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If you hang around 3D printers, X-Y plotters, CNC machines, drawing machines, or people who use any of them G-code is a term that will universally come up no matter where you find yourself in the world. But what is it? And how is it being used by these machines to do what they do? And importantly how can you manually alter it to make the machines do things that they otherwise wouldn’t be able to do (say in reference to 3D printers due to the limitations of the slicing software being utilised). Well, let’s take a dive into what has become the universal control method for machines running under computer numerical control (CNC). So let us take a look under the petticoats of CNC machines and then reap the rewards doing so in a 3D printer application. We will alter the G-Code of a 3D printer to enable multiple nozzle temperature changes mid-print. This is a feature available in the Prusa slicer but currently cannot be done in Ultimaker Cura without importing scripts or add-ons. I will use a free software called Repetier-Host to view the G-Code but you can use any text editor you would like to. Repetier-Host is really good as it is designed specifically to view G-Code, producing a 3D rendered view to help visualisation and explanations to the syntax to make understanding the lingo of G-Code much easier. See below for contents of this guide. -G-Code Overview-Overview of Repetier-Host -Finding G-Code from a Model Sliced by Ultimaker Cura -Altering G-Code In Repetier-Host for Temperature Tower What is a CNC Machine you ask, put simply Numerical control is the automated control of machining tools and 3D printers by means of a computer. A CNC machine processes a piece of material to meet specifications by following a coded programmed instruction and without a manual operator directly controlling the machining operation. Truly they are some of the best machines in the world and have an incredible history dating back to WWII aeronautical manufacturing by the Americans. John T. Parsons was making helicopter components in the 1940s using punch cards and lots of human effort to create a very labour-intensive 2.5 axis milling/drilling machine. Depending on your definition you could also fairly argue that the automation of machine control began in the 19th century with cams that 'played' a machine tool in a similar way to the elaborate cuckoo clocks or musical boxes of the time. Thomas Blanchard did this in 1818 by automating lathes to streamline the process of manufacturing barrels.  There is an Ultimaker Cura Overview Guide on our website which is a great reference point if this is your first time encountering Cura and you want to hit the ground running. Simply put Ultimaker Cura is a software which allows you to turn the computer file of your model into a recipe for a 3D printer to follow. It is completely free software available online with a great track record, used by over a million users worldwide and handles around 1.4 million prints per week. If solutions and advice on how to solve 3D print errors are needed an excellent guide is Improving 3D Printed Models.  If you have got any questions, queries or things you would like to see added please let us know your thoughts! G-Code Overview You read and hear me rabbiting on about 3D printing slicers creating recipes for 3D printers to follow, well G-Code is the rawest form of the recipe. It is as though it is a step by step guide for a chef to follow to make a cake where every direction of hand movement, oven temperature setting, mixing process to follow (down to every motion) is written down from start to end. CNC machines (don’t tell them that I’ve told you this they’ll stop working and get me in trouble) are ‘dumb’ and require this level of guidance to work. There is no assumptions or inspiration with these devices which means absolutely every movement needs to be drip feed to them and compiled successfully before they can ever succeed in the eyes of their operator.   More generally, G-Code is the language that humans use to tell the CNC machines to do something. The G-Code outlines commands for the printer head to move to and fro, the print bed to go up and down and the temperatures of the system to be set. They consist of numbers and letters. There are various standards of this, some CNC machines insist on encoding their g-code to be read correctly (making altering them hard) and other open-source platforms (Ultimaker bringing it in force) enable you to easily get inside, alter and tinker to the betterment of everyone. See below for an example of a g-code line and a whole bunch of syntax explaining the line.  So above is just a single line of G-Code, to create an entire 3D model or to carve out a chunk of metal to the desired size and dimension you need a lot of these commands. See below for a small section of G-Code that can be used to print a 3D Model. This G-Code was produced by Ultimaker Cura.  Overview of Repetier-Host Now it may have a weird name but this free software (which you can download at this location) is an amazing way to understand G-code. Below shows a screenshot of this software after opening up some G-code. This G-code will produce a temperature testing tower model. Temperature testing towers are an excellent way to determine the optimal temperature at which to print a filament. The image has been annotated with some numbers; 1. This area of the software shows a 3D render of what will be created using this G-Code. 2. Shows the actual G-Code in which you can scroll through and edit to your heart's content. 3. This section has three tabs, the G-Code Syntax tabs so you can understand what the numbers and letters mean, a Visualisation Tab to help change what you can see in the 3D render section and the last tab gives a search option to find exactly the desired sections in the G-Code.  Finding G-Code from a Model Sliced by Ultimaker Cura So the easiest way to see the 3D printers recipe in all its glory is to save a Cura sliced file and then open it up with your favourite text editor. A great tool to help visualise each step in the g-code instead of it just being an impenetrable wall of text is to use the Repetier-host described above. Below you can see a file for a temperature Tower about to be saved as G-code. If you are using an Ultimaker S5 3D Printer you will need to alter the Save as Type Field to make sure it gets saved as G-Code and not the different default file type (Ultimaker Format Package (.ufp)) of those printers. This is true also of the Ultimaker S3 3D Printer. The Ultimaker S3 and S5 will be able to run G-Code directly without needing the change the file format to the default.  Once the file is saved and Repetier-Host is installed you can then open up the Repetier-Host software, click on the File option in the top-down menu and select Load. Then find that G-Code and open it up into Repetier-Host. And just like that by clicking on the G-Code Editor you can see all the G-Code that will create your particular loaded model.   Altering G-Code in Repetier-Host For Temperature Tower Altering the temperature is a simple starting point to altering G-Code which is relatively safe. It is worth noting before diving too deep that whatever command you give to the printer it will do everything it can (unless it hits a failsafe) to follow through the command. So if you tell the machine to try to get the nozzle to a temperature where things can break, it will do just that, so take the time to double-check all of the commands you have altered to make sure they are exactly what you want. So Ultimaker Cura does not let you alter the temperatures of the printer midway unless you manually adjust it from the printer as it is printing. So if you want temperature changes that occur exactly at a certain layer height you can either download add-ons to Cura which will adjust the G-Code or you can Manually adjust the G-Code. So below is an image of the very first and only nozzle temperature decision that occurs right at the start of the G-Code which is defined by the command M109 S250. As you can see in the syntax explanation tab M109 Sets the extruder Temperature, S tells the machine the following number will be a temperature value in degrees celsius. So this command tells the nozzle to get to 250°C and then go to the next line in the G-Code.  So what we will do here is add more M109 commands with the temperatures we desire. This temperature test tower has labelled on the front 250°C all the way to 230°C in 5°C increments. So below you will see me adding the first command M109 S245 to right underneath where it has been commented in the G-Code Layer:114. You can see this highlighted in blue. This is done at this layer because layer 114 is the very first layer of the new temperature section. This was determined by using the visualisation tab. This process was repeated for each layer. Having completed this for each section of temperature change you can then save the G-code using the icon highlighted in the image below and using a USB stick or Network connection send that file to your 3D printer. And with that get your 3D printed right into printing. Below you can see the temperature lower by a 5°C increment at layer 114 following my added G-Code Command exactly as I had wanted it to do so.   And below is an image of the final model. You can see when using CPE to get the least amount of stringing a temperature of 235°C gives a better result and strings less than 250°C. Bridging the CPE seems to struggle at all tested temperatures. CPE, however, does not like to stick to the build plate when less than 250°C so perhaps starting a print at the higher temperature to improve initial sticking followed by lower the temperature as higher layer levels are reached is a good way to print CPE.  This can be easily done by altering G-Code and demonstrates how much control you gain by having an understanding of the backend, freeing yourself from any of the limitations of slicing software.

Mimosa Bar Sign 8x10 Greenery and gold Printable Instant Digital Download Rustic modern design for your wedding, bridal shower, hens party, bachelorette party, engagement party, birthday party • This listing is a DIGITAL DOWNLOAD. You will not receive anything in the mail. Please see below for bundle options. • W H A T • Y O U • G E T • • 8x10 PDF 8.5"x11" pages with crop marks for easy cutting • B U N D L E S • Save BIG with a bundle! Choose your quantity, colors & mix+match signs and games. https://www.etsy.com/listing/611180917/build-your-bundle-of-games-or-signs-baby?ref=shop_home_feat_3 • O P T I O N S • • COLORS To change the text/ink color, simply add this listing to your order and tell me what color you want in the note to seller box at checkout. https://www.etsy.com/listing/264060792/color-change-to-any-digital-download-in?ref=shop_home_active_1 ***IMPORTANT*** If you do not contact me, I will NOT see your order or any order notes. • TEXT/WORDING Want to change the TEXT/WORDING, or personalize this game with the BRIDE'S NAME? Simply add this listing to your order and add your personalized text in the personalization box. I'll email your personalized pdf within 1 day. https://www.etsy.com/listing/267066235/text-or-font-change-to-any-digital?ref=shop_home_active_2 • SIZES If you need a different size, please contact me and I'll gladly email the size you need. • MATCHING PRINTABLES https://www.etsy.com/shop/hellorosepaperie?ref=profile_shopname&search_query=greenery2 • O R D E R • P R O C E S S • 1. Purchase the listing 2. Click here to download your file: https://www.etsy.com/your/purchases 3. Print, cut and enjoy! Print as many copies as you want! I recommend printing on a heavier card stock size 8.5x11. I get mine at Hobby Lobby and use the 40% mobile coupon. • H O M E • P R I N T E R • S E T T I N G S • Make sure you are printing at 100% Scale and/or US Letter Borderless. Games are formatted to print to the edge of the paper. Cut down the middle and use a paper cutter for a nice, clean edge. DIY printing not for you? Simply email, upload online or save the file onto a flash drive and take it into a local office store where they will print & cut it for you! If you require a JPG, please send me a convo. • W H E R E • T O • P R I N T • • Office Max / Office Depot • Fedex Kinkos • Staples • Costco • Vistaprint • Shutterfly • Walmart • Target • Your local print shop(s) • F O L L O W • M E • Follow me on Instagram for a 20% DISCOUNT code! Also, you'll get to see new product updates, a few pretty pics, and get a peek into what happens behind my computer screen. Don't forget to share photos of your printables on Instagram (it makes my day!) Hashtag your photos #hellorosepaperie or tag @hellorosepaperie. Like my FACEBOOK page for shop updates and exclusive offers! i • www.instagram.com/hellorosepaperie/ f • www.facebook.com/hellorosepaperie/ p • www.pinterest.com/hellorosepaperie/ w • www.hellorosepaperie.com • • • • • • • • • • • • G E T • 3 0 % • O F F • • • • • • • • • • • • 1. Pin 3 items from Hello Rose Paperie's Pinterest Board (here: https://www.pinterest.com/hellorosepaperie/bridal-showers/games-by-hello-rose-paperie/ ) to your Pinterest boards. 2. Send me a convo on Etsy with the link to your Pinterest board. 3. I'll send you a coupon code for 30% OFF THANK YOU! ❤ Hello Rose Paperie

Don't Say Baby Clothespin Baby Shower Game 8x10 Pink Floral Watercolor Printable Instant Digital Download Rustic modern design for your baby shower, gender reveal, and sip and see • This listing is a DIGITAL DOWNLOAD. You will not receive anything in the mail. Please see below for bundle options. • W H A T • Y O U • G E T • • 8x10 PDF 8.5"x11" pages with crop marks for easy cutting • B U N D L E S • Save BIG with a bundle! Choose your quantity, colors & mix+match signs and games. https://www.etsy.com/listing/611180917/build-your-bundle-of-games-or-signs-baby?ref=shop_home_feat_3 • O P T I O N S • • COLORS To change the text/ink color, simply add this listing to your order and tell me what color you want in the note to seller box at checkout. https://www.etsy.com/listing/264060792/color-change-to-any-digital-download-in?ref=shop_home_active_1 ***IMPORTANT*** If you do not contact me, I will NOT see your order or any order notes. • TEXT/WORDING Want to change the TEXT/WORDING, or personalize this game with a NAME or DATE? Simply add this listing to your order and add your personalized text in the personalization box. I'll email your personalized pdf within 1 day. https://www.etsy.com/listing/267066235/text-or-font-change-to-any-digital?ref=shop_home_active_2 • SIZES If you need a different size, please contact me and I'll gladly email the size you need. • MATCHING PRINTABLES https://www.etsy.com/shop/hellorosepaperie?ref=profile_shopname&search_query=blue+floral • O R D E R • P R O C E S S • 1. Purchase the listing 2. Click here to download your file: https://www.etsy.com/your/purchases 3. Print, cut and enjoy! Print as many copies as you want! I recommend printing on a heavier card stock size 8.5x11. I get mine at Hobby Lobby and use the 40% mobile coupon. • H O M E • P R I N T E R • S E T T I N G S • Make sure you are printing at 100% Scale and/or US Letter Borderless. Games are formatted to print to the edge of the paper. Cut down the middle and use a paper cutter for a nice, clean edge. DIY printing not for you? Simply email, upload online or save the file onto a flash drive and take it into a local office store where they will print & cut it for you! If you require a JPG, please send me a convo. • W H E R E • T O • P R I N T • • Office Max / Office Depot • Fedex Kinkos • Staples • Costco • Vistaprint • Shutterfly • Walmart • Target • Your local print shop(s) • F O L L O W • M E • Follow me on Instagram for a 20% DISCOUNT code! Also, you'll get to see new product updates, a few pretty pics, and get a peek into what happens behind my computer screen. Don't forget to share photos of your printables on Instagram (it makes my day!) Hashtag your photos #hellorosepaperie or tag @hellorosepaperie. Like my FACEBOOK page for shop updates and exclusive offers! i • www.instagram.com/hellorosepaperie/ f • www.facebook.com/hellorosepaperie/ p • www.pinterest.com/hellorosepaperie/ w • www.hellorosepaperie.com • • • • • • • • • • • • G E T • 3 0 % • O F F • • • • • • • • • • • • 1. Pin 3 items from Hello Rose Paperie's Pinterest Board (here: https://www.pinterest.com/hellorosepaperie/bridal-showers/games-by-hello-rose-paperie/ ) to your Pinterest boards. 2. Send me a convo on Etsy with the link to your Pinterest board. 3. I'll send you a coupon code for 30% OFF THANK YOU! ❤ Hello Rose Paperie

Hello Friends - Please be so kind and save the parents some time. Write your name and address on the envelope we provide. Printable Instant Digital Download Kraft Background + Black and White, or choose your colors • This listing is a PRINTABLE/DIGITAL DOWNLOAD. You will not receive anything in the mail. ★ 60% OFF WHEN YOU BUY 3+ ITEMS ★ • W H A T • Y O U • G E T • • 1 8x10 PDF with a Kraft background (print this on white paper) • 1 8x10 PDF with a white background (print this on Kraft paper or colored card stock) 8.5"x11" pages with crop marks for easy cutting. Please message me if your size is not listed and I'll gladly provide the size you need. • O P T I O N S • • COLORS Choose your TEXT COLORS! Refer to the color chart in the listing and message me with your color choice. (Ex. Pink and Gold) Please do not leave notes on the order. I will not see them since this is an instant download. • TEXT/WORDING Want to change the TEXT/WORDING? Simply add this listing to your order and add your personalized text in the personalization box. https://hellorosepaperie.etsy.com/listing/267066235 • SIZES Please message me if your size is not listed and I'll gladly provide the size you need. • MATCHING GAMES https://www.etsy.com/shop/hellorosepaperie?ref=l2-shopheader-name&search_query=kraft All games and signs in the shop can be made in the kraft design. • MATCHING SIGNS https://www.etsy.com/shop/hellorosepaperie?ref=profile_shopname&search_query=kraft+sign All games and signs in the shop can be made in the kraft design. • O R D E R • P R O C E S S • 1. Purchase the listing 2. Click here to download your file: https://www.etsy.com/your/purchases 3. Print at home or a print store • P R O C E S S I N G • T I M E • This is for an instant download. If you require changes to color or text, message me after you place the order and I'll send you a new pdf. Your instant download will come as shown and will not have any edits. I'll send you the new pdf within 1-2 days after you have messaged me here. Message me for a rush order. • H O W • T O • D O W N L O A D • • Your instant download(s) can be found under Purchases https://www.etsy.com/your/purchases • You can't download a digital purchase through the Etsy app at this time. To download a digital file, please sign in to Etsy on your mobile browser or computer. If you do not have access to either, please message me and I'll email your file. • If your payment is still processing, the Download Files button will be gray. • If you are unable to locate your order, please click here for additional help: https://help.etsy.com/hc/en-us/articles/115013328108?segment=shopping • W H E R E • T O • P R I N T • • YOUR HOME PRINTER (PDF) For home printing, I recommend printing on a card stock size 8.5x11 (or any other size your home printer supports). Make sure your printer settings are at 100% Scale and Best Quality. Use a paper cutter for a nice, clean edge. If you print on copy paper, I recommend a bright, white paper. Copy paper is acceptable for framed prints, but card stock is recommended. Copy paper is perfect for test printing. For prints larger than 8x10, you may need to have it professionally printed at any of the places below. • PRINTS OF LOVE https://printsoflove.com/ref/hellorosepaperie.com Promo code HELLOPRINT10 For professional printing, I recommend Prints of Love. They offer high-quality prints and amazing customer service! If printing with Prints of Love, please message me to ensure that you receive the correct print format for their website. Some sizes require a bleed. Upload your print file to the Prints of Love website and they will print and ship directly to you! Use promo code HELLOPRINT10 at checkout to receive 10% off your order. • YOUR LOCAL OFFICE SUPPLY PRINT STORE / COPY CENTER • Office Max / Office Depot • Fedex Kinkos • Staples • Costco • Shutterfly • YOUR LOCAL PHOTO LAB • Walgreens • CVS • Walmart • R E T U R N • P O L I C Y • • There are no refunds on instant download purchases. Please be certain you want to purchase an item before doing so and be sure to proof your design before printing. • © Copyright Hello Rose Paperie. Please do not copy or replicate items seen in the shop or any part of the description. Thank you for supporting small businesses like mine! ❤ Brenda Hello Rose Paperie

Don't Say Baby Game Sign 8x10 Printable Instant Digital Download Kraft Background + Black and White, or choose your colors • This listing is a PRINTABLE/DIGITAL DOWNLOAD. You will not receive anything in the mail. ★ 60% OFF WHEN YOU BUY 3+ ITEMS ★ • W H A T • Y O U • G E T • • 1 8x10 PDF with a Kraft background (print this on white paper) • 1 8x10 PDF with a white background (print this on Kraft paper or colored card stock) 8.5"x11" pages with crop marks for easy cutting. Please message me if your size is not listed and I'll gladly provide the size you need. • O P T I O N S • • COLORS Choose your TEXT COLORS! Refer to the color chart in the listing and message me with your color choice. (Ex. Pink and Gold) Please do not leave notes on the order. I will not see them since this is an instant download. • TEXT/WORDING Want to change the TEXT/WORDING? Simply add this listing to your order and add your personalized text in the personalization box. https://hellorosepaperie.etsy.com/listing/267066235 • SIZES Please message me if your size is not listed and I'll gladly provide the size you need. • MATCHING GAMES https://www.etsy.com/shop/hellorosepaperie?ref=l2-shopheader-name&search_query=kraft All games and signs in the shop can be made in the kraft design. • MATCHING SIGNS https://www.etsy.com/shop/hellorosepaperie?ref=profile_shopname&search_query=kraft+sign All games and signs in the shop can be made in the kraft design. • O R D E R • P R O C E S S • 1. Purchase the listing 2. Click here to download your file: https://www.etsy.com/your/purchases 3. Print at home or a print store • P R O C E S S I N G • T I M E • This is for an instant download. If you require changes to color or text, message me after you place the order and I'll send you a new pdf. Your instant download will come as shown and will not have any edits. I'll send you the new pdf within 1-2 days after you have messaged me here. Message me for a rush order. • H O W • T O • D O W N L O A D • • Your instant download(s) can be found under Purchases https://www.etsy.com/your/purchases • You can't download a digital purchase through the Etsy app at this time. To download a digital file, please sign in to Etsy on your mobile browser or computer. If you do not have access to either, please message me and I'll email your file. • If your payment is still processing, the Download Files button will be gray. • If you are unable to locate your order, please click here for additional help: https://help.etsy.com/hc/en-us/articles/115013328108?segment=shopping • W H E R E • T O • P R I N T • • YOUR HOME PRINTER (PDF) For home printing, I recommend printing on a card stock size 8.5x11 (or any other size your home printer supports). Make sure your printer settings are at 100% Scale and Best Quality. Use a paper cutter for a nice, clean edge. If you print on copy paper, I recommend a bright, white paper. Copy paper is acceptable for framed prints, but card stock is recommended. Copy paper is perfect for test printing. For prints larger than 8x10, you may need to have it professionally printed at any of the places below. • PRINTS OF LOVE https://printsoflove.com/ref/hellorosepaperie.com Promo code HELLOPRINT10 For professional printing, I recommend Prints of Love. They offer high-quality prints and amazing customer service! If printing with Prints of Love, please message me to ensure that you receive the correct print format for their website. Some sizes require a bleed. Upload your print file to the Prints of Love website and they will print and ship directly to you! Use promo code HELLOPRINT10 at checkout to receive 10% off your order. • YOUR LOCAL OFFICE SUPPLY PRINT STORE / COPY CENTER • Office Max / Office Depot • Fedex Kinkos • Staples • Costco • Shutterfly • YOUR LOCAL PHOTO LAB • Walgreens • CVS • Walmart • R E T U R N • P O L I C Y • • There are no refunds on instant download purchases. Please be certain you want to purchase an item before doing so and be sure to proof your design before printing. • © Copyright Hello Rose Paperie. Please do not copy or replicate items seen in the shop or any part of the description. Thank you for supporting small businesses like mine! ❤ Brenda Hello Rose Paperie

Pacifier Hunt Baby Shower Game Sign Printable Instant Digital Download Kraft Background + Black and White, or choose your colors • This listing is a PRINTABLE/DIGITAL DOWNLOAD. You will not receive anything in the mail. ★ 60% OFF WHEN YOU BUY 3+ ITEMS ★ • W H A T • Y O U • G E T • • 1 8x10 PDF with a Kraft background (print this on white paper) • 1 8x10 PDF with a white background (print this on Kraft paper or colored card stock) 8.5"x11" pages with crop marks for easy cutting. Please message me if your size is not listed and I'll gladly provide the size you need. • O P T I O N S • • COLORS Choose your TEXT COLORS! Refer to the color chart in the listing and message me with your color choice. (Ex. Pink and Gold) Please do not leave notes on the order. I will not see them since this is an instant download. • TEXT/WORDING Want to change the TEXT/WORDING? Simply add this listing to your order and add your personalized text in the personalization box. https://hellorosepaperie.etsy.com/listing/267066235 • SIZES Please message me if your size is not listed and I'll gladly provide the size you need. • MATCHING GAMES https://www.etsy.com/shop/hellorosepaperie?ref=l2-shopheader-name&search_query=kraft All games and signs in the shop can be made in the kraft design. • MATCHING SIGNS https://www.etsy.com/shop/hellorosepaperie?ref=profile_shopname&search_query=kraft+sign All games and signs in the shop can be made in the kraft design. • O R D E R • P R O C E S S • 1. Purchase the listing 2. Click here to download your file: https://www.etsy.com/your/purchases 3. Print at home or a print store • P R O C E S S I N G • T I M E • This is for an instant download. If you require changes to color or text, message me after you place the order and I'll send you a new pdf. Your instant download will come as shown and will not have any edits. I'll send you the new pdf within 1-2 days after you have messaged me here. Message me for a rush order. • H O W • T O • D O W N L O A D • • Your instant download(s) can be found under Purchases https://www.etsy.com/your/purchases • You can't download a digital purchase through the Etsy app at this time. To download a digital file, please sign in to Etsy on your mobile browser or computer. If you do not have access to either, please message me and I'll email your file. • If your payment is still processing, the Download Files button will be gray. • If you are unable to locate your order, please click here for additional help: https://help.etsy.com/hc/en-us/articles/115013328108?segment=shopping • W H E R E • T O • P R I N T • • YOUR HOME PRINTER (PDF) For home printing, I recommend printing on a card stock size 8.5x11 (or any other size your home printer supports). Make sure your printer settings are at 100% Scale and Best Quality. Use a paper cutter for a nice, clean edge. If you print on copy paper, I recommend a bright, white paper. Copy paper is acceptable for framed prints, but card stock is recommended. Copy paper is perfect for test printing. For prints larger than 8x10, you may need to have it professionally printed at any of the places below. • PRINTS OF LOVE https://printsoflove.com/ref/hellorosepaperie.com Promo code HELLOPRINT10 For professional printing, I recommend Prints of Love. They offer high-quality prints and amazing customer service! If printing with Prints of Love, please message me to ensure that you receive the correct print format for their website. Some sizes require a bleed. Upload your print file to the Prints of Love website and they will print and ship directly to you! Use promo code HELLOPRINT10 at checkout to receive 10% off your order. • YOUR LOCAL OFFICE SUPPLY PRINT STORE / COPY CENTER • Office Max / Office Depot • Fedex Kinkos • Staples • Costco • Shutterfly • YOUR LOCAL PHOTO LAB • Walgreens • CVS • Walmart • R E T U R N • P O L I C Y • • There are no refunds on instant download purchases. Please be certain you want to purchase an item before doing so and be sure to proof your design before printing. • © Copyright Hello Rose Paperie. Please do not copy or replicate items seen in the shop or any part of the description. Thank you for supporting small businesses like mine! ❤ Brenda Hello Rose Paperie

Diaper Pong Game Sign 8x10 Printable Instant Digital Download Kraft Background + Black and White, or choose your colors • This listing is a PRINTABLE/DIGITAL DOWNLOAD. You will not receive anything in the mail. ★ 60% OFF WHEN YOU BUY 3+ ITEMS ★ • W H A T • Y O U • G E T • • 1 8x10 PDF with a Kraft background (print this on white paper) • 1 8x10 PDF with a white background (print this on Kraft paper or colored card stock) 8.5"x11" pages with crop marks for easy cutting. Please message me if your size is not listed and I'll gladly provide the size you need. • O P T I O N S • • COLORS Choose your TEXT COLORS! Refer to the color chart in the listing and message me with your color choice. (Ex. Pink and Gold) Please do not leave notes on the order. I will not see them since this is an instant download. • TEXT/WORDING Want to change the TEXT/WORDING? Simply add this listing to your order and add your personalized text in the personalization box. https://hellorosepaperie.etsy.com/listing/267066235 • SIZES Please message me if your size is not listed and I'll gladly provide the size you need. • MATCHING GAMES https://www.etsy.com/shop/hellorosepaperie?ref=l2-shopheader-name&search_query=kraft All games and signs in the shop can be made in the kraft design. • MATCHING SIGNS https://www.etsy.com/shop/hellorosepaperie?ref=profile_shopname&search_query=kraft+sign All games and signs in the shop can be made in the kraft design. • O R D E R • P R O C E S S • 1. Purchase the listing 2. Click here to download your file: https://www.etsy.com/your/purchases 3. Print at home or a print store • P R O C E S S I N G • T I M E • This is for an instant download. If you require changes to color or text, message me after you place the order and I'll send you a new pdf. Your instant download will come as shown and will not have any edits. I'll send you the new pdf within 1-2 days after you have messaged me here. Message me for a rush order. • H O W • T O • D O W N L O A D • • Your instant download(s) can be found under Purchases https://www.etsy.com/your/purchases • You can't download a digital purchase through the Etsy app at this time. To download a digital file, please sign in to Etsy on your mobile browser or computer. If you do not have access to either, please message me and I'll email your file. • If your payment is still processing, the Download Files button will be gray. • If you are unable to locate your order, please click here for additional help: https://help.etsy.com/hc/en-us/articles/115013328108?segment=shopping • W H E R E • T O • P R I N T • • YOUR HOME PRINTER (PDF) For home printing, I recommend printing on a card stock size 8.5x11 (or any other size your home printer supports). Make sure your printer settings are at 100% Scale and Best Quality. Use a paper cutter for a nice, clean edge. If you print on copy paper, I recommend a bright, white paper. Copy paper is acceptable for framed prints, but card stock is recommended. Copy paper is perfect for test printing. For prints larger than 8x10, you may need to have it professionally printed at any of the places below. • PRINTS OF LOVE https://printsoflove.com/ref/hellorosepaperie.com Promo code HELLOPRINT10 For professional printing, I recommend Prints of Love. They offer high-quality prints and amazing customer service! If printing with Prints of Love, please message me to ensure that you receive the correct print format for their website. Some sizes require a bleed. Upload your print file to the Prints of Love website and they will print and ship directly to you! Use promo code HELLOPRINT10 at checkout to receive 10% off your order. • YOUR LOCAL OFFICE SUPPLY PRINT STORE / COPY CENTER • Office Max / Office Depot • Fedex Kinkos • Staples • Costco • Shutterfly • YOUR LOCAL PHOTO LAB • Walgreens • CVS • Walmart • R E T U R N • P O L I C Y • • There are no refunds on instant download purchases. Please be certain you want to purchase an item before doing so and be sure to proof your design before printing. • © Copyright Hello Rose Paperie. Please do not copy or replicate items seen in the shop or any part of the description. Thank you for supporting small businesses like mine! ❤ Brenda Hello Rose Paperie

Thank You for Coming Printable Sign Floral Watercolor with Roses and Greenery Wedding, Bridal Shower, Bachelorette Party, Hens Party, Baby Shower, Birthday • This listing is a DIGITAL DOWNLOAD. You will not receive anything in the mail. You will receive 1 sign, the sign that is in the DESCRIPTION and is shown in the FIRST photo of this listing. • W H A T • Y O U • G E T • • 1 sign PDF (8x10 on an 8.5"x11" page with crop marks for easy cutting) If you require a JPEG, just message me! • B U I L D • Y O U R • B U N D L E • Save BIG with a bundle! Choose your quantity, colors & mix+match signs and games. https://www.etsy.com/listing/611180917/build-your-bundle-of-games-or-signs-baby?ref=shop_home_feat_3 • O P T I O N S • • TEXT/WORDING Want to change the TEXT/WORDING, or personalize this game with the bride's name and date? Simply add this listing to your order and add your personalized text in the personalization box (or send me a message). https://www.etsy.com/listing/267066235/text-or-font-change-to-any-digital?ref=shop_home_active_2 • SIZES Also available other sizes. Please send me a convo and I'll gladly email the size you need (8.5X11, A4, A5, ETC.) • MATCHING INVITATIONS https://www.etsy.com/listing/768040617/floral-blush-white-watercolor-bridal?ga_search_query=floral%2Binvitation&ref=shop_items_search_3&frs=1 https://www.etsy.com/listing/827370923/bridal-shower-invitation-for-virtual?ga_search_query=floral%2Binvitation&ref=shop_items_search_2&pro=1&frs=1 https://www.etsy.com/listing/785549222/virtual-baby-shower-invitation-gold-foil?ga_search_query=floral%2Binvitation&ref=shop_items_search_1&pro=1&frs=1 • MATCHING SIGNS https://www.etsy.com/shop/hellorosepaperie?ref=profile_shopname%C2%A7ion_id&search_query=floral+signs • MATCHING GAMES https://www.etsy.com/shop/hellorosepaperie?ref=profile_shopname%C2%A7ion_id&search_query=floral+games • O R D E R • P R O C E S S • 1. Purchase the listing 2. Download your purchase here https://www.etsy.com/your/purchases 3. Print, cut and enjoy! Print as many copies as you want! I recommend printing on a heavier card stock size 8.5x11. I get mine at Hobby Lobby and use the 40% mobile coupon. Make sure your printer settings are at 100% Scale and Best Quality. Use a paper cutter for a nice, clean edge. If you print on copy paper, I recommend a bright, white paper. Copy paper is acceptable for games, but not recommended for invitations. DIY printing not for you? Simply email, upload online or save the file onto a flash drive and take it into a local office store where they will print & cut it for you! If you require a JPG, please send me a message. • W H E R E • T O • P R I N T • • Office Max / Office Depot • Fedex Kinkos • Staples • Costco • Vistaprint • Shutterfly • Mpix (Invitations) • Your local print shop(s) • For GAMES and 8x10 or larger SIGNS, I recommend Staples. You can choose your paper and some stores will have a paper cutter you can use. • For INVITATIONS, I recommend https://www.mpix.com/ above all others. They are first and foremost a photo lab, so they print cards professionally. They have a lot of premium card stock options available and offer rounded corners. Staples is also good quality and you should be able to order online or in store. If you need a JPG, please send me a convo through Etsy. • F O L L O W • M E • Follow me on Instagram for a 20% DISCOUNT code! Also, you'll get to see new product updates, a few pretty pics, and get a peek into what happens behind my computer screen. Don't forget to share photos of your printables on Instagram (it makes my day!) Hashtag your photos #hellorosepaperie or tag @hellorosepaperie. Like my FACEBOOK page for updates and exclusive offers! i • www.instagram.com/hellorosepaperie/ f • www.facebook.com/hellorosepaperie/ p • www.pinterest.com/hellorosepaperie/ w • www.hellorosepaperie.com All designs from Hello Rose Paperie© are not to be used for commercial use. THANK YOU! ❤ Hello Rose Paperie

MOMosa Bar Printable Sign Floral Watercolor with Roses and Greenery Baby Shower, Gender Reveal, Sip and See • This listing is a DIGITAL DOWNLOAD. You will not receive anything in the mail. You will receive 1 sign, the sign that is in the DESCRIPTION and is shown in the FIRST photo of this listing. • W H A T • Y O U • G E T • • 1 sign PDF (8x10 on an 8.5"x11" page with crop marks for easy cutting) If you require a JPEG, just message me! • B U I L D • Y O U R • B U N D L E • Save BIG with a bundle! Choose your quantity, colors & mix+match signs and games. https://www.etsy.com/listing/611180917/build-your-bundle-of-games-or-signs-baby?ref=shop_home_feat_3 • O P T I O N S • • TEXT/WORDING Want to change the TEXT/WORDING, or personalize this game with the bride's name and date? Simply add this listing to your order and add your personalized text in the personalization box (or send me a message). https://www.etsy.com/listing/267066235/text-or-font-change-to-any-digital?ref=shop_home_active_2 • SIZES Also available other sizes. Please send me a convo and I'll gladly email the size you need (8.5X11, A4, A5, ETC.) • MATCHING INVITATIONS https://www.etsy.com/listing/768040617/floral-blush-white-watercolor-bridal?ga_search_query=floral%2Binvitation&ref=shop_items_search_3&frs=1 https://www.etsy.com/listing/827370923/bridal-shower-invitation-for-virtual?ga_search_query=floral%2Binvitation&ref=shop_items_search_2&pro=1&frs=1 https://www.etsy.com/listing/785549222/virtual-baby-shower-invitation-gold-foil?ga_search_query=floral%2Binvitation&ref=shop_items_search_1&pro=1&frs=1 • MATCHING SIGNS https://www.etsy.com/shop/hellorosepaperie?ref=profile_shopname%C2%A7ion_id&search_query=floral+signs • MATCHING GAMES https://www.etsy.com/shop/hellorosepaperie?ref=profile_shopname%C2%A7ion_id&search_query=floral+games • O R D E R • P R O C E S S • 1. Purchase the listing 2. Download your purchase here https://www.etsy.com/your/purchases 3. Print, cut and enjoy! Print as many copies as you want! I recommend printing on a heavier card stock size 8.5x11. I get mine at Hobby Lobby and use the 40% mobile coupon. Make sure your printer settings are at 100% Scale and Best Quality. Use a paper cutter for a nice, clean edge. If you print on copy paper, I recommend a bright, white paper. Copy paper is acceptable for games, but not recommended for invitations. DIY printing not for you? Simply email, upload online or save the file onto a flash drive and take it into a local office store where they will print & cut it for you! If you require a JPG, please send me a message. • W H E R E • T O • P R I N T • • Office Max / Office Depot • Fedex Kinkos • Staples • Costco • Vistaprint • Shutterfly • Mpix (Invitations) • Your local print shop(s) • For GAMES and 8x10 or larger SIGNS, I recommend Staples. You can choose your paper and some stores will have a paper cutter you can use. • For INVITATIONS, I recommend https://www.mpix.com/ above all others. They are first and foremost a photo lab, so they print cards professionally. They have a lot of premium card stock options available and offer rounded corners. Staples is also good quality and you should be able to order online or in store. If you need a JPG, please send me a convo through Etsy. • F O L L O W • M E • Follow me on Instagram for a 20% DISCOUNT code! Also, you'll get to see new product updates, a few pretty pics, and get a peek into what happens behind my computer screen. Don't forget to share photos of your printables on Instagram (it makes my day!) Hashtag your photos #hellorosepaperie or tag @hellorosepaperie. Like my FACEBOOK page for updates and exclusive offers! i • www.instagram.com/hellorosepaperie/ f • www.facebook.com/hellorosepaperie/ p • www.pinterest.com/hellorosepaperie/ w • www.hellorosepaperie.com All designs from Hello Rose Paperie© are not to be used for commercial use. THANK YOU! ❤ Hello Rose Paperie

Love is Sweet Please Take a Treat Printable Sign Floral Watercolor with Roses and Greenery Wedding, Bridal Shower, Bachelorette Party, Hens Party • This listing is a DIGITAL DOWNLOAD. You will not receive anything in the mail. You will receive 1 sign, the sign that is in the DESCRIPTION and is shown in the FIRST photo of this listing. • W H A T • Y O U • G E T • • 1 sign PDF (8x10 on an 8.5"x11" page with crop marks for easy cutting) If you require a JPEG, just message me! • B U I L D • Y O U R • B U N D L E • Save BIG with a bundle! Choose your quantity, colors & mix+match signs and games. https://www.etsy.com/listing/611180917/build-your-bundle-of-games-or-signs-baby?ref=shop_home_feat_3 • O P T I O N S • • TEXT/WORDING Want to change the TEXT/WORDING, or personalize this game with the bride's name and date? Simply add this listing to your order and add your personalized text in the personalization box (or send me a message). https://www.etsy.com/listing/267066235/text-or-font-change-to-any-digital?ref=shop_home_active_2 • SIZES Also available other sizes. Please send me a convo and I'll gladly email the size you need (8.5X11, A4, A5, ETC.) • MATCHING INVITATIONS https://www.etsy.com/listing/768040617/floral-blush-white-watercolor-bridal?ga_search_query=floral%2Binvitation&ref=shop_items_search_3&frs=1 https://www.etsy.com/listing/827370923/bridal-shower-invitation-for-virtual?ga_search_query=floral%2Binvitation&ref=shop_items_search_2&pro=1&frs=1 https://www.etsy.com/listing/785549222/virtual-baby-shower-invitation-gold-foil?ga_search_query=floral%2Binvitation&ref=shop_items_search_1&pro=1&frs=1 • MATCHING SIGNS https://www.etsy.com/shop/hellorosepaperie?ref=profile_shopname%C2%A7ion_id&search_query=floral+signs • MATCHING GAMES https://www.etsy.com/shop/hellorosepaperie?ref=profile_shopname%C2%A7ion_id&search_query=floral+games • O R D E R • P R O C E S S • 1. Purchase the listing 2. Download your purchase here https://www.etsy.com/your/purchases 3. Print, cut and enjoy! Print as many copies as you want! I recommend printing on a heavier card stock size 8.5x11. I get mine at Hobby Lobby and use the 40% mobile coupon. Make sure your printer settings are at 100% Scale and Best Quality. Use a paper cutter for a nice, clean edge. If you print on copy paper, I recommend a bright, white paper. Copy paper is acceptable for games, but not recommended for invitations. DIY printing not for you? Simply email, upload online or save the file onto a flash drive and take it into a local office store where they will print & cut it for you! If you require a JPG, please send me a message. • W H E R E • T O • P R I N T • • Office Max / Office Depot • Fedex Kinkos • Staples • Costco • Vistaprint • Shutterfly • Mpix (Invitations) • Your local print shop(s) • For GAMES and 8x10 or larger SIGNS, I recommend Staples. You can choose your paper and some stores will have a paper cutter you can use. • For INVITATIONS, I recommend https://www.mpix.com/ above all others. They are first and foremost a photo lab, so they print cards professionally. They have a lot of premium card stock options available and offer rounded corners. Staples is also good quality and you should be able to order online or in store. If you need a JPG, please send me a convo through Etsy. • F O L L O W • M E • Follow me on Instagram for a 20% DISCOUNT code! Also, you'll get to see new product updates, a few pretty pics, and get a peek into what happens behind my computer screen. Don't forget to share photos of your printables on Instagram (it makes my day!) Hashtag your photos #hellorosepaperie or tag @hellorosepaperie. Like my FACEBOOK page for updates and exclusive offers! i • www.instagram.com/hellorosepaperie/ f • www.facebook.com/hellorosepaperie/ p • www.pinterest.com/hellorosepaperie/ w • www.hellorosepaperie.com All designs from Hello Rose Paperie© are not to be used for commercial use. THANK YOU! ❤ Hello Rose Paperie

Date Night Ideas Jar Printable Sign Blue Floral Watercolor with Roses and Greenery Wedding, Bridal Shower, Bachelorette Party, Hens Party, Baby Shower, Birthday • This listing is a DIGITAL DOWNLOAD. You will not receive anything in the mail. You will receive 1 sign, the sign that is in the DESCRIPTION and is shown in the FIRST photo of this listing. • W H A T • Y O U • G E T • • 1 sign PDF (8x10 on an 8.5"x11" page with crop marks for easy cutting) If you require a JPEG, just message me! • B U I L D • Y O U R • B U N D L E • Save BIG with a bundle! Choose your quantity, colors & mix+match signs and games. https://www.etsy.com/listing/611180917/build-your-bundle-of-games-or-signs-baby?ref=shop_home_feat_3 • O P T I O N S • • TEXT/WORDING Want to change the TEXT/WORDING, or personalize this game with the bride's name and date? Simply add this listing to your order and add your personalized text in the personalization box (or send me a message). https://www.etsy.com/listing/267066235/text-or-font-change-to-any-digital?ref=shop_home_active_2 • SIZES Also available other sizes. Please send me a convo and I'll gladly email the size you need (8.5X11, A4, A5, ETC.) • MATCHING INVITATIONS https://www.etsy.com/listing/768040617/floral-blush-white-watercolor-bridal?ga_search_query=floral%2Binvitation&ref=shop_items_search_3&frs=1 https://www.etsy.com/listing/827370923/bridal-shower-invitation-for-virtual?ga_search_query=floral%2Binvitation&ref=shop_items_search_2&pro=1&frs=1 https://www.etsy.com/listing/785549222/virtual-baby-shower-invitation-gold-foil?ga_search_query=floral%2Binvitation&ref=shop_items_search_1&pro=1&frs=1 • MATCHING SIGNS https://www.etsy.com/shop/hellorosepaperie?ref=profile_shopname%C2%A7ion_id&search_query=floral+signs • MATCHING GAMES https://www.etsy.com/shop/hellorosepaperie?ref=profile_shopname%C2%A7ion_id&search_query=floral+games • O R D E R • P R O C E S S • 1. Purchase the listing 2. Download your purchase here https://www.etsy.com/your/purchases 3. Print, cut and enjoy! Print as many copies as you want! I recommend printing on a heavier card stock size 8.5x11. I get mine at Hobby Lobby and use the 40% mobile coupon. Make sure your printer settings are at 100% Scale and Best Quality. Use a paper cutter for a nice, clean edge. If you print on copy paper, I recommend a bright, white paper. Copy paper is acceptable for games, but not recommended for invitations. DIY printing not for you? Simply email, upload online or save the file onto a flash drive and take it into a local office store where they will print & cut it for you! If you require a JPG, please send me a message. • W H E R E • T O • P R I N T • • Office Max / Office Depot • Fedex Kinkos • Staples • Costco • Vistaprint • Shutterfly • Mpix (Invitations) • Your local print shop(s) • For GAMES and 8x10 or larger SIGNS, I recommend Staples. You can choose your paper and some stores will have a paper cutter you can use. • For INVITATIONS, I recommend https://www.mpix.com/ above all others. They are first and foremost a photo lab, so they print cards professionally. They have a lot of premium card stock options available and offer rounded corners. Staples is also good quality and you should be able to order online or in store. If you need a JPG, please send me a convo through Etsy. • F O L L O W • M E • Follow me on Instagram for a 20% DISCOUNT code! Also, you'll get to see new product updates, a few pretty pics, and get a peek into what happens behind my computer screen. Don't forget to share photos of your printables on Instagram (it makes my day!) Hashtag your photos #hellorosepaperie or tag @hellorosepaperie. Like my FACEBOOK page for updates and exclusive offers! i • www.instagram.com/hellorosepaperie/ f • www.facebook.com/hellorosepaperie/ p • www.pinterest.com/hellorosepaperie/ w • www.hellorosepaperie.com All designs from Hello Rose Paperie© are not to be used for commercial use. THANK YOU! ❤ Hello Rose Paperie

b) envelope c) matrix d) virion e) capsomere Answer: a 2) Which of the following would not be a nucleic acid form found in a viral genome? a) dsDNA b) ssDNA c) dsRNA d) ssRNA e) an RNA:DNA hybrid Answer: e 3) Which of the following is an enzyme that most RNA viruses encode in their genome? a) DNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase b) RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase c) DNA-dependent-DNA-polymerase d) DNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase e) RNA-dependent-protein-synthetase Answer: b 2 4) Viruses play a major role in the ecology of the ocean by doing which of the following? a) By infecting photosynthetic bacteria and increasing their growth. b) By infecting harmful bacteria found in the ocean and limiting their growth. c) By killing off fish and preventing them from becoming too plentiful. d) By lysing unicellular organisms and releasing carbon and oxygen back into the ocean. e) All of the above statements are correct. Answer: d 5) If you wanted to show that an infectious agent is a virus, what experiment could you do? a) Show that the agent can be seen under a light microscope. b) Show that agent contains a lipid membrane. c) Show that the agent can form single colonies on an agar plate. d) Show that the agent can be diluted and can still cause disease in an animal. e) Show that the agent can pass through a porcelain filter and is still infectious. Answer: e 6) What does the word “virus” mean in Latin? a) infectious agent b) liquid c) poison d) death e) disease Answer: c 7) The word “phage” is a shortened version of the name of a virus that can infect which type of organism? a) bacterial cell b) human cell c) eukaryotic cell d) plant cell e) inset cell Answer: a 3 8) The study of which group of viruses led to the discovery of cellular genes that can promoter cancer in animal cells? a) papillomaviruses b) retroviruses c) adneoviruses d) polyomaviruses e) picornaviruses Answer: b 9) When doing a plaque assay with human or animal cells, a layer of nutrient media mixed with agar is put on top of the cells after they have been infected with the diluted virus. What is the major purpose of this agar layer? a) It helps to feed the cells as they grow. b) It promotes the replication of the virus. c) It makes the infected cells easier to visualize. d) It limits the movement of virus particles. e) All of the above are correct. Answer: d 10) To start an experiment, you do an infection by putting 0.5 ml of a virus stock that has a titer of 6 x 107 pfu/ml onto a plate of animal cells that contains 5 x 106 cells. What is the multiplicity of infection for this experiment? a) 12 b) 6 c) 5 d) 3 e) 1 Answer: b 11) During a single growth cycle experiment, the titer of extracellular and intracellular virus drops in the first hour. What explains this observation? a) The virus is inactivated by antibodies in the medium. b) The virus is inactivated by cellular enzymes. 4 c) The virus enters the cell and is uncoated. d) The virus binds to the cells in the dish and can’t be released. e) The cell’s antiviral defenses prevent replication of the virus Answer: c 12) What is another term for an RNA-dependent-DNA-polymerase? a) DNA polymerase b) RNA polymerase II c) RNA replicase d) RNA transcriptase e) Reverse transcriptase Answer: e 13) Plant viruses use which cellular structures to spread between host cells? a) endosomes b) plasmodesmata c) plasma membranes d) vesicles e) receptors Answer: b 14) All viruses that use a negative-sense RNA genome must package which of the following proteins in their virion? a) RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase b) matrix protein c) RNA helicase d) RNA methylase e) scaffolding protein Answer: a 15) Which of the following is a description of a plaque? a) A viral particle as seen by electron microscopy. b) A region of dead cells in a monolayer of infected cells. 5 c) A skin lesion caused by a virus infection in an animal. d) A button of red blood cells seen in a hemagglutination assay. e) A region of crystallized virus particles in an infected cell. Answer: b 16) Which of the following processes in cells was NOT discovered by studying a virus? a) the sequence of the genetic code. b) DNA replication in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells c) DNA is the genetic material d) regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic cells. e) mRNA splicing in eukaryotic cells Answer: a 17) You are given a solution of virus and asked to determine the titer. You carry out a plaque assay with 0.5mls of a 105 dilution of the virus solution and obtain an average of 150 plaques. What is the titer of the solution? a) 1.5 x 105 pfu/ml b) 3 x 105 pfu/ml c) 1.5 x 107 pfu/ml d) 3 x 107 pfu/ml e) 1.5 x 108 pfu/ml Answer: d 18) The Baltimore classification system describes the relationship between a viral genome and the: a) the complementary genome sequence. b) early viral proteins. c) early mRNAs. d) cellular polymerases. e) Latin classification system. Answer: c 19) If the genome of a positive-strand RNA virus, which has been purified away from all of the virion proteins, was injected into the cytoplasm of an appropriate host cell, what would happen first? a) The genome would be copied into complementary negative RNA. 6 b) The genome would be translated by cellular ribosome’s. c) The genome would be transcribed by a cellular RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase. d) The genome would be transcribed by a viral RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase. e) None of the above. Answer: b 20) If the genome of a negative-strand RNA virus, which has been purified away from all of the virion proteins, was injected into the cytoplasm of an appropriate host cell, what would happen first? a) The genome would be copied into complementary negative RNA. b) The genome would be translated by cellular ribosome’s. c) The genome would be transcribed by a cellular RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase. d) The genome would be transcribed by a viral RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase. e) None of the above. Answer: e 21) Most DNA viruses that replicate in the nucleus of the host cell use which of the following to transcribe their genes into mRNA? a) cellular DNA-dependent-RNA polymerase b) viral DNA-dependent-RNA polymerase c) viral DNA-dependent-DNA polymerase d) cellular DNA-dependent-DNA polymerase e) viral RNA-dependent-DNA polymerase Answer: a 22) The development of which of the following instruments or techniques in the 1930’s allowed scientists to visualize viral particles for the first time? a) polymerase chain reaction b) electron microscope c) confocal microscope d) thermal cycler e) plaque assay Answer: b Question Type: True/False 7 24) The common cold can be caused by viruses from three different families, some of which have RNA genomes and some of which have DNA genomes. Answer: True 25) The major advantage of a hemagglutination assay to measure the amount of virus particles in a solution is that it is very accurate. Answer: False 26) Phages, viruses that can infect bacterial cells, may someday be used to treat bacterial infections. Answer: True Question type: Essay 27) The particle to plaque ratio for most animal viruses is much greater than one. What are the reasons why not 100% of animal virus particles, as seen under the electron microscope, can productively infect cells? Answer: Not all virus particles as seen under the electron microscope are intact virions capable of binding and entering a host cell. Some virus particles contain defective genomes that lack one or more critical genes necessary for viral replication. Some viral particles contain empty capsids, which means that there is not genome inside the virion. Finally, cells have many antiviral defense mechanisms that can shut down a virus infection before it can be completed. 28) Viruses are not the only obligatory intracellular parasites. Describe how the replication of viruses is different than cellular organisms that replicate inside of cells, like chlamydiae and rickettsiae. Answer: Unicellular parasitic cells that need to replicate inside of other cells do not replicate in the same way that viruses do. First of all, unicellular parasites have their own ribosomes to translate their mRNAs and do not use the host cell ribosomes, like viruses do. In addition they are intact cells that contain their genome entirely within their own cellular membranes and do not release their genome into the host cell, the way that viruses do. These cellular parasites undergo binary fission in the same way that independently living cells do. Viruses do not have their own ribosomes and actually disintegrate their virion, releasing the genome out of the capsid and into the cytoplasm before they begin their replication. They do not undergo binary fission. Package Title: Testbank Course Title: Acheson 2nd edition Chapter Number: 02 Question type: Multiple Choice 1) The lipid membrane that surrounds the nucleocapsid of some virus particles is called the: a) matrix b) tegument c) capsid d) envelope e) glycoprotein Answer: d 2) The nucleocapsid describes the structure that includes the: a) capsid and the genome b) capsid and the envelope c) envelope and the glycoproteins d) helical capsid and an envelope e) icosahedral capsid and an envelope Answer: a 3) Depending on the type of virus, which of the following is a function of the virus capsid? a) To attach to the correct type of host cell. b) To protect the viral genome from nucleases. c) To ensure delivery of the genome into the host cell. d) To protect the viral genome from damage by UV light. e) All of the above functions are correct. Answer: e 4) Virus particles can be visualized with which of the following? a) negative staining of virions with electron microscopy b) negative staining of virions with x-ray diffraction c) negative staining of thin sections of infected cells with electron microscopy d) positive staining in cryoelectron microscopy 9 e) positive staining of infected cells with x-ray diffraction Answer: a 5) Most viruses that use a spherical shaped capsid arrange their capsid proteins with which of the following symmetries? a) cubic b) tetrahedral c) icosahedral d) dodecagon e) helical Answer: c 6) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a regular icosahedron? a) It has 12 vertices of 5-fold symmetry. b) It has 20 triangular faces. c) It has 20 sides with 3-fold symmetry. d) It has 30 edges with 2-fold symmetry e) It has 6 square faces. Answer: e 7) How many copies of the capsid protein would there be in an icosahedral capsid with a Triangulation number of 7? a) 70 b) 210 c) 280 d) 420 e) 490 Answer: d 8) Which of the following h and k values will produce a triangulation number of 13? a) 1 and 1 b) 1 and 2 c) 1 and 3 d) 2 and 3 Answer: c 9) The capsid of SV40 contains 360 protein copies. Why is this unusual? a) There is only 1 kind of protein in this capsid. b) 360 is not the correct number of protein capsids for a T 6 capsid. c) Six is not a mathematically allowed triangulation number. d) The proteins have equivalent interactions. e) The capsid is not large enough to hold the entire genome. Answer: c 10) The Jelly Roll barrel is: a) a structure found in many viral envelope glycoproteins. b) a structure found in many viral capsid proteins. c) the structure the viral genome takes inside of a helical capsid. d) the structure the viral genome takes inside an icosahedral capsid. e) the structure of many helical capsids as the wrap around the genome. Answer: e 11) Which of the following describes the number of subunits per turn in a helical capsid? a) P (pitch) b) (mu) c) (rho) d) Triangulation number e) symmetry Answer: b 12) A very common structure for bacteriophage particles is which of the following? a) an icosahedral head and an envelope b) a naked icosahedral head c) a naked helical tail d) an icosahedral head with a helical tail 11 e) a cubic head with a helical tail Answer: d 13) A Type I membrane protein has which of the following structures? a) Both the C-terminus and the N-terminus face the inside of the virion. b) It passes through the viral envelope multiple times. c) The N-terminus faces outside the virion and the C-terminus faces inside the virion. d) The N-terminus faces inside the virion and the C-terminus faces outside the virion. e) The protein lacks a transmembrane domain and is secreted from the infected cell. Answer: c 14) What does the term “quasi-equivalent” mean with respect to the proteins in an icosahedral capsid? a) If the identical protein is used, it has both 5-fold and 6-fold interactions with the other proteins in the capsid. b) There are different proteins in the capsid with similiar shapes. c) They all use the “jelly-roll” protein structure. d) There can be more than one type of glycoprotein in the envelope. e) All of the proteins interact in a 5-fold arrangement. Answer: a 15) Which of the following is a description of a scaffolding protein? a) A cellular protein that acts as a chaperone during assembly of a helical capsid. b) A viral protein that is used on the outside of an icosahedral capsid during assembly. c) A viral protein used on the inside of an icosahedral capsid during assembly and then removed. d) A protease that trims the proteins during assembly of an icosahedral capsid. e) A energy dependent motor used to package the genome into larger icosahedral capsids. Answer: c 16) A scaffolding protein is important for assembly of an icosahedral capsid….. a) but does not bind to the viral genome. b) but does not become part of the final virion. c) and helps to cut the genome into unit lengths. 12 d) and binds to the host cell receptor. e) and assists the virion in exiting the host cell. Answer: b 17) A packaging sequence is involved in which of the following assembly processes? a) The assembly of the capsid around the genomic nucleic acid. b) The correct binding of capsid proteins to each other. c) The insertion of the viral glycoproteins in the envelope. d) The acquisition of the envelope by the capsid. e) The packaging of the matrix proteins into the virion. Answer: a 18) In a helical nucleocapsid, which of the following MOST affects the LENGTH of the capsid? a) the (mu) value b) the (rho) value c) the size of the genome and the P (pitch) of the helix d) the size of the capsid protein e) None of the above. Answer: c 19) Enveloped virions assemble and acquire their envelope by which of the following mechanisms? a) The nucleocapsids interact directly with the cytoplasmic tails of the envelope glycoproteins and bud through the cellular membrane. b) The nucleocapsids interact with the matrix protein, which interact with the cytoplasmic tails of the envelope glycoprotein, and the virion buds through the cellular membrane. c) The envelope is assembled de novo around the nucleocapsid by cellular enzymes. d) The virion acquires the envelope after it leaves the host cell from extracellular vesicles. e) Both a and b are used by viruses. Answer: e 20) Viral proteins that assemble between the nucleocapsid and the envelope are called a) matrix proteins b) envelope glycoproteins 13 c) scaffolding proteins d) core proteins e) packaging proteins Question Type: True/False 21) It is possible to get high resolution images of enveloped virus particles using x-ray diffraction. Answer: False 22) Some viruses particles have a rigid capsid surrounding an internal membrane. Answer: True 23) Cryoelectron microscopy uses computer reconstruction of images of multiple virions to produce a high resolution image of a virion or capsid. Answer: True. 24) Viral envelopes often have very different lipid compositions than the cellular membranes that they originate from. Answer: False Question type: Essay 25 ) Describe the concept of “quasi-equivalence” as it applies to icosahedral capsid structure. Answer: Quasi-equivalence describes the situation in icosahedrons with triangulation numbers higher than 1 and that use a single protein to assembly their capsid. In these capsids, the protein must interact in a 5-fold symmetry at the 12 vertices and in a 6-fold symmetry in the hexagonal faces. Therefore its interactions are not always identical but depend on the protein’s location within the capsid. 26) Virions are often described as being energetically “metastable”. What does this mean and why is it important for entry and uncoating of the viral genome into the next host cell? 14 Answer: Virons are described as “metastable” because they are not at their lowest, most stable, energy state. If they were, they would not be able to “pop open” to release the genome in the next host cell. Instead, they are like a “Jack-in-the-box”, primed to spring open and release the genome after some triggering event. The triggering event that causes the virion to open and release the genome is often the interaction with the host cell receptor or some other change, like a drop in pH, that occurs during attachment and entry. Often proteolytic cleavage of a virion protein is involved in setting up the metastable state and “setting the spring” that will eventually allow the virion to pop open. Package Title: Testbank Course Title: Acheson 2nd edition Chapter Number: 03 Question type: Multiple Choice 1) Which of the following types of genomes is most commonly found in viruses that can infect fungi? a) ssDNA b) dsDNA c) ssRNA d) dsRNA e) All of the above are found. Answer: d 2) The name of a virus family in the Latin classification system has which of the following endings? a) -viridae b) -virales c) -virinae d) -virus e) -virusdae Answer: a 3) The family classification scheme for DNA bacteriophages is not very useful for describing the evolutionary relationships between these viruses. What is the best explanation for this? a) DNA bacteriophages can infect more than one host species. b) DNA bacteriophages have a wide variety of virion structures. c) The viral genomes are genetic mosaics due to recombination. d) There are too many bacteriophages to classify into families. e) These viruses do not have an evolutionary relationship to each other. Answer: c 4) Which of the following is a type of nucleic acid NOT found as the genome of a virus that can infect vertebrates? a) ssDNA b) dsDNA c) ssRNA d) dsRNA e) All of the above are found. Answer: e 5) Most viruses that infect plants have the following type of genome? a) ssDNA, positive sense b) ssDNA, negative sense c) ssRNA, positive sense d) ssRNA, negative sense e) None of the above. Answer: c 6) What is a possible explanation for why ssDNA viruses have genomes less that 10kb in size? a) ssDNA is not as physically stable as dsDNA. b) ssDNA is not transcribed by host cells. c) ssDNA can form hairpin structures because of base-pairing. d) Larger pieces of ssDNA can not be replicated. e) Larger pieces of ssDNA can not easily enter the host cell. Answer: a 7) An interesting observation is that many highly pathogenic and deadly human viruses have the following type of genome? a) ssDNA, positive sense b) ssDNA, negative sense c) ssRNA, positive sense d) ssRNA, negative sense e) dsRNA 8) Which of the following virus families have the ability to synthesize reverse transcriptase? a) Retroviruses b) Caulimoviruses c) Hepadnaviruses d) None of the above are correct. e) All of the above are correct. Answer: e 9) What distinguishes a satellite virus from a satellite nucleic acid? a) A satellite virus encodes its own capsid protein while a satellite nucleic acid does not. b) A satellite virus packages its own replication protein while a satellite nucleic acid does not. c) A satellite virus requires a helper virus while a satellite nucleic acid does not. d) Genomes of satellite viruses are smaller than those of satellite nucleic acids. e) Satellite viruses do not encode any proteins while satellite nucleic acids do. Answer: a 10) What is a ribozyme? a) A molecule of RNA that is independently capable of replicating without cellular enzymes. b) A molecule of RNA that codes for an enzyme. c) Another name for a small infectious molecule of RNA d) A virus that uses a small piece of RNA as its genome. e) A molecule of RNA that can carry out an enzymatic process. Answer: e 11) According to the RNA World hypothesis, which of the following subcellular entities may have evolved first? a) Retroviruses b) RNA Viruses c) Viroids d) DNA Viruses e) Bacteriophages 12) According to the RNA World hypothesis, which of the following enzymes may have evolved first? a) DNA-dependent RNA polymerase b) DNA-dependent DNA polymerase c) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase d) RNA-dependent DNA polymerase e) self-replicating RNAs Answer: e 13) Which of the following virus families contains viruses with the longest ssRNA genomes? a) Picornaviruses b) Coronaviruses c) Flaviviruses d) Togaviruses e) Bromoviruses Answer: b 14) What is approximately the largest size of a double-stranded DNA genome of a virus that infect vertebrates? a) 25 kbp. b) 50 kbp c) 100 kbp d) 300 kbp e) 500 kbp Answer: d 15) Almost all of the viruses with positive-strand RNA genomes and enveloped virions infect which group of hosts? a) Bacteria. b) Vertebrates c) Plants d) Fungi e) Algae. 16) Which of the following may be a factor in explaining why viral ssRNA genomes are not usually as long as the dsDNA genomes? a) It is much more difficult to package a large ssRNA genome into a capsid. b) Long ssRNA molecules form too many secondary structures that inhibit replication. c) Long RNA genomes are difficult to translate. d) Long RNA genomes are difficult to transcribe. e) Long pieces of RNA are easily broken by mechanical damage. Answer: e 17) The advantage of using a helical instead of an icosahedral nucleocapsid to package a ssRNA genome is….. a) it is more efficient to envelope a helical nucleocapsid than an icosahedral capsid. b) it is easier to produce a helical nucleocapsid than an icosahedral capsid. c) it better protects the genome from degradation inside the cell. d) it requires a smaller protein to build than an icosahedral capsid. e) it requires fewer copies of the nucleocapsid protein than an icosahedral capsid. Answer: c 18) There are a number of small DNA viruses that are highly dependent on their host cells for transcription and replication enzymes. Which of the following could explain the evolutionary origins of these viruses? a) They originated from fragments of the genomes of larger more independent viruses. b) They originated from intracellular plasmids found in bacteria. c) They originated from the genomes of intracellular organelles, such as mitochondria. d) They originated from fragments of cellular DNA that broke away from the cell genome. e) All of the above could be correct. Answer: d 19) The RNA World hypothesis is supported by the observation that: 19 a) there are viruses that still use RNA as their genomic nucleic acid. b) some viruses can covert RNA to DNA. c) some RNA molecules have enzymatic activity. d) some viruses encode RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. e) All of the above support the RNA World hypothesis. Answer: 20) Which of the following characteristics are NOT one of the most important criterion used to classify viruses into families? a) topology of genome (linear or circular) b) strandedness of genome (double or single stranded) c) type of nucleic acid used in genome (DNA or RNA) d) structure of virion e) species of host infected Answer: e Question Type: True/False 21) There are several types of viruses with enveloped virions that can infect plants. Answer: False 22) Retroviruses are the only virus family known to package two copies of its genome. Answer: True. 23) Viroids do not require a helper virus in order to replicate and cause disease. Answer: True Question type: Essay 24) Why is the type of disease caused not the best criteria to use when classifying a virus? 20 Answer: The disease caused by a specific virus is not usually related to the evolutionary history of that virus. Viruses with very different types of genomes, virion structures, and replication pathways can cause the same type of disease. For example, there are at least 5 different viruses that cause a form of hepatitis in humans and these viruses are in 5 different families. Families, which are based on genome and virion structure, represent evolutionary relationships between viruses. 25) Mimivirus, which infects an amoeba, is the largest known dsDNA virus and has a genome larger than some free living bacteria and archae. Even though it encodes many of its own enzymes and even tRNAs, it still does not produce its own ribosomes. Describe the possible evolutionary origin of such a large and complex viruses. Answer: Mimiviruses, along with poxviruses, are thought to have possibly once been independently replicating cells that lost the ability to make their own ribosomes and took on an intracellular parasitic life style. These viruses are capable of synthesizing and processing their mRNAs using mechanisms very similar to those used by the host cell. Another hypothesis is that they may have been precursors to the eukaryotic cell nucleus by at one point becoming incorporated into a prokaryotic cell. Package Title: Testbank Course Title: Acheson 2nd edition Chapter Number: 04 Question type: Multiple Choice 1) Before the viral genome can be transcribed or replicated in a new host cell it must…. a) be trimmed by cellular nucleases. b) be transported through the receptor mediated endocytosis pathway. c) be processed through the cellular exocytosis pathway. d) enter the host cell nucleus and be bound by cellular histone proteins. e) be uncoated in the appropriate compartment of the correct cell type. Answer: e 2) Unenveloped viruses must get their genome past the hydrophobic cell membrane. Some accomplish this by doing which of the following? a) They cause the plasma membrane to lyse. b) They insert viral proteins into a vesicle membrane. c) They inject their genome into the nucleus via the nuclear pore complex d) They create a pore through the membrane and extrude the genome directly into the cytoplasm e) They create a clatherin coated pit during entry 3) Because of the rigid plant cell wall, the entry of plant viruses is difficult. Which of the following is a description of how plant viruses move between individual cells within in a whole plant? a) They move between cells using plasmodesmata. b) They cause the formation of syncytia. c) They use the receptor mediated endocytosis pathway. d) They rely on insect vectors to transfer virions between the cells in a single host. e) They produce movement proteins that can create holes in the plant cell wall, allowing movement of the virions between cells. Answer: a 4) Which of the following is the best description of a syncytia? a) A cellular structure that viruses us to move within a host cell. b) A fusion of two cells causes by viral envelope glycoproteins. c) A structure between two plant cells that viruses can use for cell to cell movement. d) A vesicle involved in the receptor mediated endocytosis pathway. e) A protein that is involved in the transport of proteins into the nucleus. Answer: b 5) Orthymyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses both bind to which receptor on the surface of which host cells? a) an immunoglobulin family receptor protein b) the CD4 protein c) the carbohydrate sialic acid d) the neuraminidase enzyme e) a multiple membrane spanning transport protein Answer: c 6) Which of the following is an example of a virus that requires two different host cell receptors to complete its entry into the host cell? a) HIV-1 b) Adenovirus c) Polio (picornavirus)

Welcome to the Arduino Workshop, where you'll be able to follow our guided course which covers everything you'll need to know in order to create your own Arduino projects and become a leveled up maker. My name is Sam and along with being a maker myself, I also enjoy teaching others how to use different technology and create amazing projects. Along with the course videos themselves, you can find all of the related course material such as code examples, circuit diagrams, images, and other resources. We'll be working with Arduino so you'll need an Arduino board to follow this course. We'll be introducing many different concepts including working with various types of hardware such as sensors, displays, and general electronics components, and the kit we're using for all of this is the Sparkfun Inventors Kit. If you are not in Australia, you can grab from Sparkfun directly and have it shipped to you almost anywhere in the world. Course Goals: Understand what an Arduino is and how it works Learn how to use an Arduino safely Program your Arduino using code that you've written in the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) Learn programming concepts using C and C++ along with Arduino specific programming Understand best practice concepts for programming and prototyping Use a wide variety of hardware and components and prototype your projects using a breadboard Build your own innovative project with Arduino When you're ready, let's begin the Arduino Workshop! If you run into any issues throughout this workshop, then please reach out to us on our forum. We're full-time makers and are here to help.  Chapter 1: Introduction to Arduino 1.0 Chapter Overview In this chapter you'll learn about: What is Arduino Different types of Arduino boards How does the Arduino Uno board work and why it's so popular What is a microcontroller How to use the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) Powering and connecting your Arduino to your computer Uploading programs to your Arduino board By the end of this chapter, you will have uploaded your first program to your Arduino board to control an LED. 1.1 What is Arduino? In this section, we look at what is Arduino, what it's good for makers, and some of the different types of Arduino boards available. Section Resources: Example Arduino Uno Variations   1.2 What is a Microcontroller? In this section, we'll be looking at what is a microcontroller (the chip at the heart of any Arduino board), an overview of how they work, and how it integrates with the Arduino environment.   1.3 The Arduino Uno In this section, you'll learn about the features and capabilities of the Arduino Uno board, how the layout of the board can affect your project, and why the Uno is such a great all-rounder.   1.4 Arduino IDE and the Language In this section, we'll take a look at the Arduino IDE, which is where you write the code for your Arduino, upload it, and communicate with your board. We'll also cover the programming language that Arduino IDE uses, and where to download it. Section Resources: You can download the Arduino IDE from the Arduino website.   1.5 Powering and Connecting Your Arduino In this section, you'll be learning about the various ways to power your Arduino, and how to connect it up to your computer for uploading your programs, and communicating to the computer using the serial port. Section Resources: Arduino Power Layout   1.6 Hello World Example In the final section of this chapter, we'll talk through using the Arduino IDE to upload your first program to your Arduino board.  Section Resources: Source code for 'Hello World' void setup() { pinMode(13, OUTPUT); //setup pin 13 as an output } void loop() { digitalWrite(13, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH outputs 5V) delay(500); // wait for 500 milliseconds digitalWrite(13, LOW); // turn the LED off (LOW outputs 0V) delay(500); // wait for 500 milliseconds } Chapter 2: Using Inputs and Outputs 2.0 Chapter Overview In this chapter you'll learn about: How to properly structure your code Using variables to write more capable programs Building circuits using a breadboard Reading inputs and controlling outputs using the digital and analog pins Communicating via the serial port By the end of the chapter, you will have created an input interface for your Arduino, using the Serial Monitor to display the data.   2.1 Program Structure In this section, we'll be learning about how to properly structure code using indentations, nested levels, and semicolons. Section Resources: Example Program Structure   2.2 Using Variables In this section, we'll explore the use of variables, which will allow you to write more sophisticated code. Section Resources:   Arduino Reference Datatypes: If you're interested in learning more about the various datatypes that Arduino supports, check out the reference page.     2.3 Building Your First Circuit Using a Breadboard In this section, we'll look at using different components such as LEDs, buttons, jumper wires, resistors, and a breadboard to construct a circuit. Section Resources: Further Reading If you'd like to know more about how electronic components work, check out the Analogue Electronics Crash Course and All About LEDs tutorials for more in-depth information. Wiring Diagram   2.4 Using Digital Pins In this section, we'll learn how to use the digital pins to read inputs and control outputs. Section Resources: Source code for 'LED Button' int buttonPin = 2; int ledPin = 3; void setup() { // setup pin modes pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT_PULLUP); } void loop() { // read state of buttonPin and store it as the buttonState variable int buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin); // write the value of buttonState to ledPin digitalWrite(ledPin, buttonState); }   Wiring Diagram for 'Digital Pins'   2.5 Using Analogue Pins In this section, we'll learn how to use the analog pins to read inputs and control outputs. Section Resources: Source Code for 'Blink Rate Control' int ledPin = 3; int potPin = A0; void setup() { // setup pin modes pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(potPin, INPUT); } void loop() { // read the value of the pot and store it as potValue int potValue = analogRead(potPin); // turn led on and wait for the time equal to potValue digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); delay(potValue); // re-read the value of the pot and store it as potValue potValue = analogRead(potPin); // turn led off and wait for the time equal to potValue digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); delay(potValue); }   Source Code for 'LED Brightness Control' int ledPin = 3; int potPin = A0; void setup() { // setup pin modes pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(potPin, INPUT); } void loop() { // read the value of the pot, divide it by 4, and store it as potValue int potValue = analogRead(potPin) / 4; // turn led on with the value of potValue analogWrite(ledPin, potValue); }   Wiring Diagram for 'Analogue Pins'   2.6 Displaying Information Using the Serial Port In this section, we'll be looking at using the serial port on the Arduino to communicate with a computer via USB. Section Resources: Source Code for 'Serial Monitoring' int ledPin = 3; int buttonPin = 2; int potPin = A0; void setup() { // setup pin modes pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT_PULLUP); pinMode(potPin, INPUT); // initialise serial port with baud rate of 9600 Serial.begin(9600); } void loop() { // read the state of buttonPin and store it as buttonState (0 or 1) int buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin); // read the value of the pot, divide it by 4, and store it as potValue int potValue = analogRead(potPin); int filteredPotValue = potValue / 4; // turn led on with the value of potValue analogWrite(ledPin,filteredPotValue); // print the value of the button Serial.print("Button: "); Serial.print(buttonState); Serial.print(" "); // print the value of the pot Serial.print("Pot: "); Serial.print(potValue); Serial.print(" "); // print the value of the pot / 4 with a line return at the end Serial.print("Pot/4: "); Serial.println(filteredPotValue); } Wiring Diagram for 'Serial Reading' Chapter 3: Decision Making and Using Logic 3.0 Chapter Overview In this chapter you'll learn about: Using 'If' statements Using 'while' loops Using 'for' loops Using 'Switch cases' Using maths in Arduino Creating functions Creating sophisticated code By the end of this chapter, you will have created your very own calculator using different functions, loops, and Serial functions.   3.1 'If' Statements In this section, we'll be looking at using 'If' statements, which are the backbone of decision-making for microcontrollers. Section Resources: Source Code for 'Toggle Switch' // pin definitions int ledPin = 3; int buttonPin = 2; // global variables int toggleState; int lastButtonState = 1; long unsigned int lastPress; int debounceTime = 20; void setup() { // setup pin modes pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT_PULLUP); } void loop() { int buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin); //read the state of buttonPin and store it as buttonState (0 or 1) if((millis() - lastPress) > debounceTime) //if the time between the last buttonChange is greater than the debounceTime { lastPress = millis(); //update lastPress if(buttonState == 0 && lastButtonState == 1) //if button is pressed and was released last change { toggleState =! toggleState; //toggle the LED state digitalWrite(ledPin, toggleState); lastButtonState = 0; //record the lastButtonState } if(buttonState == 1 && lastButtonState == 0) //if button is not pressed, and was pressed last change { lastButtonState = 1; //record the lastButtonState } } } Wiring Diagram for 'Digital Pins'   3.2 'While' Loops In this section, you'll learn about using 'while' loops and how to use them to change the structure of your code. Section Resources: Source Code for 'LED Flash Rate' // pin definitions int ledPin = 3; int buttonPin = 2; // global variables int toggleState; int buttonState =1; void setup() { // setup pin modes pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT_PULLUP); } void loop() { buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin); while(buttonState == 0) { toggleState =! toggleState; digitalWrite(ledPin, toggleState); delay(50); buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin); } toggleState =! toggleState; digitalWrite(ledPin, toggleState); delay(200); } Wiring Diagram for 'LED Flash Rate'   3.3 'For' Loops In this section, you'll look at 'for' loops which you can use to control the flow of your program. Section Resources: Source Code for 'LED Pulse'   // pin definitions int ledPin = 3; // global variables int rampTime = 2; void setup() { // setup pin modes pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); //initialise serial port Serial.begin(9600); } void loop() { // ramp LED brightness up to max for(int i = 0; i<256; i++) { analogWrite(ledPin, i); delay(rampTime); Serial.println(i); } // ramp LED brightness down to 0 for(int i = 255; i>0; i--) { analogWrite(ledPin, i); delay(rampTime); Serial.println(i); } } Wiring Diagram for 'LED Pulse' 3.4 Using 'Switch' Cases In this section, we'll dive into using 'switch' cases to implement comparative lists and outcomes. Section Resources: Source Code for 'Potentiometer Switch Case' // pin definitions int potPin = A0; // declare global variables int lastPotValue; void setup() { // set pin modes pinMode(potPin, INPUT); //initialise Serial port Serial.begin(9600); } void loop() { // read potPin and divide by 255 to give 5 possible readings int potValue = analogRead(potPin) / 255; // if something has changed since last value if(potValue != lastPotValue) { // enter switch case switch(potValue) { case 0: Serial.println("Very Low"); break; case 1: Serial.println("Low"); break; case 2: Serial.println("Moderate"); break; case 3: Serial.println("High"); break; case 4: Serial.println("Extreme"); break; default: Serial.println("error!"); break; } lastPotValue = potValue; } } Wiring Diagram for 'Potentiometer Switch Case'   3.5 Using Maths In this section, we'll look at how to use different mathematic functions and methods in Arduino. Section Resources: Example for 'Maths Functions' x = y + 3; x = y - 7; x = y * 6; x = y / 4;     3.6 Creating Functions In this section, we'll be learning about using and creating your own functions to write modular, reusable code. Section Resources: Source Code for 'Hypotenuse Calculator' *Update 8/1/18: I've updated the sketch for the hypotenuse calculater which is reflected in the code below. It provides rejection for non-integer values and some extra feedback. void setup() { //initialise Serial port Serial.begin(9600); } void loop() { int a; int b; float result; //print instructions, and wait until there is something in the serial buffer Serial.print("Enter a side value: "); while(!Serial.available()); a = readSerial(); if(a == 0) { return; } Serial.print("Enter the other side value: "); while(!Serial.available()); b = readSerial(); if(b == 0) { return; } findSide(a,b); Serial.println(); } //readSerial takes the next integer in the Serial buffer, clears the buffer, then returns it int readSerial() { int i = Serial.parseInt(); //checks if the received value is a valid integer if(i < 1 || (i%1 != 0)) { Serial.println("That isn't a valid integer"); return 0; } Serial.println(i); Serial.parseInt(); return i; } void findSide(int x, int y) { //calculate C squared by A squared + B squared float hypotenuse = sqrt(x*x + y*y); //print out the result Serial.print("Hypotenuse = "); Serial.println(hypotenuse); } Chapter 4: Data Manipulation and EEPROM 4.0 Chapter Overview In this chapter you'll learn about: Using variables within Arrays Using arithmetic, relational, logical, and assignment operators Manipulating data using bit-wise operators and logic Storing information between resets using EEPROM By the end of this chapter, you will have created an LED sequencing display using arrays, operators, and EEPROM storage. 4.1 Arrays In this section, we'll look at using arrays to store data, which allows for more powerful variable manipulation. Section Resources: Source Code for 'LED Sequencer' int ledArray[] = {2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}; int delayTime = 50; void setup() { //initialise ledArray as outputs for(int i = 0; i<10; i++) { pinMode(ledArray[i], OUTPUT); } } void loop() { //turn LEDs on from 0-7 for(int i = 0; i <= 7; i++) { digitalWrite(ledArray[i], HIGH); delay(delayTime); } //turn LEDs off from 7-0 for(int i = 7; i >= 0; i--) { digitalWrite(ledArray[i], LOW); delay(delayTime*5); } }   Wiring Diagram 4.2 Operators In this section, we're going to look at using arithmetic, relational, logical, and assignment operators. These are all used for comparing and evaluating data. Section Resources: Relation Operators Reference x = 4 y = 6 (x == y) false (x != y) true (x > y) false (x < y) true (x >= y) false (x <= y) true   Logical Operators x = 0 y = 1 (x && y) false (x || y) true x = !x x now equals 1 (not 0)   Assignment Operators i += 2 same as i = i+2 i -= 2 same as i = i-2 i *= 2 same as i = i*2 i /= 2 same as i = i/2 4.3 Bit Math In this section, you'll be learning about control individual bits within bytes using bit-wise operators and logic. Section Resources: Bitwise Operator Examples /*This section is a logic reference example. This is not valid code and won't compile on your Arduino //AND x = 0011 0100 y = 0101 1101 x & y = 0001 0100 //OR x = 0011 0100 y = 0101 1101 x | y = 0111 1101 //XOR x = 0011 0100 y = 0101 1101 x ^ y = 0110 1001 //NOT x = 0011 0100 ~x = 1100 1011 y = 0101 1101 ~y = 1010 0010 //SHIFT LEFT x = 0011 0100 x << 2 = 1101 0000 y = 0101 1101 y << 2 = 0111 0100 //SHIFT RIGHT x = 0011 0100 x >> 2 = 0000 1101 y = 0101 1101 y >> 2 = 0001 0111 */   Truth Tables   Source Code for 'AND, OR, XOR Calculator' const int dataPin = 6; const int clockPin = 7; const int latchPin = 8; byte ledMap = 0b11111111; int delayTime = 3000; void setup() { // put your setup code here, to run once: pinMode(dataPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(clockPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(latchPin, OUTPUT); Serial.begin(9600); shiftWrite(0x00); Serial.println("Enter a number between 0-255"); } void loop() { if(Serial.available()) { int inputVal = Serial.parseInt(); if(inputVal > 255) { Serial.println("Uh oh, try again"); Serial.println("Enter a number between 0-255"); return; } Serial.print("DECIMAL: "); Serial.println(inputVal); Serial.print("BINARY: "); Serial.println(inputVal, BIN); Serial.println(); Serial.print("AND result: "); Serial.println(ledMap & inputVal, BIN); shiftWrite(ledMap & inputVal); delay(delayTime); Serial.print("OR result: "); Serial.println(ledMap | inputVal, BIN); shiftWrite(ledMap | inputVal); delay(delayTime); Serial.print("XOR result: "); Serial.println(ledMap ^ inputVal, BIN); shiftWrite(ledMap ^ inputVal); delay(delayTime); Serial.println(); Serial.println("Enter a number between 0-255"); } } void shiftWrite(byte value) { digitalWrite(latchPin, LOW); shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, MSBFIRST, value); digitalWrite(latchPin, HIGH); } Wiring Diagram for 'AND, OR, XOR Calculator' 4.4 EEPROM In this section, we'll learn about storing data in the non-volatile memory known as EEPROM. This allows data to be retained when power is disconnected and accessed later. Section Resources: Source Code for 'EEPROM Counter' #include // pin definitions int ledPin = 13; int buttonPin = 2; // global variables int lastButtonState = 1; long unsigned int lastPress; int debounceTime = 20; int counter; void setup() { // setup pin modes pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT_PULLUP); //initialise Serial port Serial.begin(9600); //assign counter the value of address 0 counter = EEPROM.read(0); //write a 0 to address 0. This allows for consecutive resets to reset the counter EEPROM.write(0,0); } void loop() { int buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin); //read the state of buttonPin and store it as buttonState (0 or 1) if((millis() - lastPress) > debounceTime) //if the time between the last buttonChange is greater than the debounceTime { lastPress = millis(); //update lastPress if(buttonState == 0 && lastButtonState == 1) //if button is pressed and was released last change { counter++; EEPROM.write(0, counter); //write counter to address 0 digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); //momentary LED lastButtonState = 0; //record the lastButtonState //print the results Serial.print("Counter: "); Serial.println(counter); } if(buttonState == 1 && lastButtonState == 0) //if button is not pressed, and was pressed last change { lastButtonState = 1; //record the lastButtonState digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); //momentary LED } } } Wiring Diagram for 'EEPROM Counter' Chapter 5: Libraries, Serial Data, and Hardware 5.0 Chapter Overview In this chapter you'll learn about: Using and including libraries in your projects Using the SPI interface to send/receive serial data Using the I2C interface to send/receive serial data Expanding your project with the Arduino hardware format called 'Shields' 5.1 Using and Including Libraries In this section, we'll be looking at using code modules called 'libraries' which can be used to simplify complex applications. Section Resources: Arduino Library Reference Page Here, you can find Arduino's information page regarding libraries which cover some of the changes for including and adding libraries with different revisions of the Arduino IDE. 5.2 Using SPI In this section, you'll learn how to use the SPI interface to send and receive serial data for interfacing with sensors and other devices. Section Resources: Arduino SPI Port   Source Code for 'SPI LED Shift Register' #include int slaveSelect = 2; int delayTime = 50; void setup() { pinMode(slaveSelect, OUTPUT); SPI.begin(); SPI.setBitOrder(LSBFIRST); } void loop() { for (int i; i < 256; i++) //For loop to set data = 0 then increase it by one for every iteration of the loop, when the counter reaches the condition (256) it will be reset { digitalWrite(slaveSelect, LOW); //Write our Slave select low to enable the SHift register to begin listening for data SPI.transfer(i); //Transfer the 8-bit value of data to shift register, remembering that the least significant bit goes first digitalWrite(slaveSelect, HIGH); //Once the transfer is complete, set the latch back to high to stop the shift register listening for data delay(delayTime); //Delay } }   Wiring Diagram for 'SPI LED Shift Register' 5.3 Using I2C In this section, you'll look at using the I2C interface to send and receive serial data for interfacing with sensors and other devices. Section Resources: I2C Packet Structure   Arduino I2C Port   Source Code for 'Master Reader Arduino Demo (from Arduino)' #include void setup() { Wire.begin(); // join i2c bus (address optional for master) Serial.begin(9600); // start serial for output } void loop() { Wire.requestFrom(8, 6); // request 6 bytes from slave device #8 while (Wire.available()) { // slave may send less than requested char c = Wire.read(); // receive a byte as character Serial.println(c); // print the character } delay(500); }   Source Code for 'Slave Sender Arduino Demo (from Arduino)' #include void setup() { Wire.begin(8); // join i2c bus with address #8 Wire.onRequest(requestEvent); // register event } void loop() { delay(100); } // function that executes whenever data is requested by master // this function is registered as an event, see setup() void requestEvent() { Wire.write("hello "); // respond with message of 6 bytes // as expected by master }   Adafruit RTC Library You can download Adafruit's RTC library which is specifically designed for the DS3231 chip that we'll be using, here.   Wiring Diagram for 'I2C-I2C Arduino Demo'   Source Code for 'RTC Module (from Adafruit)' // Date and time functions using a DS3231 RTC connected via I2C and Wire lib #include #include "RTClib.h" RTC_DS3231 rtc; char daysOfTheWeek[7][12] = {"Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday"}; void setup () { #ifndef ESP8266 while (!Serial); // for Leonardo/Micro/Zero #endif Serial.begin(9600); delay(3000); // wait for console opening if (! rtc.begin()) { Serial.println("Couldn't find RTC"); while (1); } if (rtc.lostPower()) { Serial.println("RTC lost power, lets set the time!"); // following line sets the RTC to the date & time this sketch was compiled rtc.adjust(DateTime(F(__DATE__), F(__TIME__))); // This line sets the RTC with an explicit date & time, for example to set // January 21, 2014 at 3am you would call: // rtc.adjust(DateTime(2014, 1, 21, 3, 0, 0)); } } void loop () { DateTime now = rtc.now(); Serial.print(now.year(), DEC); Serial.print('/'); Serial.print(now.month(), DEC); Serial.print('/'); Serial.print(now.day(), DEC); Serial.print(" ("); Serial.print(daysOfTheWeek[now.dayOfTheWeek()]); Serial.print(") "); Serial.print(now.hour(), DEC); Serial.print(':'); Serial.print(now.minute(), DEC); Serial.print(':'); Serial.print(now.second(), DEC); Serial.println(); Serial.print(" since midnight 1/1/1970 = "); Serial.print(now.unixtime()); Serial.print("s = "); Serial.print(now.unixtime() / 86400L); Serial.println("d"); // calculate a date which is 7 days and 30 seconds into the future DateTime future (now + TimeSpan(7,12,30,6)); Serial.print(" now + 7d + 30s: "); Serial.print(future.year(), DEC); Serial.print('/'); Serial.print(future.month(), DEC); Serial.print('/'); Serial.print(future.day(), DEC); Serial.print(' '); Serial.print(future.hour(), DEC); Serial.print(':'); Serial.print(future.minute(), DEC); Serial.print(':'); Serial.print(future.second(), DEC); Serial.println(); Serial.println(); delay(3000); }   Wiring Diagram for 'RTC Module'   5.4 Interrupts In this section, we'll look at how to use interrupts. You may have heard of them before, and they're a great way to increase your program's efficiency when dealing with hardware inputs. Section Resources: Source Code for 'Interrupt Debouncing' // pin definitions int ledPin = 3; int buttonPin = 2; // global variables int toggleState; int lastButtonState = 1; long unsigned int lastPress; volatile int buttonFlag; int debounceTime = 20; void setup() { // setup pin modes pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT_PULLUP); attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(2), ISR_button, CHANGE); } void loop() { if((millis() - lastPress) > debounceTime && buttonFlag) { lastPress = millis(); //update lastPress if(digitalRead(buttonPin) == 0 && lastButtonState == 1) //if button is pressed and was released last change { toggleState =! toggleState; //toggle the LED state digitalWrite(ledPin, toggleState); lastButtonState = 0; //record the lastButtonState } else if(digitalRead(buttonPin) == 1 && lastButtonState == 0) //if button is not pressed, and was pressed last change { lastButtonState = 1; //record the lastButtonState } buttonFlag = 0; } } void ISR_button() { buttonFlag = 1; } Wiring Diagram for 'Interrupt Debouncing' 5.5 Arduino Shields In this section, we'll be taking a look at using hardware add-on modules known as 'shields'. They're a great way to easily expand your project's capabilities.     Chapter 6: Where to From Here? 6.0 Further Resources It's time to wrap up the Arduino Workshop, so I'm going to recommend a couple of my favourite resources for projects and questions. Arduino Reference Core Electronics Tutorials Hackster.io Forum 6.1 Recommended Arduino Compatible Boards Arduino Due Teensy Circuit Playground Particle Thanks for going on this journey with us, and be sure to share this workshop with a friend if you found it useful!

Leave Your Recipe Card Here for the Bride-to-be to Use Year After Year Sign + Recipe Cards Printable Instant Digital Download Kraft Background + Black and White, or choose your colors • This listing is a PRINTABLE/DIGITAL DOWNLOAD. You will not receive anything in the mail. ★ 60% OFF WHEN YOU BUY 3+ ITEMS ★ • W H A T • Y O U • G E T • • PDF 2 cards per page with a Kraft background (print this on white paper) • PDF 2 cards per page with a white background (print this on Kraft paper or colored card stock) - Card size is 4x6". Crop marks for easy cutting. • PDF 8x10 sign with a Kraft background (print this on white paper) • PDF 8x10 sign with a white background (print this on Kraft paper or colored card stock) - Please message me if your size is not listed and I'll gladly provide the size you need. • P E R S O N A L I Z A T I O N • • COLORS Choose your TEXT COLORS! Refer to the color chart in the listing and message me with your color choice. (Ex. Pink and Gold) Please do not leave notes on the order. I will not see them since this is an instant download. • TEXT/WORDING Want to change the TEXT/WORDING? Simply add this listing to your order and add your personalized text in the personalization box. https://hellorosepaperie.etsy.com/listing/267066235 • SIZES Please message me if your size is not listed and I'll gladly provide the size you need. • MATCHING GAMES https://www.etsy.com/shop/hellorosepaperie?ref=l2-shopheader-name&search_query=kraft+game All games and signs in the shop can be made in the kraft design. • MATCHING SIGNS https://www.etsy.com/shop/hellorosepaperie?ref=profile_shopname&search_query=kraft+sign All games and signs in the shop can be made in the kraft design. • O R D E R • P R O C E S S • 1. Purchase the listing 2. Click here to download your file: https://www.etsy.com/your/purchases 3. Print at home or a print store • P R O C E S S I N G • T I M E • This is for an instant download. If you require changes to color or text, message me after you place the order and I'll send you a new pdf. Your instant download will come as shown and will not have any edits. I'll send you the new pdf within 1-2 days after you have messaged me here. Message me for a rush order. • H O W • T O • D O W N L O A D • • Your instant download(s) can be found under Purchases https://www.etsy.com/your/purchases • You can't download a digital purchase through the Etsy app at this time. To download a digital file, please sign in to Etsy on your mobile browser or computer. If you do not have access to either, please message me and I'll email your file. • If your payment is still processing, the Download Files button will be gray. • If you are unable to locate your order, please click here for additional help: https://help.etsy.com/hc/en-us/articles/115013328108?segment=shopping • W H E R E • T O • P R I N T • • YOUR HOME PRINTER (PDF) For home printing, I recommend printing on a card stock size 8.5x11 (or any other size your home printer supports). Make sure your printer settings are at 100% Scale and Best Quality. Use a paper cutter for a nice, clean edge. If you print on copy paper, I recommend a bright, white paper. Copy paper is acceptable for framed prints, but card stock is recommended. Copy paper is perfect for test printing. For prints larger than 8x10, you may need to have it professionally printed at any of the places below. • PRINTS OF LOVE https://printsoflove.com/ref/hellorosepaperie.com Promo code HELLOPRINT10 For professional printing, I recommend Prints of Love. They offer high-quality prints and amazing customer service! If printing with Prints of Love, please message me to ensure that you receive the correct print format for their website. Some sizes require a bleed. Upload your print file to the Prints of Love website and they will print and ship directly to you! Use promo code HELLOPRINT10 at checkout to receive 10% off your order. • YOUR LOCAL OFFICE SUPPLY PRINT STORE / COPY CENTER • Office Max / Office Depot • Fedex Kinkos • Staples • Costco • Shutterfly • YOUR LOCAL PHOTO LAB • Walgreens • CVS • Walmart • R E T U R N • P O L I C Y • • There are no refunds on instant download purchases. Please be certain you want to purchase an item before doing so and be sure to proof your design before printing. • © Copyright Hello Rose Paperie. Please do not copy or replicate items seen in the shop or any part of the description. Thank you for supporting small businesses like mine! ❤ Brenda Hello Rose Paperie

You pick - 70's & 80's Rock/Pop Vinyl Records LP - Many Titles - Cars, Police. Greatest Hits. The Beatles' Story (2LP music & interviews). 1967-1970 (blue album) (2). 1967-1970 (blue album). 1962-1967 (red album) (2). 1962-1966 (red album). Beatles, The. Surfer Girl. Select your title from the pull down menu, and add to cart. Shipping is $5 and $1 for each additional item added to your cart. All items must be purchased in one transaction to qualify for this shipping deal. Individual transactions will be $5 shipping each. Please note the album & cover grades before purchasing. A VG+ is a great album that will look fairly fantastic. A G+ album is going to look very well worn and used. The first code refers to the disk, the second to the cover. Because these are used records, any cover not rated NM will show wear. Additionally, I sell hundreds of records - more than I have the ability to photograph. The album you receive may not be the one photographed. Click on my seller name to see more listings featuring vinyl from other genres/decades. To combine shipping on multiple listings, please add all to your cart and then "request invoice" or "request price." I'll adjust and send back to you for payment.  All in stock items will appear in the pull down menu above. The list below is an "all-time" list, which allows me to quickly restock titles that have previously sold out without having to manually re-enter each on the spreadsheet - meaning they aren't deleted from the spreadsheet when they sell. You can refer to this list to see notes on any in stock items from the pull down menu. Thank you! Artist Last Artist First/Secondary Title Media/Cover Grade Price .38 Special .38 Special .38 Special Rockin Into the Night Special Forces Strength in Numbers VG+/VG VG+/VG VG+/VG $5.00 $10.00 $10.00 Abba Abba Abba Abdul Abdul Abdul Abdul AC/DC Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams Aerosmith Aerosmith Aerosmith Paula Paula Paula Paula Bryan Bryan Bryan Bryan Bryan Bryan Bryan Bryan Bryan Bryan The Album Greatest Hits Voulez-Vous (two rips in cover) Cold Hearted 12 inch SINGLE Forever Your Girl (shrink hype) Forever Your Girl 12 inch SINGLE Straight Up 12 inch SINGLE Back in Black (scratches, no skips) Bryan Adams Cuts Like a Knife Cuts Like a Knife (1) Cuts Like a Knife (2) Cuts Like a Knife (3) Into the Fire Into the Fire (1) Reckless Reckless (1) You Want It, You Got It Greatest Hits Rock in a Hard Place (tears on cover) Rocks VG+/VG VG+/VG VG+/VG VG+/VG VG+/VG+ VG+/VG VG+/VG VG/VG- VG+/VG NM/VG+ NM/VG VG+/VG VG/VG NM/VG NM/VG VG+/VG VG+/VG VG+/VG VG+/VG VG/VG- VG/VG $10.00 $15.00 $15.00 $12.00 $25.00 $10.00 $10.00 $18.00 $12.00 $15.00 $12.00 $10.00 $8.00 $8.00 $12.00 $10.00 $10.00 $7.00 $16.00 $10.00 $7.00 Air Supply Air Supply Air Supply Air Supply Greatest Hits Greatest Hits (1) Greatest Hits (2) Greatest Hits (3) NM/VG VG+/VG+ VG+/VG VG/VG $14.00 $14.00 $12.00 $10.00 Air Supply Air Supply Air Supply Air Supply Air Supply Air Supply Alan Parsons Project Alan Parsons Project Alice Cooper Allman Allman and Woman Allman Brothers Band Allman Brothers Band Allman Brothers Band Duane Cher, Greg Allman Lost In Love Now and Forever Now and Forever (1) Now and Forever (2) The One That You Love (1) The One That You Love (2) Eye in the Sky Tales of Mystery and Imagination - EA Poe Greatest Hits An Anthology (cover taped on 3 sides) Two The Hard Way At Fillmore East (2LP) Enlightened Rogues Win Lose or Draw VG+/VG VG+/VG+ VG+/VG VG/VG VG+/VG VG/VG VG+/VG NM/VG VG/VG VG/VG- VG+/VG VG+/VG VG/+ / VG VG+/VG $10.00 $12.00 $10.00 $8.00 $10.00 $8.00 $15.00 $15.00 $18.00 $10.00 $25.00 $30.00 $14.00 10.00 Armatrading Joan Back to the Night VG+/VG $5.00 Armatrading Joan Secrets VG+/VG+ $3.00 Armatrading Joan Show Some Emotion VG+/VG+ $5.00 Armatrading Joan Track Record VG+/VG $5.00 Armatrading Joan Walk Under Ladders VG+/VG+ $5.00 Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia Aviance Aviary Kevin Alpha (1) Alpha (2) Astra Asia (1) Asia (2) Din Da Da 12 Inch SINGLE Aviary VG+/VG VG/VG VG+/VG VG+/VG VG/VG VG/VG VG+/VG $10.00 $8.00 $10.00 $12.00 $10.00 $10.00 $10.00 B52's The B-52's (1) NM/VG $25.00 B52's The B-52's (2) VG/+ / VG $20.00 B52's B52's Whammy! Wild Planet VG+/VG VG+/VG $18.00 $15.00 Bad Company Bad Company Bad Manners Bananarama Bananarama Bananarama Bananarama Bananarama Bananarama Bananarama Bangles Bangles Bangles Bangles Bangles Basie Count Desolation Angels Rough Diamonds Forging Ahead A Trick of the Night 12 inch SINGLE Bananarama Greatest Hits (in shrink) More than Physical 12 inch SINGLE True Confessions Venus 12 inch SINGLE Wow! Everything Different Light (1) Different Light (2) Walk Like an Egyptian 12 inch SINGLE Walk Like an Egyptian 12 inch SINGLE (1) Count Basie Swings & Joe Williams Sings VG+/VG NM/VG+ VG+/VG VG+/VG VG+/VG NM/VG+ VG+/VG VG/VG VG+/VG NM/VG VG+/VG VG+/VG VG/VG VG+/VG VG/VG VG+/VG $8.00 $15.00 $15.00 $10.00 $18.00 $30.00 $10.00 $10.00 $10.00 $15.00 $25.00 $18.00 $15.00 $10.00 $8.00 $5.00 Basil Basil Beach Boys, The Beach Boys, The Beach Boys, The Beach Boys, The Beach Boys, The Beach Boys, The Beach Boys, The Tony Tony Word of Mouth Word of Mouth (1) 15 Big Ones Endless Summer (2LP) Endless SUmmer (2LP) Good Vibrations The Best of the Beach Boys Smiley Smile (RARE) Spirit of America (2LP) Surfer Girl VG+/VG VG/VG VG+/VG VG+/VG VG/VG VG+/VG VG/VG VG+/VG VG/VG $12.00 $10.00 $15.00 $12.00 $10.00 $10.00 $30.00 $15.00 $10.00 Beatles, The Beatles, The Beatles, The Beatles, The Beatles, The Beatles, The Beatles, The Beatles, The Bee Gee's Bee Gee's Benatar Benatar Pat Pat 1962-1966 (red album) 1962-1967 (red album) (2) 1967-1970 (blue album) 1967-1970 (blue album) (2) Abbey Road The Beatles' Story (2LP music & interviews) Greatest Hits Sergeant Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band Here at Last...LIVE (2LP) Sergeant Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band Crimes of Passion (1) Crimes of Passion (2) VG+/VG VG/VG VG+/VG VG/VG VG/VG VG+/VG NM/VG+ VG+/VG VG+/VG VG/VG VG+/VG VG/VG $27.00 $25.00 $25.00 $20.00 $20.00 $20.00 $40.00 $30.00 $15.00 $10.00 $10.00 $7.00 Benatar Benatar Benatar Benatar Benatar Pat Pat Pat Pat Pat Get Nervous (1) Get Nervous (2) In the Heat of the Night Live From Earth (1) Live From Earth (2) VG+/VG VG/VG VG+/VG VG+/VG VG/VG $10.00 $7.00 $10.00 $10.00 $8.00 Benatar Pat Precious Time (1) VG/VG $7.00 Benatar Benatar Bennett Bennett Berlin Berlin Berlin Berlin Big Brother & Hold. Co. Big Three, The Bikini Kill Biz Markie Black Sabbath Blood Sweat and Tears Pat Pat Tony & Count Basie Tony & Count Basie Janice Joplin Mama Cass Precious Time (2) Tropico In Person! Bennett & Basie Best of Berlin Count Three and Pray Love Life Pleasure Vision Cheap Thrills (top seam split on cover) The Big 3 (in shrink) Bikini Kill (with inserts) Just a Friend 12 inch SINGLE Master of Reality (scuffs, 1 skip; cover taped) Greatest Hits VG+/VG VG+/VG VG/VG VG/VG+ NM/VG VG/VG VG/VG VG+/VG VG/VG VG/VG VG+/VG+ VG/VG G+/G+ VG+/VG $8.00 $10.00 $10.00 $7.00 $45.00 $12.00 $7.00 $12.00 $15.00 $10.00 $20.00 $10.00 $15.00 $10.00 Blondie AutoAmerican (1) VG+/VG $20.00 Blondie Blondie Blondie Blondie Blondie Blondie Blood of Abraham Blue Angel Blues Brothers Blues Brothers Blues Brothers Blues Brothers BoDeans Cyndi Lauper AutoAmerican (2) Best of Blondie (in shrink) Eat to the Beat Heart of Glass 12 inch SINGLE (generic cover) Parallel Lines (1) Parallel Lines (2) (pops, no skips) Future Profits Blue Angel (In shrink w/ hype sticker) Best of the Blues Brothers (in shrink w/ hype) Blues Brothers (1) Blues Brothers (2) Made in America Love & Hope & Sex & Dreams VG/VG NM/VG+ VG/VG VG/VG VG+/VG VG/VG NM/NM NM/VG+ NM/VG/+ VG+/VG VG/VG VG+/VG VG+/VG $18.00 $28.00 $8.00 $15.00 $25.00 $20.00 $45.00 $35.00 $15.00 $18.00 $14.00 $15.00 $10.00 Bon Jovi Bon Jovi Bon Jovi Bon Jovi Bongos, The Boomtown Rats, The Boston Boston Boston Boston Boston Boston Box of Frogs Bowie Bowie Bowie Bowie Bowie Bowie Bowie Bread Bread Bread Bread Bread Bread Bread Breaks, The Brown Brown Brown Browne Browne Browne Brubeck Brubeck Byrds, The Byrds, The Byrds, The Byrds, The Byrds, The Buckingham Butterfield David David David David David David David & Pat M. Bobby Bobby Bobby Jackson Jackson Jackson Dave Dave Lindsey Paul 7800 Degrees Fahrenheit Bon Jovi New Jersey Slippery When Wet (shrink w/ hype) Beat Hotel A Tonic for the Troops Boston (2) Boston Boston (3) Don't Look Back (1) Don't Look Back (2) Third Stage Box of Frogs Changes One Diamond Dogs (gatefold) Let's Dance 12 inch SINGLE Young Americans (top of cover split) Space Oddity Never Let Me Down This is Not America 12 inch SINGLE Baby I'm-A Want You Best of Bread (SEALED) Best of Bread (in shrink) Best of Bread (1) Best of Bread (2) Guitar Man Lost Without Your Love The Breaks (SEALED) King of Stage My Perogative 12 inch SINGLE On Our Own 12 inch SINGLE (Ghostbusters II) Hold Out (in shrink) The Pretender (in shrink) Running on Empty At Storyville: 1954 Time Changes Original Singles 1965-1967 Vol 1 (Untitled) (Untitled) Greatest Hits (in shrink) Turn! Turn! Turn! Law and Order North South (Promo) VG+/VG VG+/VG VG/VG NM/VG+ NM/VG VG+/VG VG+/VG VG+/VG- VG/VG VG+/VG VG/VG VG+/VG VG+/VG VG+/VG NM/VG+ VG/VG VG+/VG- VG/VG NM/VG+ VG/VG VG+/VG NM/VG+ VG+/VG+ VG+/VG VG/VG VG+/VG VG/+ / VG NM/VG VG+/VG VG+/VG VG/VG VG+/VG+ VG+/VG VG+/VG VG/VG- VG+/VG VG+/VG VG+/VG VG+/VG VG+/VG VG+/VG VG/VG VG+/VG $18.00 $25.00 $22.00 $28.00 $8.00 $15.00 $18.00 $15.00 $15.00 $14.00 $12.00 $15.00 $15.00 $20.00 $30.00 $12.00 $20.00 $20.00 $12.00 $10.00 $8.00 $25.00 $12.00 $10.00 $8.00 $10.00 $8.00 $18.00 $10.00 $10.00 $10.00 $10.00 $8.00 $10.00 $5.00 $15.00 $12.00 $15.00 $12.00 $15.00 $10.00 $8.00 $15.00 C+C Music Factory C+C Music Factory Captain & Tennille Cara Carlisle Carlisle Carlisle Cars, The Irene Belinda Belinda Belinda Gonna Make You Sweat 12 inch SINGLE Here We Go SEALED SINGLE Greatest Hits Flashdance...What A Feeling 12 inch SINGLE Heaven on Earth Heaven is a Place on Earth 12 inch SINGLE Mad About You 12 inch SINGLE Candy-O (1) VG+/

" Alufelgen Felgen passend für Volkswagen Scirocco 13 Borbet DB8GT 8.5J x 18 5/112 ET 35 graphite rim polsihed Alufelgen 18 Zoll passend für Volkswagen Scirocco, Typ 13 inklusive ABE / TüV-Gutachten fahrzeugbezogen. Gerne auch vorab per Mail. Renommierter Hersteller. Rechnung mit ausgewiesener MwSt. 24 Monate gesetzliche Gewährleistung Persönliche und telefonische Beratung unseres Teams, auch nach dem Kauf Hochwertige Aluminiumfelgen mit Mehrschichtlackierung Borbet DB8GT 8.5J x 18 5/112 ET 35 graphite rim polsihed passend für folgende Fahrzeuge: Hersteller Typ Motorisierung KW / PS ccm Baujahr VW Scirocco 2.0 TDI 100 / 136 1968 ab 2010/11 bis 2017/11 VW Scirocco 2.0 TDI 103 / 140 1968 ab 2008/08 bis 2017/11 VW Scirocco 1.4 TSI 118 / 160 1390 ab 2008/05 bis 2017/11 VW Scirocco 2.0 TDI 125 / 170 1968 ab 2009/05 bis 2017/11 VW Scirocco 2.0 TDI 130 / 177 1968 ab 2013/01 bis 2017/11 VW Scirocco 2.0 TSI 147 / 200 1984 ab 2008/05 bis 2009/11 VW Scirocco 2.0 TSI 155 / 210 1984 ab 2009/11 bis 2017/11 VW Scirocco 1.4 356032170066 https://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/4MsAAOSwUj5m4GX1/s-l1600.jpg https://www.ebay.de/itm/356032170066?norover=1&siteid=77&mkevt=1&mkcid=16&chn=psoc 1148.0 EUR 4x Alufelgen Borbet Db8gt Für Volkswagen Scirocco 13 18 Zoll Felgen Auto & Motorrad > Teile > Autoteile & Zubehör > Autoreifen & Felgen > Felgen 008 new BORBET in stock Funktion:1. Langlebig mit hochwertigem Chip und zuverlässigem ABS-Material. 2. Zerstörungsfreie Installation, einfach zu installieren und auszutauschen. 3. Keine Dekodierung erforderlich, direkte Installation, ein perfekter Ersatz. 4. Die Oberfläche ist glatt und fühlt sich angenehm an, passt perfekt. 5. Die OEM-Nummer lautet 0045455913 und passt für ATEGO 3. Spezifikation: Zustand: 100 % nagelneu Artikeltyp: Fensterheberschalter Material: ABS Farbe: Wie im Bild gezeigt OEM: 0045455913 Ersetzen OEM: Passend für 001 545 12 04 Passend für 001 545 59 13 Passend für 002 545 59 13 Passend für 003 545 59 13 Passend für 004 545 59 13 Passend für 005 545 28 13 Passend für A001 545 12 04 Passend für A001 545 59 13 Passend für A002 545 59 13 Passend für - A003 545 59 13 Passend für A004 545 59 13 Passend für A005 545 28 13 Passend: Passend für ATEGO 3 Passend für ATEGO 2 Passend für AXOR 2 Paketliste:1 x Fensterheberschalter Unser Listenpreis umfaßt den Wert von Waren, Verpackung Kosten und Export Steuern, nicht eins 405396213749 https://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/0BcAAOSwwSRnTnSS/s-l1600.jpg https://www.ebay.de/itm/405396213749?norover=1&siteid=77&mkevt=1&mkcid=16&chn=psoc 30.83 EUR Auto Fensterheber Schalter Ersatz Zubehör Fit Für Atego 0045455913 Auto & Motorrad > Teile > Autoteile & Zubehör > Innenausstattung > Schalter, Kontrollelemente & Zündschlösser 008 new No-Name in stock Edelpullover aus Feinstrick in 55% Seide 45% Cashmere, kuschelweiches Tragegefühl durch Seide und Cashmere, Das hochwertige Material ist superleicht auf der Haut,  trotzdem warm. Es fühlt sich herrlich weich an auf der Haut und gibt einen mäßigen eleganten Schimmer durch den Seidenanteil. Der Pulli hat am Vorderteil asymmeitrsche Kastenmuster in der Farbkombination korallerot/braun. Rückenteil und Ärmeln in der Farbe Korallerot. Rundhalsausschnitt, Ausschnitttiefe ca. 13 cm, Ausschnittbreite ca. 19 cm, ideal auch als Unterziehpullover zum Blazer Gr. L/40: Länge ca. 61 cm, Oberweite 48 cm. 160 g Gr. XL/42: Länge ca. 62 cm, Oberweite 51 cm. 165 g Hochwertige fully fashion Verarbeitung. Pflegehinweis: Handwäsche, Maschinenwäsche Wollwaschgang auch möglich Originalverkaufspreis: 129,90 EUR Neuware! Räumungspreis 235736798369 https://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/wnQAAOSw6~VZ1K1~/s-l1600.jpg https://www.ebay.de/itm/235736798369?norover=1&siteid=77&mkevt=1&mkcid=16&chn=psoc 62.0 EUR Damen Rundhals Pulli Seide Kaschmir Fb. Rot / Braun Gr. 40 42 Räumungsverkauf Kleidung & Accessoires > Damen > Damenmode > Pullover & Strick 008 new Bekleidung & Accessoires > Bekleidung lychee by schinfu in stock Lenovo Displaykabel mit einem LED eDP 30-Pin Anschluss, als Verbindung zwischen Display und Mainboard passend für ihr Notebook Notebook- Ersatzteile, Akkus, Netzteile und mehr Kontakt Lenovo Displaykabel mit einem LED eDP 30-Pin Anschluss, als Verbindung zwischen Display und Mainboard passend für ihr Notebook Weitere Ersatzteil Nummern: DC02C00BZ10, DC02C00BZ00, 01YN072 Allgemeine Daten: Zustand: Neu Technische Daten: Kabelanschluss: LED eDP 30-Pin Auflösung: 1920x1080 Full-HD Für Full HD Auflösung Ersatzteil bei folgendem Fehlerbild: Sporadische oder permanente Bilddarstellungsfehler, je nach Neigungswinkel des Displays, evtl. können auch Farbveränderungen festgestellt werden. Keine Funktion des Displays, externer Monitor funktioniert ohne Probleme. (evtl. auch Display) Warum bei IPC-Computer bestellen? Wir sind sauschnell Niemand möchte lange auf dringend benötigte Ersatzteile warten. Deswegen versenden wir Lagerware noch am gleichen Werktag, wenn die Bestellung und Zahlungsabwicklung vor 14:00 durchgeführt 176106096986 https://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/kOcAAOSw0TJlfNMf/s-l1600.jpg https://www.ebay.de/itm/176106096986?norover=1&siteid=77&mkevt=1&mkcid=16&chn=psoc 48.5 EUR Lenovo Sc10l66844 Original Displaykabel Led Edp 30-pin Computer, Tablets & Netzwerk > Computer-Komponenten & -Teile > Notebook-Ersatzteile > Sonstige 007 new Elektronik > Elektronisches Zubehör > Computerkomponenten > Laptopteile > Laptop-Ersatzkabel Lenovo in stock EN Please review all photos and confirm that part numbers (OEM) and any visible scratches or damages match your requirements before purchasing DE Bitte überprüfen Sie alle Fotos und bestätigen Sie, dass die Teilenummern (OEM) und alle sichtbaren Kratzer oder Schäden Ihren Anforderungen entsprechen, bevor Sie kaufen Status: Used Brand: FOR - Honda Model: Jazz Specification: (Jazz, 2001.12 - 2005.04) Year: 2005 Type of fuel: Other Engine capacity: 0 Parts codes: used Genuine EuroImpex code: EIS736203 EN Honda Jazz (Jazz, 2001.12 - 2005.04) Emergency Third Brake Light (Third Brake Light) used Genuine EIS736203 DE Honda Jazz (Jazz, 2001.12 - 2005.04) zusatzbremsleuchte Bremsleuchte used Genuine EIS736203 FR Honda Jazz (Jazz, 2001.12 - 2005.04) 3EME FEUX DE STOP used Genuine EIS736203LT Honda Jazz (Jazz, 2001.12 - 2005.04) Papildomas stop zibintas used Genuine EIS736203 RU Honda Jazz (Jazz, 2001.12 - 2005.04) фонарь задний (стоп сигнал) used Genuine EIS736203 405374757942 https://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/GRkAAOSwLixnQV69/s-l1600.jpg https://www.ebay.de/itm/405374757942?norover=1&siteid=77&mkevt=1&mkcid=16&chn=psoc 17.5 EUR Honda Jazz 2005 Emergency Third Brake Light (third Brake Light) Us 736203-36 Auto & Motorrad > Teile > Autoteile & Zubehör > Beleuchtung > Rück- & Bremsleuchten 007 used Fahrzeuge & Teile > Fahrzeugersatzteile & -zubehör > Kfz-Teile > Kfz-Beleuchtung Honda in stock Verwandter Heißer Verkauf 2 pcs Krankenschwester Taschenuhr Fob Uhr Hängen Uhr EUR 10.99 1 Set Handy-Kamera-Objektiv Weitwinkel Objektiv Telefon Kamera Objektiv Fisheye EUR 4.78 Herz kubische Bauchringe Bauchnabelring dangle belly button heart rings for EUR 5.98 frauen kopfschmuck Braut Kopfschmuck Braut Kamm Haar Stück Braut Haar EUR 5.18 10pcs Abzeichen annähen Eisen Auf Bestickt Kleidung Löcher Welpen Pfote Eisen EUR 6.55 Wandtattoo Spinne Halloween-Computeraufkleber Halloween Fenster EUR 8.69 | Baby | | Bücher & Zeitschriften | | Business & Industrie | | Foto & Camcorder | | Kleidung & Accessoires | | Sammeln & Seltenes | | Computer, Tablets & Netzwerk | | Bastel- & Künstlerbedarf | | Möbel & Wohnen | | Uhren & Schmuck | | Handys & Kommunikation | | TV, Video & Audio | | Sport | | Spielzeug | | PC- & Videospiele | | Beauty & Gesundheit | Produktbeschreibung Das Sammeln von Listings hat Überraschungen Beschreibung Mit zartem Stil kann es Ihr Zuhause eleganter aussehen lassen. 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her dose of ibuprofen (Motrin) from 400 mg 3 times day (TID) to 800 mg TID. She is still in pain and would like something stronger. Which of the following statements is the best explanation of the effects of ibuprofen (Motrin) on her disease? A) It increases the chances of adverse effects to her health B) It inhibits the effect of renal prostaglandins and blunts the effectiveness of the diuretic C) It prolongs the therapeutic effects of hydrochlorothiazide and other diuretics D) None of the statements are true correct answer- B) It inhibits the effect of renal prostaglandins and blunts the effectiveness of the diuretic. NSAIDs and ASA inhibit the vasodilatory effects of prostaglandins, which predisposes the kidney to ischemia. NSAIDs and diuretics can cause acute prerenal failure by decreasing renal blood flow. 2. All of the following are infections that affect mostly the labia and vagina except: A) Bacterialvaginosis B) Candidiasis C) Trichomoniasis D) Chlamydia trachomatis correct answer- D) Chlamydia trachomatis Infections that commonly affect the labia and vagina include bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, and trichomoniasis. Chlamydia trachomatis commonly affects the cervix, endometrial lining , fallopian tubes, and pelvic cavity. The nurse practitioner would test the obturator and iliopsoas muscle to evaluate for: A) Cholecystitis B) Acute appendicitis C) Inguinal hernia D) Gastriculcer correct answer- B) Acute appendicitis. Signs and symptoms of an acute abdomen include invol- untary guarding, rebound tenderness, boardlike abdomen, and a positive obtu- rator and psoas sign. A positive obturator sign occurs when pain is elicted by internal rotation of the right hip from 90 degrees hip/knee flexion. The psoas sign is positive when pain occurs with passive extension of the thigh while the patient is lying on his/her side with knees extended, or when pain occurs with active flexion of his/her thigh at the hip. Treatment for mild preeclampsia includes all of the following except: A) Bed rest except for bathroom privileges B) Close monitoring of weight and blood pressure C) Close follow-up of urinary protein, serum creatinine, and platelet count D) A prescription of methyldopa (Aldomet) to control blood pressure correct answer- D) A prescription of methyldopa (Aldomet) to control blood pressure Recommended care for women diagnosed with preeclampsia includes bed rest with bath- room privileges, weight and BP monitoring, and closely following urine protein and serum protein, creatinine, and platelet counts. Oral medications are not used as first-line treatment. All of the following services are covered under Medicare Part A except: A) Inpatienthospitalizations B) Medicines administered to a patient while hospitalized C) Nursing home care D) Surgeons correct answer- C) Nursing home care Medicare A coverage includes inpatient hospitalization and skilled care given in a certified skilled nursing facility. Most nursing home care is custodial care (help with bathing, dressing, using a bathroom, and eating). This care is not covered by Medicare A. A 28-year-old student is seen in the school health clinic with complaints of a hacking cough that is productive of small amounts of sputum and a runny nose. He does not take any medications, denies any allergies, and has no significant medical history. Physical examination reveals a low-grade temperature of 99.9 degrees Fahrenheit, respirations of 16/min, a pulse of 90 beats per minute, and diffuse fine crackles in the base of the lungs. A chest radiograph (x-ray) shows diffuse infiltrates on the lower lobe of the right lung. The total white blood cell count is 10,500/uL. What is the most likely diagnosis? A) Streptococcal pneumonia B) Mycoplasma pneumonia C) Acute bronchitis D) Legionnaires disease correct answer- B) Mycoplasma pneumonia Mycoplasma pneumonia is the organism most com- monly seen in children and young adults. It is easily spread from droplets, from sneezing and coughing, in close proximity. Diagnosis is based on symptoms and x-ray results of infiltrates in lower lobes. A 39-year-old migrant worker presents to the clinic 2.5 days after a purified protein derivative (PPD) test. What minimum size of induration would be considered posi- tive for this patient? A) 3 mm B) 5 mm C) 10 mm D) 15 mm correct answer- C) 10 mm The PPD is administered on the volar aspect of the lower arm and read 48 hours after the test is given. The PPD result must have induration and measure 10 mm or greater to be positive in a low-risk patient. Induration (firmness with palpation) must be present. If the site has erythema but no induration, result would be negative. Color is not important. All of the following are correct statements regarding the role of the person named in a durable power of attorney except: A) The agent's decisions are legally binding B) The agent can make decisions in other areas of the patient's life such as financial issues C) The agent can decide for the patient who is on life support when that life support can be terminated D) The patient's spouse has a right to override the agent's decisions correct answer- D) The patient's spouse has a right to override the agent's decisions The person named in a durable power of attorney (the agent) is designated by the patient to make all medical decisions, as well as any decisions regarding the patient's private affairs in the event that the patient becomes incompetent and unable to make his/her own decisions. No one has the ability to override the agent's decision. All of the following are true statements regarding Munchausen syndrome except: A) It is considered a mental illness B) The patient has a medical illness that causes an anxiety reaction and denial C) The patient fakes an illness in order to gain attention from health care providers D) The patient has an inconsistent medical history along with a past history of frequent hospitalizations correct answer- B) The patient has a medical illness that causes an anxiety reaction and denial Munchausen syndrome is a psychiatric disorder in which the patient fakes a medical illness or disorder to gain attention from health care provid- ers. These patients commonly use the emergency department frequently to gain attention. Which of the following antihypertensive medications should the nurse practitioner avoid when treating patients with emphysema? A) Calcium channel blockers B) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors C) Beta-blockers D) Diuretics correct answer- C) Beta-blockers Beta-blockers should be avoided in patients with a history of emphysema. Studies have shown evidence of a reduction in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), increased airway hyperresponsiveness, and inhibition of bronchodilator response to beta agonists in patients receiving non-selective beta- blockers and high doses of cardioselective beta-blockers. A 30-year-old chef complains of pruritic hives over her chest and arms but denies difficulty swallowing or breathing. She reports a family history of allergic rhinitis and asthma. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate? A) Perform a complete and thorough history B) Prescribe an oral antihistamine such as diphenhydramine 25 mg PO QID C) Give an injection of epinephrine 1:1000 intramuscularly stat D) Call 911 correct answer- A) Perform a complete and thorough history Prior to prescribing medications, a complete and thorough history must be performed to determine possible causes of hives. The patient denied difficulty with swallowing and breathing, so there was no medical emergency to require calling 911. Which of the following findings is most likely in young primigravidas with pregnancy-induced hypertension? A) Abdominal cramping and constipation B) Edema of the face and the upper extremities C) Shortness of breath D) Dysuria and frequency correct answer- B) Edema of the face and the upper extremities Common signs and symptoms of pregnancy-induced hypertension include edema of the face and the upper extremities, weight gain, blurred vision, elevated BP, proteinuria, and headaches. Which of the following symptoms is associated with B12 deficiency anemia? A) Spoon-shaped nails and pica B) An abnormal neurological exam C) A vegan diet D) Tingling and numbness of both feet correct answer- D) Tingling and numbness of both feet Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia can cause nerve cell damage if not treated. Symptoms of B12 deficiency anemia may include tingling or numbness in fingers and toes, difficulty walking, mood changes or depression, memory loss, disorientation, and dementia. A second triple screen on a 35-year-old primigravida reveals abnormally low lev- els of the alpha fetoprotein and estriol and high levels of human chorionic gonad- otropin. Which of the following interventions is the best choice for this patient? A) Order an ultrasound B) Order a computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen C) Order a 24-hour urine for protein clearance D) Assess for a history of illicit drug or alcohol use correct answer- A) Order an ultrasound Abnormally low levels of alpha fetoprotein and estriol and high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin are abnormal during pregnancy. An ultrasound should be ordered to further evaluate the fetus for characteristics of Down syndrome and/or fetal demise. All of the following are true statements about diverticula except: A) Diverticula are located in the colon B) A low-fiber diet is associated with the condition C) Most diverticula in the colon are infected with gram-negative bacteria D) Supplementingwithfibersuchaspsyllium(Metamucil)isrecommended correct answer- C) Most diverticula in the colon are infected with gram-negative bacte- ria Diverticuli in the colon can be infected with both gram-negative and gram- positive bacteria. Patients who are diagnosed with gonorrhea should also be treated for which of the following infections? A) Chancroid B) Chlamydia trachomatis C) Herpes genitalis D) PID (pelvic inflammatory disease) correct answer- B) Chlamydia trachomatis When diagnosed with gonorrhea, the patient should also be treated for Chlamydia trachomatis. Kyphosis is a late sign of: A) Old age B) Osteopenia C) Osteoporosis D) Osteoarthritis correct answer- C) Osteoporosis Kyphosis is a curvature of the spine that causes a rounding of the back, which leads to a slouching posture. Severe thinning of the bones (osteoporosis) contributes to this curvature in the spine. Symptoms that may occur with severe cases of kyphosis include difficulty breathing, fatigue, and back pain. A 35-year-old primigravida who is at 28 weeks of gestation is expecting twins. What would you would expect her alpha fetoprotein (AFP) values to be? A) Normal B) Higher than normal C) Lower than normal D) None of the above correct answer- B) Higher than normal Alpha fetoprotein is produced in the fetal and maternal liver. Higher levels of alpha fetoprotein are commonly seen in multiple gestations due to the growing fetuses and enlargement of the livers. Which of the following antihypertensive medications has beneficial effects for an elderly White female with osteoporosis? A) Calcium channel blocker B) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor C) Beta-blocker D) Diuretic correct answer- A) Calcium channel blocker Calcium channel blockers act by blocking the cal- cium channels in the heart muscle and the blood vessels, thereby keeping more calcium in the bones. The Lachman maneuver is used to detect which of the following? A) Knee instability B) Nerve damage of the knee due to past knee injuries C) The integrity of the patellar tendon D) Tears on the meniscus of the knee correct answer- A) Knee instability The Lachman maneuver is a test performed to assess for knee instability. Knee instability indicates a tear of the anterior cruciate ligament. When an adolescent male's penis grows more in length than width, at which of the following Tanner stages is he classified? A) Tanner Stage II B) Tanner Stage III C) Tanner Stage IV D) Tanner Stage V correct answer- B) Tanner Stage III Tanner Stage III in males consists of penis lengthening and darker, coarse pubic hair, which begins to curl Fetal TORCH infections can cause microcephaly, mental retardation, hepatospleno- megaly, and intrauterine growth retardation. The acronym TORCH stands for: A) Toxoplasma gondii, other infections, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes B) Toxic shock syndrome, ocular infections, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes zoster C) Tetanus, ophthalmic infections, roseola, cancer, and head abnormalities D) Toxins, other infections, roseola, candidiasis, and head abnormalities correct answer- A) Toxoplasmagondii, other infections, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes The acronym TORCH stands for Toxoplasma gondii, other infections, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes. Although several of the conditions listed in the other answer options can also cause fetal problems, they are not included in the TORCH acronym. Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection of the larynx has been associated with: A) Laryngeal neoplasia B) Esophageal stricture C) Cervical cancer D) Metaplasia of esophageal squamous cells correct answer- A) Laryngeal neoplasia HPV infection of the larynx has been associated with laryngeal neoplasia; HPV infection of the cervix is associated with cervical cancer. Mr. Brown is a 65-year-old carpenter complaining of morning stiffness and pain in both his hands and right knee upon awakening. He feels some relief after warming up. On exam, the nurse notices the presence of Heberden's nodes. Which of the fol- lowing is most likely? A) Osteoporosis B) Rheumatoid arthritis C) Degenerative joint disease D) Reiter's syndrome correct answer- C) Degenerative joint disease Heberden's nodes are commonly seen in degenerative joint disease. Heberden's nodes are bony nodules located on the distal interphalangeal joints (DIPs). What does a positive posterior drawer sign in a 10-year-old soccer player signify? A) An abnormal knee B) Instability of the knee C) A large amount of swelling on the knee D) An injury of the meniscus correct answer- B) Instability of the knee The drawer sign is performed on the knee or ankle to assess for knee instability. The affected knee will have more laxity when compared to the unaffected knee. A multigravida who is at 28 weeks of gestation has a fundal height of 29 cm. Which of the following is the best recommendation for this patient? A) Advise the mother that her pregnancy is progressing well B) Order an ultrasound of the uterus C) Refer her to an obstetrician for an amniocentesis D) Recommend bed rest with bathroom privileges correct answer- A) Advise the mother that her pregnancy is progressing well From 20-35 weeks' gestation, fundal height should equal weeks gestation. If greater than 2 cm within the gestational week of pregnancy, further testing should be performed to evaluate fetal growth A multigravida who is at 34 weeks of gestation wants to know at what level her uterine fundus should be. The best answer is to advise the mother that her fun- dus is: A) Midway between the umbilicus and the lower ribs B) At the level of the umbilicus C) From 33 to 35 cm D) From 32 to 34 cm correct answer- C) From 33 to 35 cm After 20 weeks gestation, fundal height in centimeters should measure approximately the same as the number of weeks of gestation Which of the following laboratory tests is used in primary care to evaluate renal function? A) Electrolyte panel B) Creatinine C) Alkaline phosphatase D) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to creatinine ratio correct answer- B) Creatinine Serum creatinine is measured to evaluate renal function. Creatinine is the end product of creatine metabolism. Creatinine clearance is not affected by fluid or dietary intake of meat. All of the following are false statements regarding acute gastritis except: A) Chronic intake of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause the disorder B) Chronic lack of dietary fiber is the main cause of the disorder C) The screening test for the disorder is the barium swallow test D) The gold standard to evaluate the disorder is a colonoscopy correct answer- C) The screening test for the disorder is the barium swallow test The gold standard for diagnosing gastric disease is biopsy of gastric and/or duodenal tissue by upper endoscopy. Chronic use of NSAIDs disrupts the production of prostaglandins, which decreases blood supply and then breaks down the protective layer of the mucosa, which leads to gastric disease. Signs and symptoms of depression include all of the following except: A) Anhedonia and changes in appetite B) Decreased energy and irritability C) Apathy and low self-esteem D) Apraxia and fatigue correct answer- D) Apraxia and fatigue Apraxia is a disorder of the nervous system in which the brain is affected and the patient is unable to move the arms/legs when asked to do so. Common signs of depression include anhedonia (loss of interest in activities that the patient finds pleasurable), unintentional weight loss or gain, fatigue, change in appetite, insomnia or hypersomnia, feelings of guilt and worthlessness, and recurrent thoughts of suicide. Which of the following is an accurate description of eliciting for Murphy's sign? A) Upon deep inspiration by the patient, palpate firmly in the right upper quad- rant of the abdomen below the costovertebral angle B) Bend the patient's hips and knees at 90 degrees, then passively rotate hip exter- nally, then internally C) Ask the patient to squat, then place the stethoscope on the apical area D) Press into the abdomen deeply, then release it suddenly correct answer- A) Upon deep inspiration by the patient, palpate firmly in the right upper quad- rant of the abdomen below the costovertebral angle Murphy's sign is positive if pain occurs when performing RUQ palpation while the patient takes a deep inspiration, causing the patient to abruptly stop the deep breath due to pain. As the liver is palpated, it will descend and push up against the inflamed gallbladder and cause sharp pain (cholecystitis). A 28-year-old multipara who is at 32 weeks of gestation presents to your office complaining of a sudden onset of small amounts of bright red vaginal bleeding. She has had several episodes and appears anxious. On exam, her uterus is soft to palpation. Which of the following is most likely? A) Placenta abruptio B) Placenta previa C) Acute cervicitis D) Molar pregnancy (hydatidiform mole) correct answer- B) Placenta previa Placenta previa occurs when abnormal implantation of the placenta occurs. A common symptom of placenta previa is painless, bright red bleeding. Epidemiologic studies show that Hashimoto's disease occurs most commonly in: A) Middle-aged to older women B) Smokers C) Obese individuals D) Older men correct answer- A) Middle-aged to older women Hashimoto's disease commonly occurs in middle-aged to older women. A 48-year-old woman is told by a physician that she is starting menopause. All of the following are possible findings except: A) Hot flashes B) Irregular menstrual periods C) Severe vaginal atrophic changes D) Cyclic mood swings correct answer- C) Severe vaginal atrophic changes As women reach menopause, changes that may occur include hot flashes, irregular menstrual periods, and cyclic mood swings. Vaginal changes, such as dryness and thinning, may also begin to occur A 63-year-old patient with a 10-year history of poorly controlled hypertension presents with a cluster of physical exam findings. Which of the following indicate target organ damage commonly seen in hypertensive patients? A) Pedal edema, hepatomegaly, and enlarged kidneys B) Hepatomegaly, AV nicking, bibasilar crackles C) Renal infection, S3, neuromuscular abnormalities D) Glaucoma, jugular vein atrophy, heart failure correct answer- B) Hepatomegaly, AV nicking, bibasilar crackles With long-term, uncontrolled hypertension, organ damage may occur. Organs commonly affected include: brain (stroke), eyes (retinopathy, AV nicking, bleeding, blindness), heart (heart dis- ease, left ventricular hypertrophy, MI, and/or CHF), and kidneys (renal failure, proteinuria). A 30-year-old primigravida is diagnosed with a possible threatened abortion. The result of the urine pregnancy test is positive. Which of the following statements is true regarding a threatened abortion? A) Vaginal bleeding and cramping are present, but the cervix remains closed B) Vaginal bleeding and cramping are present along with a dilated cervix C) The fetus and placenta are all expelled D) The products of conception and the placenta remain inside the uterus along with a dilated cervix correct answer- A) Vaginal bleeding and cramping are present, but the cervix remains closed Threatened abortion is defined as vaginal bleeding and cramping with- out the presence of cervical dilation. A 30-year-old female who is sexually active complains of a large amount of milk- like vaginal discharge for several weeks. A microscopy slide reveals a large amount of squamous epithelial cells that have blurred margins. Very few white blood cells are seen. The vaginal pH is at 6.0. What is most likely? A) Trichomonas infection B) Bacterial vaginosis C) Candidal infection D) A normal finding correct answer- B) Bacterial vaginosis Bacterial vaginosis is a bacterial infection of the vagina. Signs and symptoms include copious off-white to gray discharge with foul odor without vaginal erythema or irritation. Wet prep will show positive for clue cells. When performing a wet prep, the "whiff test" will be positive for a strong "fishy" odor when vaginal discharge is mixed with one drop of KOH. The Pap smear result on a 20-year-old sexually active student who uses condoms inconsistently shows a large amount of inflammation. Which of the following is the best follow-up action? A) The NP needs to do cervical cultures to verify the presence of gonorrhea B) Prescribe metronidazole vaginal cream for the patient over the phone C) Call the patient and tell her she needs a repeat Pap smear in 6 months D) Advise the patient to use a Betadine douche at bedtime x 3 days correct answer- A) The NP needs to do cervical cultures to verify the presence of gonor- rhea Cultures should be taken at the time of the Pap smear, as the patient may not return for later diagnostic testing. While performing a Pap smear on a postmenopausal patient, several areas of flat white skin lesions that are irregularly shaped are found on the patient's labia. The patient reports that the lesions are extremely itchy and have been present for several years without much change. Which condition is best described? A) Chronic scabies infection B) Lichen sclerosus C) Chronic candidal vaginitis D) A physiologic variant found in some older women correct answer- B) Lichen sclerosus Lichen sclerosus is a disease of the skin, in which white spots appear on the skin and change over time. It is most commonly seen in the genital and rectal areas, but can appear in other areas. The spots are usually shiny and smooth and can eventually spread into patches. The skin appears thin and crinkled. Then the skin tears easily, and bright red or purple bruises are common. Sometimes, the skin becomes scarred. If the disease is a mild case, there may be no symptoms The heart sound S2 is caused by: A) Closure of the atrioventricular valves B) Closure of the semilunar valves C) Opening of the atrioventricular valves D) Opening of the semilunar valves correct answer- B) Closure of the semilunar valves The heart sound S2 is caused by closure of the semilunar valves. A pelvic exam on a woman who is 12 weeks pregnant would reveal that her uterus is located at which of the following areas? A) Between the umbilicus and the suprapubic bone B) Just rising above the suprapubic bone C) Between the suprapubic bone and the xiphoid process D) Between the umbilicus and the xiphoid proces correct answer- B) Just rising above the suprapubic bone At 12 weeks gestation, the uterus measures approximately the size of a grapefruit, which would be felt just above the suprapubic bone on bimanual exam. All of the following are covered under Medicare Part B except: A) Persons age 65 years or older B) Durable medical equipment C) Mammograms annually starting at age 50 D) Anesthesiologist's services correct answer- D) Anesthesiologist's services Medicare Part B covers: 1) outpatient physician visits, labs, x-rays; 2) durable medical equipment; 3) mammograms/colonoscopy after age 50 years annually; 4) rehabilitation. Anesthesiologist's services are covered by Medicare Part A. All of the following patients are at higher risk for suicide except: A) A 66-year-old White male whose wife of 40 years recently died B) A high school student with a history of bipolar disorder C) A depressed 45-year-old female with family history of suicide D) A 17-year-old teen who has only 1 close friend in school correct answer- D) A 17-year-old teen who has only one close friend in school Risk factors for suicide include: 1) elderly white males (especially after the death of a spouse); 2) past history of suicide; 3) family history of suicide; 4) plans for use of a lethal weapon such as a gun or knife; 5) female gender has a higher attempt rate, but males have a higher success rate; 6) personal history of bipolar disorder or depression. A 70-year-old male patient complains of a bright red spot in his left eye for 2 days. He denies eye pain, visual changes, or headaches. He has a new onset of cough from a recent viral upper respiratory infection. The only medicine he is on is Bayer aspirin 1 tablet a day. Which of the following is most likely? A) Corneal abrasion B) Acute bacterial conjunctivitis C) Acute uveitis D) Subconjunctival hemorrhage correct answer- D) Subconjunctival hemorrhage Subconjunctival hemorrhage is a benign disorder that occurs from an increase in intraocular pressure that may be caused by coughing, vomiting, forceful exerrtion in labor during childbirth, straining while having a bowel movement, weight lifting, or lifting a heavy object. Which of the following is appropriate follow-up for this 70-year-old patient? A) Referral to an optometrist B) Referral to an ophthalmologist C) Advise the patient that it is a benign condition and will resolve spontaneously D) Prescribe an ophthalmic antibiotic solution correct answer- C) Advise the patient that it is a benign condition and will resolve spontaneously A subconjunctival hemorrhage is a benign disorder that resolves without any treatment Jason, an 8-year-old with type 1 diabetes, is being seen for a 3-day history of fre- quency and nocturia. He denies flank pain and is afebrile. The urinalysis result is negative for blood and nitrites but is positive for a large amount of leukocytes and ketones. He has a trace amount of protein. Which of the following is the best test to order initially? A) Urine for culture and sensitivity B) 24-hour urine for protein and creatinine clearance C) 24-hour urine for microalbumin D) An intravenous pyelogram correct answer- A) Urine for culture and sensitivity An 8-year-old male patient with the diagnosis of diabetes has a high risk of urinary tract infections. A large amount of leukocytes in the urinalysis is abnormal and he has been having symptoms of frequency and nocturia for the past 3 days. The urine culture would be ordered because he has a high risk of infection. The urine culture and sensitivity (C&S) is the best evaluation for diagnosing a urinary tract infection. All of the following are not recommended for the outpatient treatment of mild preeclampsia except: A) Severe sodium restriction B) Restrict fluid intake to less than 1 liter per 24 hours C) Aldomet (methyldopa) 250 mg PO (orally) BID D) Bed rest on the left side with bathroom privileges correct answer- D) Bed rest on the left side with bathroom privileges Outpatient treatment for mild pre-eclampsia includes bed rest on the left lateral side with bathroom privileges. The best test for diagnosing congenital glaucoma is which of the following? A) Fluorescein staining B) Tonometry C) Snellen vision exam D) The refractive index correct answer- B) Tonometry A tonometer is used to measure the intraocular pressure (IOP) of the eye to screen for glaucoma. Normal range IOP is 10-22 mm Hg. Rocky Mountain spotted fever is caused by the bite of the: A) Mosquito B) Tick C) Insect D) Flea correct answer- B) Tick Rocky Mountain spotted fever is caused by a tick bite from a tick that was infected with the parasite Rickettsia rickettsii. The mortality rate is 1%-7% if left untreated. All of the following are false statements about atopic dermatitis except: A) Contact with cold objects may exacerbate the condition B) It does not have a linear distribution C) It is associated with bullae D) The lesions have vesicles that are full of serous exudate correct answer- B) It does not have a linear distribution Atopic dermatitis is a skin condition in which the lesions occur in a linear fashion. They may have many different stages, including erythematous papules and vesicles, with weeping, drainage, and/or crusting. Lesions are commonly found on the scalp, face, forearms, wrists, elbows, and backs of the knees. Commonly pruritic. Also known as eczema. A mother brings in her 4-year-old daughter who just started attending preschool. She tells the nurse practitioner that her child is complaining of burning and itching in both eyes along with a runny nose. During the physical exam, the child's eyes appear injected bilaterally. The throat is red and her inferior nasal turbinates are swollen. Which of the following is most likely? A) Herpes keratitis B) Corneal ulcer C) Viral conjunctivitis D) Bacterial conjunctivitis correct answer- C) Viral conjunctivitis Viral conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva with common complaints of red, itchy eyes, without signs of infection. A sexually active woman is complaining of amenorrhea and vaginal spotting. On exam, her left adnexa is tender and cervical motion tenderness is positive. Which test should the nurse practitioner initially order? A) Flat plate of the abdomen B) Complete blood count (CBC) with white cell differentials C) Urine pregnancy test D) Pelvic ultrasound correct answer- C) Urine pregnancy test A urine pregnancy test should be performed to rule out miscarriage and/or tubal pregnancy. A toddler with congenital heart disease is seen for a 1-week history of facial and lower-extremity edema accompanied by shortness of breath. The child's mother reports that the child's appetite has been poor. The chest x-ray reveals that the child has congestive heart failure (CHF). Which of the following heart sounds are found in these patients? A) S1 and S2 B) S1, S2, and S3 C) S1, S2, and S4 D) Still's murmur and S4 correct answer- B) S1, S2, and S3 Congestive heart failure is the inability of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the organs to meet the body's requirements. It is common to hear S1, S2, and S3 heart sounds on exam. Common signs and symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath with activity, and edema of lower extremities. A 53-year-old crossing guard complains of twisting his right knee while working that morning. The knee is swollen and tender to palpation. The nurse practitioner diagnoses a Grade II sprain. The initial treatment plan includes which of the following? A) Application of cold packs the first 24 hours followed by applications of low heat at bedtime B) Elevation of the affected limb and intermittent applications of cold packs for the next 48 hours C) Rechecking the knee in 24 hours and isometric exercises D) The application of an Ace bandage to the affected kne correct answer- B) Elevation of the affected limb and intermittent applications of cold packs for the next 48 hours Elevation of the injured knee above the heart will reduce the amout of swelling that can occur. Use of ice packs immediately after the injury is most effective and will reduce swelling in the tissue. Ice the affected area for 15 minutes at a time intermittently to prevent frostbite and further damage to tissue. Allowing 30-45 minutes between icings of the limb is recommended. Erythromycin 200 mg with sulfisoxazole 600 mg suspension (Pediazole) is contraindicated in which of the following conditions? A) G6PD deficiency anemia B) Lead poisoning C) Beta thalassemia minor D) B12 deficiency anemia correct answer- A) G6PD deficiency anemia Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) defi- ciency is a hereditary condition that occurs when the red blood cells break down, causing hemolysis, due to a missing or lack of a sufficient enzyme that is needed to help the red blood cells work efficiently. Certain foods and medications may trigger this reaction and hemolysis will occur. Some of these medications include antimalarial drugs, aspirin, nitrofurantoin, NSAIDs, quinidine, quinine, and sulfa medications. The mother of an 11-year-old boy with sickle cell anemia calls on the phone complaining that her son woke up because of a painful penile erection that will not go away. The nurse practitioner's most appropriate intervention is: A) Insert a Foley catheter and measure the child's intake and output for the next 24 hours B) Insert a Foley catheter to obtain a specimen for a urinalysis and urine for C&S (culture and sensitivity) C) Recommend an increase in the child's fluid intake D) Recommend immediate referral to the ER correct answer- D) Recommend immediate referral to the ED Priapism (painful penile erection not related to sexual activity) is a true urologic emergency that may lead to permanent erectile dysfunction and penile necrosis if not treated appropriately. It can be associated with a number of medical conditions (sickle cell anemia, leukemia, or spinal cord injury) and/or some pharmacologic agents A positive Coombs test on an Rh-negative pregnant woman means: A) The mother has autoantibodies against Rh-positive red blood cells (RBCs) B) The fetus has autoantibodies against maternal RBCs C) The mother does not have Rh factor against fetal RBCs D) The fetus does not have RBC autoantibodies correct answer- A) The mother has autoantibodies against Rh-positive red blood cells (RBCs) The mother's autoantibodies can attack the fetus's Rh-positive red blood cells and cause destruction of these cells, which can cause severe anemia and com- plications in the fetus. Today this is preventable with the administration of anti- RhD immunoglobulin (Rho(D) immune globulin) to an Rh-negative mother at 28 weeks gestation and after birth if the newborn is Rh positive. Folic acid supplementation is recommended for women who are planning pregnancy in order to: A) Prevent renal agenesis B) Prevent anencephaly C) Prevent kidney defects D) Prevent heart defects correct answer- B) Prevent anencephaly Folic acid supplementation during pregnancy has been shown to decrease the risk of neural tube defects of the fetus All of the following are possible causes for secondary hypertension except: A) Acute pyelonephritis B) Pheochromocytoma C) Renovascular stenosis D) Coarctation of the aorta correct answer- A) Acute pyelonephritis Pheochromocytoma is an adrenal gland tumor in which there is increased production of the hormones adrenaline and noradrena- line, which may cause long-term elevation in blood pressure. Renovascular steno- sis is a narrowing of one or both arteries leading to the kidneys. It can cause severe hypertension and irreversible kidney damage. Coarctation of the aorta is a con- genital heart defect of the aorta; it is a narrowing of the aorta that causes the heart to work harder to get blood to flow through the narrow aortic passageway to other organs, which in turn causes an increase in blood pressure. Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome is associated with which following infection? A) Syphilis B) Chlamydia trachomatis C) Herpes genitalis D) Lymphogranuloma venereum correct answer- B) Chlamydia trachomatis Fitz-Hugh-Curtis is a complication of having pelvic inflammatory disease that was caused by a vaginal infection, such as gonorrhea or Chlamydia trachomatis. This causes inflammation and infection in the pelvic cavity. Left untreated, this infection can cause adhesions that stretch from the peritoneum to the liver. A nursing home resident reports to his physician that his previous roommate was recently started on tuberculosis treatment. A Mantoux test and chest x-ray are ordered for the patient. What is the minimum size of induration considered positive for this patient? A) 3 mm B) 5 mm C) 10 mm D) 15 mm correct answer- B) 5 mm To perform the Mantoux test, a dose of 5 tuberculin units in 0.1 mL solution is injected intradermally into the forearm and read 48 to 72 hours later. Results are measured by the size of the induration, not ery- thema. Standard results of 10 mm or less are considered negative for a low- risk population. For a high-risk population, such as a recent exposure, 5 mm of induration or greater is a positive result. In small children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which of the following vaccines is contraindicated? A) Diphtheria and tetanus (Td) B) Hepatitis B and mumps C) Varicella D) Td and oral polio correct answer- C) Varicella The data regarding efficacy of the varicella vaccine are insufficient; therefore, varicella vaccine is contraindicated in HIV-infected individuals. A 44-year-old female who is undergoing treatment for infertility complains of not having a menstrual period for a few months. The night before, she started spotting and is now having cramp-type pains in her pelvic area. Her blood pressure (BP) is 160/80, the pulse rate is 110, and she is afebrile. Her labs reveal a mild anemia with mild leukocytosis. On pelvic exam, the uterine fundus is found above the symphy- sis pubis. The cervical os is dilated at 3 cm. Which of the following is most likely? A) Inevitable abortion B) Threatened abortion C) Incomplete abortion D) Acute pelvic inflammatory disease correct answer- A) Inevitable abortion Inevitable abortion is defined as vaginal bleeding with pain and cervical dilation and/or effacement. Threatened abortion is defined as vaginal bleeding with absent or minimal pain and a closed, long, and thick cervix. Incomplete abortion is moderate to diffuse vaginal bleeding, with the passage of tissue and painful uterine cramping or contractions. Acute pelvic inflammatory disease is a sudden onset of inflammation and pain that affects the pelvic area, cervix, uterus, and ovaries, which is caused by infection. A 14-year-old female who is sexually active is brought in by her mother for an immunization update. According to the mother, her daughter had 1 dose of hepatitis B vaccine. Which of the following vaccines would you administer at this visit? A) Td and hepatitis B B) DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis) and hepatitis B C) Hepatitis B only D) MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) and Td correct answer- A) Td and hepatitis B The CDC recommends Td and hepatitis B for 14-year-old females. It is recommended for her to continue the hepatitis series, which includes a total of 3 injections. An Rh-negative pregnant woman with negative rubella titers should be vaccinated at what time period in pregnancy? A) She can be vaccinated at any time in her pregnancy B) During the Download to view full document

Civil Engineering Ebooks Sl.No Ebooks Name 1 Prestressed Concrete Design To Eurocodes 2 Introduction to Earthquake Engineering Hector Estrada 3 highway-engineering-blackwell-science 4 Basic-Environmental-Engineering 5 Design of Modern Steel Railway bridges 6 2018 International Building Code Illustrated Handbook 7 Construction Water Proofing Handbook 8 Construction of Marine and Offshore Structures 9 Construction Supervision 10 Steel Structures Design 11 Cost Estimating Manual for Water & Wastewater Treatment Facilities 12 Advanced Concrete Technology Constituent Materials 13 NBC 2016-VOL.1 14 Complete Construction Real Answers Contractor Need Masonry and Concrete for Residentia Construction 15 Building Design and Construction Handbook 16 AutoCAD 2017 For Architectural  Tutorial Books 17 Computational Structural Analysis and Finite Element Methods 18 Concrete Building Scheme Design Manual 19 Basics of Foundation Design 20 Architect’s Pocket Book 21 Elementary Structural Analysis 22 Shoreline_and_Riverbank_Protection 23 Structural Vibration 24 Design-of-Steel-Structures-SK-Duggal 25 The_Engineers_manual_of_Construction_site Planning 26 Reinforced concrete analysis and design 27 Handbook of Structural Engineering 28 Building Design and Construction Handbook 29 Civil Engineering Materials 30 Safety Handbook for Construction Site Workers 31 Civil Engineering Objective Type and Conventional Questions and Answer 32 Reinforced Concrete Designer Handbook 33 Advanced Construction Technology 34 Handbook on Concrete  Mixes 35 Structural Elements for Architects and Builders 36 Structural load determination ASCE & IBC 37 High performance concrete 38 Deep Excavation Theory and Practice (2006) 39 Pile Design and Construction Practice 40 Foundation Engineering 41 reinforced-concrete-design-of-tall-building 42 Desai C. S., Advanced Geotechnical Engineering Soil-Structure Interaction using Computer and Material Models, 2013 43 Examples in Structural Analysis, Second Edition 44 Fundamentals of Structural Analysis (2018) 45 Design of Steel Structures S K Duggal 46 Seismic Design of Steel Structure 47 Water and Wastewater Engineering 48 Site Engineers Manual Doran 49 Policy on Geometric Design of Highways And Streets 50 Quality Management in Construction Projects 51 The Construction of Houses 52 Surveying with Construction Applications 53 Civil PE Sample Examination 54 Bridge Engineering 55 Architectural Press, Working Drawings Handbook 56 Quality_tools_for_managing 57 Theory_and_Practice_of_Pile_Foundation 58 Hydraulic Structures 59 Foundation Engineering Handbook 60 Understanding Construction Drawing 61 Concrete Buildings in Seismic Regions 62 Handbook_of_transportation_engineering 63 Structural-Foundation-Designers-Manual 64 Geotechnical-Engineering-Book 65 Design of Concrete Structures 66 Construction Management 67 Basic Structures for Engineers and Architects 68 Structural Engineer_s Pocket Book 69 Civil Engineering Project Management 70 Advanced Concrete Technology 71 Reinforced concrete design-Krishnaraju 72 Standard Handbook for Civil Engineers 73 Planning and Design of Airports 5th Edition 74 Aircraft Interior Comfort and Design 75 Airport Engineering 76 The Handbook of Highway Engineering 77 BASIC CIVIL ENGINEERING 78 CRSI Design Handbook 79 Handbook of Civil Engineering Calculations 80 Building Code ACI 318M_14 81 Building_Construction_Handbook 82 Design of Highway Bridges 83 Structural Concrete Hassoun_5th_Edition 84 Fundamentals of Building Construction_Materials_and_Methods_Allen 85 Standard Specifications for Road, Bridge, and Municipal Construction 86 Standard Specifications for Road, Bridge, and Municipal Construction 87 AutoCAD Workbook for Architects and Engineers 88 Building Failures - Diagnosis and Avoidance 89 Structural Concrete Hassoun 5th ed 90 Structural Concrete Hassoun 5th ed 91 soil engineering - testing, design, and remediation 92 Construction Mathematics 93 Blueprint Reading 94 Steel Design,Segui 95 Fire Safety Engineering Design of Structures 96 Construction Management and_Design_of_Industrial_Concrete_and_Steel_Structures 97 Reinforced Concrete Design 98 Structural Design of Steelwork 99 Problems in surveying 100 Worked Examples for the Design of Concrete Structures to Eurocode 101 Structural Steelwork 102 Advanced Geotechnical Engineering Soil-Structure Interaction using Computer and Material Models, 2013 103 Estimators General Construction Man-Hour Manual 104 Repair protection and waterproofing of concrete structures 105 Civil Engineering Formulas Book 106 Precast Concrete Structures by Hubert Bachmann, Alfred Steinle 107 Simplified Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings 108 Site Planning and Design Handbook 109 Building Materials in Civil Engineering

Odoo 15 introduces exciting new features, a better user experience, and performance enhancements. The database management system in Odoo 15 needs Python 3.8 and PostgreSQL. Let's get this party started right away. How do I get old 15 to work on Ubuntu 20.04? This article will walk you through the process of installing Odoo 15 on an Ubuntu server running version 20.04 LTS. The terminal will be used for all of these processes (Command Line Interface). Step-1: Update the server after logging in a. Using ssh, connect to the server: • ssh username @ IP address b. Ensure that system is updated: • sudo apt-get update • sudo apt-get upgrade Step 2: Secure Server a. Ensure that the system is safe against ssh assaults; Fail2ban can assist avoid ssh attacks: • sudo apt-get install openssh-server fail2ban Step 3: Install Python 3 and its Dependencies a. Install the Python packages that Odoo requires: Install pip3 as follows: • sudo apt-get install -y python3-pip b. Then install Packages and libraries: • sudo apt-get install python-dev python3-dev libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev zlib1g-dev • libsasl2-dev libldap2-dev build-essential libssl-dev libffi-dev libmysqlclient-dev • libjpeg-dev libpq-dev libjpeg8-dev liblcms2-dev libblas-dev libatlas-base-dev c. Make sure that all of the packages have been installed correctly and that there are no issues. Some web dependencies must be installed after the Python packages have been successfully installed. • sudo apt-get install -y npm • sudo ln -s /usr/bin/nodejs /usr/bin/node • sudo npm install -g less less-plugin-clean-css • sudo apt-get install -y node-less Step : 4 Setup Database Server (PostgreSQL) a. The database server used by Odoo is PostgreSQL. To install and configure a database server for Odoo, follow these steps: • sudo apt-get install postgresq b. Create a Postgres user to manage the database in the next stage. The user name and password will be required later in the conf file To accomplish the activities, Postgres has its own system user named 'Postgres. So, to change the user to Postgres, use the following command: • sudo su - postgres c. Next, we'll make an Odoo15 database user. When you run the following command, it will prompt you for a password, which you must re-enter. Keep this in mind for future reference: • createuser --createdb --username postgres --no-createrole --no-superuser --pwprompt odoo15 d. The command below guarantees that the user has superuser privileges: • psql • ALTER USER odoo15 WITH SUPERUSER; • Exit from psql and postgres user: • \q • exit Step 5: System User a. Next, we'll build a system user to execute Odoo roles as well as provide security. This user's access to and operations on all Odoo files and folders will be restricted. b. Let us now create a new system user for the Odoo service, and then restrict the rights for all Odoo-related files and directories to this user. • sudo adduser --system --home=/opt/odoo --group odoo Step 6: Clone the Odoo Source repository on Github. a. We can directly clone the Community Edition source code from Odoo's GitHub repository. After the installation is complete, you can add the Enterprise edition add-ons. Install git on the server first: • sudo apt-get install git b. The files will be added to the user's home directory after switching the system user to 'odoo': • sudo su - odoo -s /bin/bash c. The following command will clone the source directory, and the operator dot(.) at the end of the command will clone the files to the current user's home directory, which is /opt/odoo, which is the same home directory specified when the user was created: • git clone https://www.github.com/odoo/odoo --depth 1 --branch 15.0 --single-branch d. Then exit from the user and continue the installation: • exit Step 7: Download and install the Python packages you'll need a. The relevant packages must then be installed. The requirement.txt file contains a list of all the packages. As a result, we can quickly install these packages using just one command: • sudo pip3 install -r /opt/odoo/requirements.txt Step 8: Download and install Wkhtmltopdf a. Odoo allows you to print reports as PDF files. Wkhtmltopdf aids in the creation of PDF reports from HTML data. Furthermore, the report engine converts the Qweb template reports to HTML format, and Wkhtmltopdf generates the PDF report: • sudo wget • https://github.com/wkhtmltopdf/wkhtmltopdf/releases/download/0.12.5/wkhtmltox_0.12.5-1.bionic_amd64.deb • sudo dpkg -i wkhtmltox_0.12.5-1.bionic_amd64.deb • sudo apt install -f Step 9: Setup Conf file a. The next step is to set up the Odoo conf file, which contains information such as the ad-ons path, database-related options, proxy parameters, and more. As a result, a configuration file should be created in the /etc directory. A sample conf file can be found in the Debian directory of Odoo's source code. Use the following command to copy from Debian to the /etc directory: • sudo cp /opt/odoo/debian/odoo.conf /etc/odoo.conf b. This file contains sample values, and you should edit the file with proper values: • sudo nano /etc/odoo.conf c. Update admin password and db_password from the following sample. [options] ; This is the password that allows database operations: • admin_passwd = admin • db_host = False • db_port = False • db_user = odoo15 • db_password = False • addons_path = /opt/odoo/addons • logfile = /var/log/odoo/odoo.log d. The following aspects should be configured before the operations are conducted: • db_user: the database user name. • db_password: provide db user password which is given while creating the db user. • admin_passwd: This is the master password of Odoo which is used to perform database operations in the database manager like create, delete, duplicate, and many more. • db_host: the database host. • db_port: the database port. • addons_path: provide the path of directories that contain the Odoo addons directories. You can mention multiple directories separated by commas: Eg: addons_path = /opt/odoo/addons, /opt/odoo/enterprise, /opt/odoo/custom logfile: the log file path. e. Finally, you should set access rights of the conf file for the system user odoo: • sudo chown odoo: /etc/odoo.conf • sudo chmod 640 /etc/odoo.conf f. Also, as we did before, establish a log directory to store the odoo log file, which will aid you in locating Odoo-related issues, and configure rights for the user odoo: • sudo mkdir /var/log/odoo • sudo chown odoo:root /var/log/odoo Step 10: Odoo service file a. Finally, we have to create a service to run Odoo. Let’s create a service file ‘odoo.service’ in /etc/systemd/system: [Unit] • Description=Odoo • Documentation=http://www.odoo.com [Service] # Ubuntu/Debian convention: • Type=simple • User=odoo • ExecStart=/opt/odoo/odoo-bin -c /etc/odoo.conf [Install] • WantedBy=default.target b. Next set the permissions for the root user to this service file: • sudo chmod 755 /etc/systemd/system/odoo.service • sudo chown root: /etc/systemd/system/odoo.service Step 11: Test Odoo 15 a. Now all the steps of installation are completed. Let's test the Odoo instance with the following command: • sudo systemctl start odoo.service b. Then check the status of the service using the following command. And if it depicts as active, the installation of Odoo was successful: • sudo systemctl status odoo.service c. Now you can access Odoo by entering the following URL: • “http://your_domain_or_IP_address:8069” This will redirect you to the database creation page if everything is set up correctly. Check Odoo logs a. You can also check the logs of Odoo platform that you have set up if you are facing any issues related to the installation or any other reasons with the following command. This command will show you the live logs in the terminal: • sudo tail -f /var/log/odoo/odoo.log b. At last, if you want to start the Odoo service automatically after rebooting the server, use the following command: • sudo systemctl enable odoo.service c. If you have made any changes in the addons, restart the Odoo support service to reflect the updates on your instance using the following command: • sudo systemctl restart odoo.service via Ref Link : https://www.geminatecs.com/blog/how-to-install-odoo-15-steps-on-a-ubuntu-20-04-lts-system-installation