make it over the wall, student found that they ideally needed to pull the spoon back farther than 45 degrees to attain more height and less distance. We discussed how the goal of the job affects the method used to launch the catapult; had the goal been to make the marshmallow go the farthest distance, then a 45 degree angle would have been preferable. STEAM Vocabulary/Definitions accuracy : The degree of closeness of a measured or calculated quantity to its actual (true) value. For example, in the associated activity, accuracy is the ability to hit the target with the Ping-Pong ball. catapult: A toy/machine that launches a projectile. geometry: An area of mathematics that studies shape, size, position and properties of space. precision: The degree to which further measurements or calculations show the same or similar results. For example, in the associated activity, precision is the ability to hit the same location multiple times with the Ping-Pong ball. projectile: An object that is launched or thrown, usually in the air, by a force. Source:https://www.teachengineering.org/lessons/view/cub_catapult_lesson01 Other STEAM connections in this lesson: The portcullis and draw bridge on the castles above operate using a pulley, another simple machine. Show students simple machines and have them divide into small groups to brainstorm how they might incorporate simple machines into their castle designs. For instance, a pulley might be used to draw water from a well as well as to control the draw bridge and portcullis. What is a simple machine? A simple machine is a mechanical device that changes the direction or magnitude of a force. In general, they can be defined as the simplest mechanisms that use mechanical advantage (also called leverage) to multiply force. The six simple machines are: Lever Wheel and axle Pulley Inclined plane Wedge Screw This student took the assignment a step farther. After researching medieval weapons he decided to design a crossbow to defend his fortress and siege neighboring castles. He was, of course, very careful to aim his weapon at rival social studies projects and never at people. Learn all the parts of a real medieval castle and what they were used for before you begin. Look at several real castles and their floor plans before you create your own. Remember, fortresses were designed and built for defense so make sure your castle will protect the inhabitants within. The Parts of a Medieval Castle Vocabulary terms you will need to know: You will remember the vocabulary better if, after reading the definition, you click on the word. This will bring you to a picture that illustrates the word. If you are building a castle for a 7th grade social studies class your teacher will probably expect you to use these vocabulary words to label the parts of your castle. You will also be expected to demonstrate the ways in which your fortress uses these elements to protect it's inhabitants. Arrow Loops - These were slots in the walls and structures that were used to shoot arrows through. They came in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. Ashlar - Blocks of smooth square stone. They can be of any kind of stone. Bailey: This is a courtyard or open space surrounded by walls.The walls that make up the Bailey are also considered to be part of the Bailey. A castle could have several. Sometimes they were called the upper bailey and lower bailey or the west bailey and east bailey. Barbican: A stone structure that protected the gate of a castle. Think of it as a gatehouse. It usually had a small tower on each side of the gate where guards could stand watch. Barmkin: A yard surrounded by a defensive wall Bartizan: A small turret at the corner of a tower or wall. It is usually at the top but not always. Bastion: A tower or turret projecting from a wall or at the junction of two walls Battlements: These are the structures at the tops of the walls surrounding a castle. Picture what you have seen in the movies where archers are at the top of the wall and firing arrows between open slots down on the attackers. These shapes at the top (Where the archers position themselves for battle) are called battlements. They are also referred to as crenellations. Buttress: A masonry projection used as additional support for walls. Notre Dame Cathedral is a good examlple of the use of Buttresses. Corbel - A stone projection from a wall. It supports the weight of a battlement. Courtyard - The open area with the curtain walls of a castle. Curtain Wall - The stone walls around a castle. Drawbridge - This was a wooden bridge in front of the main gate of the castle. In the early centuries of castles it was moved horizontal to the ground and in the later centuries it was built so it could raise up in a hinged fashion. Dungeon - A deep dark cell typically underground and underneath a castle. This is a derivative of the word Dunjon. Donjon - this is an old word for a great tower or a keep. Embrasure - An opening in a parapet wall. GateHouse - A strongly built and fortified main entrance to a castle. It often has a guard house and or living quarters. Hall or GreatHall - This is the major building inside th walls of a castle. Hoarding: a covered wooden gallery above a tower the floor had slats or slots to allow defenders to drop object on besiegers. They could also drop liquids and projectiles. Keep - This definition changed slightly over the centuries of castle building. In the early years of stone castle building the Keep was a standalone structure that could be defended and often square in shape. Over the centuries these structures were improved upon and built around. Thus a castle was made that was a larger and more complex structure. The main tower that this was built around was still called the Keep and it was usually the tallest and strongest structure in the castle. It was also used as the last line of defense during siege or attack. Machicolations - The openings between the corbels of a parapet. They form areas that stick out along the top of the wall and defenders inside the castle can drop items like boiling water and rocks onto attackers. Merlons - The parts of parapet walls between embrasures Moat: A Body of water surrounding the outer wall of a castle. It was often around 5 to 15 feet deep and it was sometimes within the outer wall -between the outer wall and the inner wall. The primary purpose of the moat wasn't to stop attackers it was to stop tunnelers. Tunneling under a castle was an effective means of collapsing the walls or infiltrating it. A moat would cause any tunnel to collapse. Motte And Bailey: This isn't part of a castle it is the predecessor to the castle. A Motte and Bailey was an early form of castle where a large mound of dirt was built up then a wooden fortification was placed on top. This wooden fortification was in the shape of a timber fence that formed a circle like a crown at the top of the mound. The Mound is the motte, and the timber fence and the space it enclosed is the Bailey. Murder Hole: An opening in the roof of a gateway over an entrance. Used to drop projectiles or other things onto the besiegers. Oubliette: A deep pit reached by a trap door at the top. Prisoners were kept in it. Palisade: A defenisive fence Portcullis - This is a metal or wood grate that was dropped vertically just inside the main gate to the castle. Postern - A small gate at the back of a castle. Often considered to be a "Back Door". Rampart: Picture the battlements in the previous definition. The battlements are the top sections of the outer wall of the castle. Now to access these battlements the archers would stand on a walk way that was a wall in it's own right. This walkway is built right up against the outer wall and is called the Rampart. Ward - The area inside the walls of a castle. Often also called the Courtyard. Yett: Iron gates at the entrance of a castle To learn more about Medieval weapons, click here Click here to learn more about what life was life like in Medieval times If you were a peasant and wanted the protection a castle afforded, you had to pay your taxes If you were a monk you might work in a scriptorium painstakingly copying The Bible in Latin by hand and creating Illuminated manuscripts What is an illuminated manuscript? Before the invention of the printing press books had to be written by hand and very few people knew how to read.Click here to learn more about Medieval illuminated manuscripts If you were a knight, you would have to decorate your outfit with distinctive heraldry to avoid accidentally being killed by your own men Special thanks Richard Burzynski, Alexandre Lopez, Derrick C. Kyriacou and the Social Studies department at William C. McGinnis School. Please note: The pictures of actual medieval castles come from Wikimedia commons and are in the public domain. A few of the black and white images are handouts I have had for many years. If anyone knows who I should attribute them to, please email me. The pictures of step by step directions and photographs of student art work are my own. They may be downloaded and reproduced for educational purposes only (with appropriate credit given) in accordance with fair use law. Please do not republish them without contacting me for permission. Castles and creative writing: Middle school students love learning about castles. They figure heavily in many beloved children's stories, movies and video games. Why not use a castle construction project as a jumping off point for a unit on imaginative story telling? Castles are often a main feature in fantasy and mythological stories. Here is a fantasy art and storytelling assignment that I gave to my students during the 2016-2017 school year: Samuel E. Shull School, 2017 STUDENT ART GALLERY:

The term "wedge" has become popularized, but they only make up a fraction of tornadoes. Have a look at the varied forms tornadoes can take.

The rock cycle explained and a fun hands-on activity. Includes a free printable lesson on the rocky cycle. Ready to print, use, and engage kids!

Last summer I attended a GT training and was introduced to choice boards! I LOVE THIS IDEA!!! I think that students are more engaged and even challenge themselves more when they are given choices. The great thing is....they aren't just for GT students. Choice boards work similar to tic-tac-toe; the student completes 3 activities in a row {up, down, diagonal} They can be adapted for ALL students and actually lend themselves well to differentiated instruction. On Tuesday, I will be attending another GT training specifically on choice boards and differentiated instruction {I'm super pumped about it!} I can't wait to learn more about these learning tools! {I promise to share what I learn!} Choice boards can be set up in many different ways. You can base them off of abilities, learning styles, intelligences, and even levels of questioning. I have found it easier, if I focus on just one of these types. When creating the board, you want to plan out what type of activity each square will focus on. {You don't want to have 2 of the same type of activities in a row} The goal of the CBs are to have equally acceptable activities that you want the students to complete that are similar end products, but have varying ways to accomplish the final product. {For example, you are studying the Alamo. Students could choose activities from writing a diary from the viewpoint of being in the battle, recreating a model of the Alamo, creating a movie, etc.}The wonderful thing about CBs though...students can choose an activity they are willing to complete {taking into consideration their own likes/learning style/intelligence}, but they will have 2 other activities they will need to complete that will focus on other skills that they possibly may need to strengthen {but at the very least they're practicing other skills}! It's a win-win situation! I recently put the choice boards I created for my homework reader's responses in my shop. My students are required to read 20 min nightly, however I found that many of them weren't really reading every night! These choice boards give student's different options to respond to their books, while focusing on varying skills. I've also included 4 blank {editable} choice boards so that you can create your own boards! .....And I used the adorable sneakers clipart to jazz them up from KPM Doodles {love her stuff!} Here is an example template of how to begin creating a choice board based on Multiple Intelligences: Source: Dare to Differentiate Here are some great resources: Dare to Differentiate (AWESOME site for resources!) PVUSD Choices based on intelligence