By Carlo Dellaverson, NBC News In 2005, visitors packed into the expansive boulevard leading up to St. Peter’s Square as Pope John Paul II’s body was carried into the crowd for public viewing in the days following his death. Taken nea
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Blog mit selbst erstellten Unterrichtsmaterialien für die Grundschule/Volksschule zum Download. Mathematik - Deutsch - Sachunterricht
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A myth that just won't die.
When we look at the Greek Gods, we all tend to know who the twelve Olympian gods. This comes to a matter of which gods actually belong in the twelve Olympians as there is always a discrepancy between which gods belong in which category. Hence we have a problem with the issue of Dionysus and weather he is in fact an Olympian god or not is open for a debate. The question is having we as scholars created these terminologies for the sake of our own ideas and concepts of beliefs. How far does the concept of being an Olympian or Chthonian god matter? Parker states ‘What is at issue is the whole shape of the divine world as seen by the Greeks’(Parker,2011,80) Parker mentions an interesting point when dealing with the aspects of terminology. To the Ancient Greeks was a god Chthonian or Olympian any less or more important than a view of another one of the gods. Was there a difference in the way the Ancient Greeks worshiped Aphrodite to the way they worshiped Demeter? Chthonian were seen more as earth gods and sacrifices were made more towards the earth and land, unlike the Olympians which dealt with the aspects libations for god instead of the earth to name one of the differences. When dealing with chthonian gods and Olympic gods in terms of Hades, again we find him a hard god to be placed. He is said to be a chthonian god as he is the master of the underworld. The sacrifices would have been made at night towards Hades and libations being given to the earth. The problem we face with Hades, is the concept of is he even a chthonian god himself. He neither seems to really fit either or. As being the brother to two Olympian gods it hard to understand with a god that had so much responsibility placed upon him that he isn’t considered to be as an important as either Zeus or Poseidon. They were given the term by the Greeks of “TheoiKhthonioi” which is the term that belong to the 45 gods and goddess of the underworld. When looking at the Volute Krater from Apulia depicting Afterlife scene, which is now kept in the Toledo Museum of Art, here again we see Hades coming into contact with Dionysus in the underworld. Volute Krater They are shown shaking hands greeting each other in the underworld, Dionysus can be associated with continuation of life and death traveling from both earth to the underworld. When looking at the vase there seems to be a connection that can be made between the Krater is connected with the Orphic-Dionyasic eschatology and by reflecting the texts of Pelinna leaves. (Torjussen,87) Torjussen makes the comment of the writing in the Penlinna leaves keeps the connection between that of the vase and the role of the Dionyasic. Both depicted Hades as a main deity in the role but in the Penlinna leaves Dionysus is not presented unlike the Krater where he is actually seen interacting with Hades. As Trojussen states ‘The differences between the two sources are just too vast for them to be considered products of the same eschatology.”’(Trojussen,93) Trojussen makes an interesting comment, they may not indeed be depicting the same scene but its putting the two chthonian gods together. It is clear from both sources that there is a connection between them both and the underworld. With this said there is the concept that Dionysus is the connection between the Olympian and the chthonian gods. There is the concept that with Dionysus he is the link between Hades and Zeus or even that they are all one of the same. This then leads back to one of the original posing questions, how do we define what is classed as an Olympian god to what is a Chthonian god? This meaning we would have no term for any of the gods, which in turns we can view Hades on a par to the other gods. Hades the true lord of Olympus Bibliography Parker R, (2011) On Greek Religion. Cornell University Press, 2011 Online sources Torjussen,S.S, Dionysos In the Underworld an Interpretation of the Toledo Krater. http://septentrio.uit.no/index.php/nordlit/article/viewFile/1801/1677 last accessed: 24/03/2013
