Waterloo City Farm. Education and farm facilities Waterloo London. Provide a learning resource for local schools and also the wider community
Waterloo City Farm. Education and farm facilities Waterloo London. Provide a learning resource for local schools and also the wider community
The fight around the Chateau of Hougoumont is one of the best documented aspects of Waterloo. It was also a self-contained tactical contest...
Waterloo City Farm. Education and farm facilities Waterloo London. Provide a learning resource for local schools and also the wider community
Image 5 of 31 from gallery of Waterloo Arts Quad Outdoor Spaces / Bennett Oh. Photograph by Chalyn Pai
The fight around the Chateau of Hougoumont is one of the best documented aspects of Waterloo. It was also a self-contained tactical contest that went on all day. But despite our knowledge of what took place, there remains some areas of doubt. The site consisted of a small chateau surrounded by farm buildings: But the buildings only represent a proportion of the overall estate, which included a wood, orchards and gardens: This modern photograph has been adjusted to show how the estate would have looked in 1815: The Siborne model shows how much the Hougoumont estate dominated the west of the battlefield: Evidence from an earlier period suggests that the chateau had an extensive formal 18th Century garden: By the time of Waterloo, this formal garden was reduced in size, but it still existed. Victorian photographs show that the balustrade survived: So far, so good, but two key questions arise: how damaged were the buildings by the fighting? and given that many were reduced by fire, what did they look like before the battle? Denis Dighton is a reliable source, but two pictures of exactly the same location suggest that the roof just to the right of the farmer's dwelling was much more damaged in the second picture. Is this perhaps some time later? The first picture must be immediately after the battle and shows two Prussian officers observing the dead being placed in a pit. The second picture could be later because the bush to the left of the building looks bigger. This picture suggests a similar location for the burial pit: This picture from the British Museum is at a more oblique angle, so it is hard to tell what damage occurred to the roof: Denis Dighton used the same view from a slightly greater distance to show the fight in front of the South Gate: This picture shows the same location, but gets the line of the garden wall wrong: This picture shows how difficult it was for the French to cross the field of fire: To the right of the above scene is the long wall that runs from west to east. This wall was loopholed by the British and we can assume that they built platforms to shoot from the top. This turned the open ground between the wall and the trees into a killing zone. This is a Victorian photograph of the wall: Having failed in a direct assault, the French therefore exploited to the west of the Great Barn and it was here that Sergeant Frazer unhorsed Colonel Cubieres: The action then moved to the North Gate, the closing of which was described by Wellington as the decisive act of the battle. This Victorian picture shows the inside of the gate : The interior of Hougoumont contained a number of interesting features, among which was the dovecote: Which brings us to the areas of uncertainty. The records show that the fire began in the haystack to the southwest of the south gate. Wellington himself sensed the risk that the fire might transfer to the barns along the west side of the complex. This risk was compounded by French howitzer fire which set light to the roof of the barns and then set the chateau itself alight. These pictures illustrate the ensuing damage. Early pictures suggest part of the Chateau survived: As time went on, more of it fell down: By the Victorian age, photographs show the remnants: This famous painting of the North Gate was painted in the late Victorian period and shows the gate in the much the condition it would have looked in the late 19th Century: Siborne's model indicates that nearly all the roofs burnt off, less those on the north side: One possible explanation for the speed with which the fire communicated from the haystack to the barns is that they were roofed in thatch and not tiles. Certainly, all the buildings to the west and north of the complex lost their roofs, as shown in these next four pictures: One model in the Waterloo museum suggests they were thatched: I find it hard to judge whether this might have been the case. Certainly, the fire in the barns was fast and intensely hot and left nothing of the original roof, perhaps suggesting thatch. But the roof of the chateau also burnt and that was obviously not thatched. Was thatch a traditional local building material? Interestingly, there is a sketch of La Haye Farm (not to be confused with La Haye Sainte) of 1894 made by the historian A.H. Kennedy-Herbert showing that its roof was still thatched at that date. For those who visited Hougoumont a few years ago, and saw it in its dilapidated state, news that it was to be refurbished was indeed welcome. The newly restored Hougoumont is a tremendous achievement, but is it a little over-done? While removal of the Victorian annexe to the farmer's house is good news, the roof tiles look too new and the restored North Gate is too solid a construction when compared with the ramshackle evidence from Victorian photographs: How then to portray Hougoumont? Clearly, timing matters given that this was a battle that went on all day. Some have chosen to show the chateau in near pristine condition at an early point in the fight. These models are hugely impressive: The Winchester model shows a later point in the day: There is also a need to show as much of the complex action as possible (including the Allied contribution and events such the famous ammunition re-supply). One of my earliest posts showed my Hougoumont model, which illustrates the complex after the fire had done its worst. Before I proceed to put it on to scenario boards and populate it with troops, I'd be interested in your thoughts on whether my analysis is about right.
Everyone knows that La Haye Sainte was the key to the Waterloo position, located as it was just forward of Wellington's centre: The picture below of La Haye Sainte is a sketch by J M W Turner, giving a nice sense of the relief, but little more. A similar view can be seen below: Despite the plethora of information available on La Haye Sainte, there is one aspect which I find hard to fathom: what was its colour? specifically, was the farmhouse whitewashed or not? and did it have a red tiled or a grey slate roof? The most reliable source ought to be William Siborne. Of his two models, the larger at Leeds Royal Armouries suggests red brick walls and grey slate roofing: The smaller scale model in Chelsea suggests the same: Siborne's cartographic skills and his attention to matters such as crop types suggest he should be taken seriously, and based on this evidence, this French diorama therefore seems to be a faithful representation: But herein lies the problem: most paintings, drawings and prints of the farmhouse completed near to the time of the battle suggest that it was whitewashed with a grey slate roof: By the time the late 19th Century artists began to represent scenes from the battle, they tended to show the farmhouse whitewashed and with a red tiled roof: Late Victorian photographs explain why: Many modern modellers have tended to show the farmhouse fully whitewashed, and with a grey slate roof: Others have shown the roof of the stables and barn in red tiles and the farm in grey slate: I believe that, like many old buildings in the area, La Haye Sainte has probably been whitewashed, weathered and re-whitewashed repeatedly over the course of its history. Immediately after Waterloo, there are images that suggest the whitewashing was very patchy. The roof appears to be all grey slate. One can assume that damage done during the battle will have exacerbated this situation. All things considered, I think this is a fair reflection of what it looked like on 18 June 1815: We can also guess that the barn and stables roof was extensively damaged and that it was partly redone in red tiles. The most famous painting of the interior of the farmhouse during the battle shows a scene of intense action, presumably just before its fall as the KGL riflemen attempt to defend the building as the French enter: This close up shows the CO of the Battalion, Major Baring, directing operations. This close-up shows the French entry: The assault on the front gate from the French perspective: And the same scene from the inside: I believe the fall of La Haye Sainte can be attributed to two factors: first, the garrison ran out of its specialist Baker Rifle ammunition; secondly, not realising that they would form the garrison on the day of the battle, they rather foolishly burnt the west barn door during the torrential rain the night before. Here is a shot of that door: Here is Georg Baring in later life. Interestingly, his Battalion, 2nd Light Battalion KGL, was later commanded by Rommel in the Great War and continued to have Waterloo as a battle honour. So that is my analysis, but I may be wrong and I would appreciate any other views. My La Haye Sainte was one of my earliest posts. Before I begin to populate it with troops is there anything I should change? All advice gratefully received!
The fight around the Chateau of Hougoumont is one of the best documented aspects of Waterloo. It was also a self-contained tactical contest that went on all day. But despite our knowledge of what took place, there remains some areas of doubt. The site consisted of a small chateau surrounded by farm buildings: But the buildings only represent a proportion of the overall estate, which included a wood, orchards and gardens: This modern photograph has been adjusted to show how the estate would have looked in 1815: The Siborne model shows how much the Hougoumont estate dominated the west of the battlefield: Evidence from an earlier period suggests that the chateau had an extensive formal 18th Century garden: By the time of Waterloo, this formal garden was reduced in size, but it still existed. Victorian photographs show that the balustrade survived: So far, so good, but two key questions arise: how damaged were the buildings by the fighting? and given that many were reduced by fire, what did they look like before the battle? Denis Dighton is a reliable source, but two pictures of exactly the same location suggest that the roof just to the right of the farmer's dwelling was much more damaged in the second picture. Is this perhaps some time later? The first picture must be immediately after the battle and shows two Prussian officers observing the dead being placed in a pit. The second picture could be later because the bush to the left of the building looks bigger. This picture suggests a similar location for the burial pit: This picture from the British Museum is at a more oblique angle, so it is hard to tell what damage occurred to the roof: Denis Dighton used the same view from a slightly greater distance to show the fight in front of the South Gate: This picture shows the same location, but gets the line of the garden wall wrong: This picture shows how difficult it was for the French to cross the field of fire: To the right of the above scene is the long wall that runs from west to east. This wall was loopholed by the British and we can assume that they built platforms to shoot from the top. This turned the open ground between the wall and the trees into a killing zone. This is a Victorian photograph of the wall: Having failed in a direct assault, the French therefore exploited to the west of the Great Barn and it was here that Sergeant Frazer unhorsed Colonel Cubieres: The action then moved to the North Gate, the closing of which was described by Wellington as the decisive act of the battle. This Victorian picture shows the inside of the gate : The interior of Hougoumont contained a number of interesting features, among which was the dovecote: Which brings us to the areas of uncertainty. The records show that the fire began in the haystack to the southwest of the south gate. Wellington himself sensed the risk that the fire might transfer to the barns along the west side of the complex. This risk was compounded by French howitzer fire which set light to the roof of the barns and then set the chateau itself alight. These pictures illustrate the ensuing damage. Early pictures suggest part of the Chateau survived: As time went on, more of it fell down: By the Victorian age, photographs show the remnants: This famous painting of the North Gate was painted in the late Victorian period and shows the gate in the much the condition it would have looked in the late 19th Century: Siborne's model indicates that nearly all the roofs burnt off, less those on the north side: One possible explanation for the speed with which the fire communicated from the haystack to the barns is that they were roofed in thatch and not tiles. Certainly, all the buildings to the west and north of the complex lost their roofs, as shown in these next four pictures: One model in the Waterloo museum suggests they were thatched: I find it hard to judge whether this might have been the case. Certainly, the fire in the barns was fast and intensely hot and left nothing of the original roof, perhaps suggesting thatch. But the roof of the chateau also burnt and that was obviously not thatched. Was thatch a traditional local building material? Interestingly, there is a sketch of La Haye Farm (not to be confused with La Haye Sainte) of 1894 made by the historian A.H. Kennedy-Herbert showing that its roof was still thatched at that date. For those who visited Hougoumont a few years ago, and saw it in its dilapidated state, news that it was to be refurbished was indeed welcome. The newly restored Hougoumont is a tremendous achievement, but is it a little over-done? While removal of the Victorian annexe to the farmer's house is good news, the roof tiles look too new and the restored North Gate is too solid a construction when compared with the ramshackle evidence from Victorian photographs: How then to portray Hougoumont? Clearly, timing matters given that this was a battle that went on all day. Some have chosen to show the chateau in near pristine condition at an early point in the fight. These models are hugely impressive: The Winchester model shows a later point in the day: There is also a need to show as much of the complex action as possible (including the Allied contribution and events such the famous ammunition re-supply). One of my earliest posts showed my Hougoumont model, which illustrates the complex after the fire had done its worst. Before I proceed to put it on to scenario boards and populate it with troops, I'd be interested in your thoughts on whether my analysis is about right.
Image 31 of 31 from gallery of Waterloo Arts Quad Outdoor Spaces / Bennett Oh. Diagram
The fight around the Chateau of Hougoumont is one of the best documented aspects of Waterloo. It was also a self-contained tactical contest that went on all day. But despite our knowledge of what took place, there remains some areas of doubt. The site consisted of a small chateau surrounded by farm buildings: But the buildings only represent a proportion of the overall estate, which included a wood, orchards and gardens: This modern photograph has been adjusted to show how the estate would have looked in 1815: The Siborne model shows how much the Hougoumont estate dominated the west of the battlefield: Evidence from an earlier period suggests that the chateau had an extensive formal 18th Century garden: By the time of Waterloo, this formal garden was reduced in size, but it still existed. Victorian photographs show that the balustrade survived: So far, so good, but two key questions arise: how damaged were the buildings by the fighting? and given that many were reduced by fire, what did they look like before the battle? Denis Dighton is a reliable source, but two pictures of exactly the same location suggest that the roof just to the right of the farmer's dwelling was much more damaged in the second picture. Is this perhaps some time later? The first picture must be immediately after the battle and shows two Prussian officers observing the dead being placed in a pit. The second picture could be later because the bush to the left of the building looks bigger. This picture suggests a similar location for the burial pit: This picture from the British Museum is at a more oblique angle, so it is hard to tell what damage occurred to the roof: Denis Dighton used the same view from a slightly greater distance to show the fight in front of the South Gate: This picture shows the same location, but gets the line of the garden wall wrong: This picture shows how difficult it was for the French to cross the field of fire: To the right of the above scene is the long wall that runs from west to east. This wall was loopholed by the British and we can assume that they built platforms to shoot from the top. This turned the open ground between the wall and the trees into a killing zone. This is a Victorian photograph of the wall: Having failed in a direct assault, the French therefore exploited to the west of the Great Barn and it was here that Sergeant Frazer unhorsed Colonel Cubieres: The action then moved to the North Gate, the closing of which was described by Wellington as the decisive act of the battle. This Victorian picture shows the inside of the gate : The interior of Hougoumont contained a number of interesting features, among which was the dovecote: Which brings us to the areas of uncertainty. The records show that the fire began in the haystack to the southwest of the south gate. Wellington himself sensed the risk that the fire might transfer to the barns along the west side of the complex. This risk was compounded by French howitzer fire which set light to the roof of the barns and then set the chateau itself alight. These pictures illustrate the ensuing damage. Early pictures suggest part of the Chateau survived: As time went on, more of it fell down: By the Victorian age, photographs show the remnants: This famous painting of the North Gate was painted in the late Victorian period and shows the gate in the much the condition it would have looked in the late 19th Century: Siborne's model indicates that nearly all the roofs burnt off, less those on the north side: One possible explanation for the speed with which the fire communicated from the haystack to the barns is that they were roofed in thatch and not tiles. Certainly, all the buildings to the west and north of the complex lost their roofs, as shown in these next four pictures: One model in the Waterloo museum suggests they were thatched: I find it hard to judge whether this might have been the case. Certainly, the fire in the barns was fast and intensely hot and left nothing of the original roof, perhaps suggesting thatch. But the roof of the chateau also burnt and that was obviously not thatched. Was thatch a traditional local building material? Interestingly, there is a sketch of La Haye Farm (not to be confused with La Haye Sainte) of 1894 made by the historian A.H. Kennedy-Herbert showing that its roof was still thatched at that date. For those who visited Hougoumont a few years ago, and saw it in its dilapidated state, news that it was to be refurbished was indeed welcome. The newly restored Hougoumont is a tremendous achievement, but is it a little over-done? While removal of the Victorian annexe to the farmer's house is good news, the roof tiles look too new and the restored North Gate is too solid a construction when compared with the ramshackle evidence from Victorian photographs: How then to portray Hougoumont? Clearly, timing matters given that this was a battle that went on all day. Some have chosen to show the chateau in near pristine condition at an early point in the fight. These models are hugely impressive: The Winchester model shows a later point in the day: There is also a need to show as much of the complex action as possible (including the Allied contribution and events such the famous ammunition re-supply). One of my earliest posts showed my Hougoumont model, which illustrates the complex after the fire had done its worst. Before I proceed to put it on to scenario boards and populate it with troops, I'd be interested in your thoughts on whether my analysis is about right.
It's been a long time - July and September 2015 to be precise, but I still get the occasional email with questions, and often praise, for what we did then and which was mostly reported on this blog. That was: LHS A three day long wargame refighting about 3.5 hours of the action round La Haye Sainte. The French cavalry and infantry assaults up Mont St Jean, and support from part of the Grand Battery near La Belle Alliance. In our game the French did not make quite enough effort in the time available and we declared it a victory for Wellington. That game has been reported in great depth on this blog - a summary and links are here......and terrain building here. For now just two pics as a reminder: Hougoumont Apologies for taking 18 months to report this game. A three day long wargame refighting the French infantry attacks, over about 4 hours, on Hougoumont Chateau, Farm, Gardens and Orchards and then trying to gain a foothold on the lower slope of Mont St Jean. In our game the French upset history by pushing the British and Nassau defenders out of all the major objectives and even got a small way up the ridge behind. For both these games it was difficult to keep track precisely of how many 28mm figures were in use, but it was probably about 3000 in each game and, allowing for about 1500 being common to both games, around 4500 figures over the two games from the collections of 6 wargamers. Each involved 5 or 6 players and two umpires on most of the six days. I never got round to reporting Hougoumont properly till now, though there are several posts described making the terrain. So here is the biggest selection of photos yet posted of that game in progress. I am lucky though that, whereas LHS was "my" game, Kevin East has written a lot about this one which was "his" game really, so anything in italics are Kevin's words: "The battle for Hougoumont…….history rewritten? We were not out to re-enact the battle for Hougoumont in all its desperate struggle, but to concentrate on the main attacks by the French that were the most ferocious on the day and actually had a chance of achieving its aim. The main attacks by Baudin’s brigade (11.20 am– 12.30pm approx) and Soye’s brigade (12.30pm – 1.15pm approx) were the ones to concentrate on (some 13 French battalions at 1:3 ratio was quite a sight!). There was also to be a brief inclusion of the brigade commanded by Tissot from 1.45pm. The latter intervention, in 1815, was after a lull in proceedings which gave the brave defenders a chance to regroup, add reinforcements and build additional defences. Ready and prepared for what was to come. In game turns the Allies could win if they prevented the French from achieving their objective by our close of play on the Sunday evening (3 days gaming). To do so they had to maintain control of all areas of the chateau complex (all buildings, courtyards, formal garden and orchards). To prevent the French from bypassing Hougoumont and so enabling them to attack the main forces on the ridge was also an important consideration. If the Allied units were forced away from the sunken road/covered way just to the North of the garden and orchard this would not have sufficed since if the French gained a firm grip on the road line there would be no cover for the Allies against a full frontal attack on the ridge. The Allies and French each had a time chart to follow that did let them know what move forces were arriving but they were to make decisions as to where they were arriving on the table (with certain location restrictions – please see charts and aerial view diagrams ) at least two moves before it actually happened. This was to replicate the situation where the Allied commanders on the day saw a weakness and then tried to plug the gap through delivering speedy orders for the release of impatiently waiting troops. The French were given a similar opportunity and had to make several early decisions for the struggle to take the chateau. This, therefore, set the scene and the opportunity to change arrival locations (not times) for both sides, gave us an unpredictable wargame rather than a reproduction of the battle for Hougoumont that took place in 1815. The Allies had several companies of Nassauers and Guards Light companies already on the table in Move One ALLIED TIME CHART FOR HOUGOUMONT GAME 11th – 13th September 2015 MOVE NUMBER TIME UNITS AVAILABLE 1 11.30am 2 11.40am 3 11.50am DECISION: location arrival of move 5 units 4 12.00pm 5 12.10pm Saltoun :arrives lt coys 2/1, 3/1 6 12.20pm 7 12.30pm Bull: Howitzer battery arrives 8 12.40pm DECISION: location arrival of move 10 units 9 12.50pm 10 1.00pm Ammunition wagon Mackinnon: Grenadiers 2/C, 2coys centre 2/C DECISION: location arrival of move 12 units 11 1.10pm 12 1.20pm Woodford: 4 coys centre 2/C 13 1.30pm 14 1.40pm DECISION: location arrival of move 16 units 15 1.50pm DECISION: location arrival of move 17 units 16 2.00pm Mercer: 2 coys 2/3 gds DECISION: See umpire 17 2.10pm Hepburn: 4 coys 2/3 gds 18 2.20pm 19 2.30pm 20 2.40pm The Allies will choose arrival locations two turns prior to units arrival on the table. (Please see time chart). The unit arrives on its move as indicated below: - NORTH SIDE OF BOARD:7,8,9,10,11,12 FRENCH TIME CHART FOR HOUGOUMONT GAME MOVE NUMBER TIME UNITS AVAILABLE 1 11.30am Baudin: 4/2 legere, 3/1, 2/1, 1/1 legere DECISION: location arrival of move 3 units 2 11.40am DECISION: Arrival location of move 4 unit 3 11.50am 1/2, 2/2, 3/2 legere 4 12.00pm Engineer company DECISION: Arrival locations for move 6 units 5 12.10pm DECISION: Arrival locations for move 7 units 6 12.20pm Horse artillery (units 41,42,43) DECISION: Arrival locations for move 8 units 7 12.30pm Soye: 1/1, 2/1, 3/1 ligne 8 12.40pm 1/2, 2/2,3/2 ligne 9 12.50pm 10 1.00pm DECISION: Arrival locations for move 12 units. 11 1.10pm 12 1.20pm Tissot: Brigade 13 1.30pm 14 1.40pm 15 1.50pm 16 2.00pm 17 2.10pm 18 2.20pm 19 2.30pm 20 2.40pm The French will choose arrival locations two moves prior to units arrival on the table. (Please see time chart). The unit arrives on the move with further delayed arrivals as indicated below: - WEST SIDE OF BOARD:A,B,C,D SOUTH SIDE OF BOARD 1,2,3,4,5,6. ARRIVAL AT ALLOCATED MOVE: A&1,2,3 ARRIVAL 0NE MOVE LATER: B&4,5 ARRIVAL 2 MOVES LATER: C&6 ARRIVAL 3 MOVES LATER: D In addition to this there was also the event and command dice rolls to be made by each side (before the start of each move) that aided specific events to happen that had occurred on the great day ……..a touch of good and bad luck was had by both sides in their replication here! (See the end of this post for a link to the briefing, orbats and other activity documents) A few highlights from Day 1 - only me taking the French playing against James. Kevin umpired throughout. Wargame Changes from 1815…………..(as viewed by the defenders) Allied left flank –the orchard: Saltoun moved into the chateau complex straight away (in the game) rather than moving in and supporting those Nassauers in the orchard. This did lead to a quicker collapse in the left wing of the allies (a calculated risk by the allied commander) but the Nassauers did hold the French up enough so that Mackinnon could challenge the French at the sunken lane (just as Saltoun had done back in 1815). Mackinnon and his three units, given the challenge alongside the remaining Nassauers on that flank, were fighting hard by the end of the battle but were losing ground to the shear mass of advancing Frenchmen. Allied centre - garden wall: The Nassauers in the garden did not hold the wall as well as those from 1815. An unlucky morale dice throw threw them back from the wall for one move which gave the French a great chance to start climbing over. Only half a dozen Frenchman made that fateful decision in 1815 and were to lose their lives in doing so. Not so here, there were plenty of Frenchmen achieving this aim. It’s strange that despite the terrific Nassau defence in 1815 I have not seen any contemporary images showing the Nassauers fighting in the chateau itself. Yes, they show plenty of British guardsmen but no visual feast of those lovely coloured Nassau uniforms that looked so resplendent, this time in model figure form on our miniature battlefield. The chateau Saltoun’s guards were to fight in the chateau alongside Macdonnel’s and the Nassau grenadiers. They held very well until the south gatehouse gates were destroyed ( you will no doubt be aware this did not happen in 1815) and their flanks were exposed. The north gate survived any incursion in this wargame although it was broken down in 1815 with roughly 50 invaders getting inside the courtyard. All losing their lives in doing so except for a French drummer boy. The war of attrition in the chateau complex was as fierce as on the real day. The defenders of the chateau becoming short on ammunition as in history. The much heralded arrival of ammunition in 1815 helped save the day but on this occasion the ammunition wagon was not to appear through the north gate as it arrived just as the French were attacking it. This was to spell the slow demise of a spirited defence of the chateau itself with many troops gradually being unable to defend positions fully. The gardener (Guillaume Van Cutsen who stayed in the chateau and helped load muskets) unfortunately lost his life on this occasion in September 2015 and his daughter was seen cradling her father. The chateau itself was also on fire as were a number of other buildings. The French howitzer battery, that was assembled to do this, achieving their aim just as in 1815. Allied right flank – the vegetable garden This appeared to follow very much in line with history for the first part (a slow retreat by Macdonnel until moving into the north of the farm). Mercer and Hepburn were deemed by the umpire (myself) to arrive a few moves earlier than expected after having seen the desperate position the defenders were in. This shored up the right flank for a while and directly north of the chateau but they could not support those inside the walls of the chateau directly. Lots more happening in the photos from Day Two. Richard took over the French aided by Paul D and Graham Ward; Tony Woodman came along to assist James with the British, Nassau and Hanoverian Light Infantry. Random elements introduced some Royal Horse Artillery and some Horse guns for the French too. Attack on the South gate by pioneers At bottom left "L'enfonceur" forces the small West side door Graham and Richard sort out French battalions with Kevin's help A single RHA division had arrived on the right flank Massive French assault on the Great Orchard, thinly held by Hanoverian light infantry View from North side of the formal garden James removes Nassau casualties from the small kitchen garden Temporary clearance of the approach to the North gate More French arrive on the extreme right flank French break through the South gate The RHA are overwhelmed and Guard Light Company destroyed Howitzers set the Chateau on fire Progress across the Great Orchard British defend the Great Barn while the Chateau continues to burn And the bodies of Nassauers caught by falling masonry. Photo by Kevin East Two more French battalions on the West side of the Chateau sweep past the abandoned RHA cannon British Coldstream Guards companies come down from Mont St Jean to help....... ...the Nassau infantry who had retreated to the "covered way". This and slopes of Mont St Jean were modelled on the 7 feet long extra bit British "off field" artillery were on the window cill representing Mont St Jean! No more opposition here so French infantry approach the North gate Nassau v. French hand to hand clash in the formal garden By the end of this day's play the French had got across the table through the Great Orchard, were threatening the North gate in great strength and had pushed the Nassau defenders right across the formal garden. Must say I'm getting a bit excited preparing this blog and finding it difficult to exclude photos as there was so much going on! So here is Day Three and a lot more photos! Paul H. joined the British on this day, we were grateful to him for contributing quite a lot of the figures to this and the LHS game. A wagon has been drawn across the doorway joining the two courtyards and a scratch squad defends it Nassauers still hold the covered way and try to enable the replenishing ammunition wagon to get through Above and below: 2nd Battalion of 1st Legere is making good progress across the garden and against the East wall gate A couple of battalions lay claim to the woods and ponds North of Hougoumont from where British reinforcements are expected Paul sizes up the view his Little Lead Men might get through the South gate and beyond, backed by an expert legal opinion from Richard :-) A good view of Graham's attack across the Great Orchard. The sky/smoke backdrop marks the edge of the covered way which in turn is shown by the hedge along the near edge of "the extra bit". Lower slope of Mont St Jean beyond with an imaginary gap leading up to British artillery on the ridge several hundred yards back. Smoke balls indicate some shelling from those guns - Bull's howitzer battery I believe that is the gardener and his daughter just to the left of the well tower The above sequence shows more of Bull's howitzer action against the 2/1 Legere at the East wall....... ..........and the effect inside the Great Barn near the North gate A Guards Light company defends the East wall Nassau Grenadiers are still just about holding in the upper floor of the South Gatehouse while French infantry have progressed through the gate and way beyond A weakened Nassau company prepares to defend the West entrance to the covered way, marked by my trompe l'oeuil photo effects on the backdrop Paul H looks pensive before bringing on more British Guards from the North side - with some justification! See below for their first volley,,,,,,, A French Line company organises itself for another attack on the South gatehouse. Tony senses things are not going so well for the Allies as he ponders all those Frenchmen in the Orchard But that ammo wagon is making progress..... ...........None too soon as Graham's French column outflanks the Hanoverian Jaegers at the end of the Allied line........... ........Then just in time another couple of Guards companies are despatched by Wellington down MSJ to try to block them. A desperate struggle ensues A British company defends the NW corner with musketry And the French bring up their pioneers with axes to the North gate....... .......while more Nassauers suffer from French howitzer fire against the stables in the North wall Volleys continue to be exchanged at the Northern edge of our playing area But there is some hope for the Allies as more troops come down from MSJ A wagon has been found carelessly lying around in the formal garden and is used by the 1st Legere to assail the East wall All the Nassau infantry have now departed from the formal garden and small orchard leaving the French to carry on against the covered way...... ....where that Royal Wagon Train ammo tumbril is still trying to make some progress towards the beleaguered chateau This wider view of the East wall shows the struggle there and across to the North gate and then the French beyond seeing off some of Paul H's Guards! British Guards still contest their left flank though, using slight uphill advantage as well as better morale and fresher troops French Voltigeurs and Grenadiers try to force a way through into the North courtyard and Great Barn.......... .....where weakened British try to stem the tide now that the East wall has been scaled and crossed. The gardener's daughter cradles her dying Dad near the central tower The thin red line is forced to create a right flank defence behind the West end of the covered way...... ...and French infantry are already assaulting across it (bottom right) This overall picture shows the bleak situation for the remaining defenders of Hougoumont. Horse artillery had been brought up in case the walls or gates needed breaching at close range, but it has not been necessary The wagon party has realised they are too late to get through, so ammunition within Hougoumont continues to diminish With the Guards in front of them having retired these French grenadiers are probably entitled to a drink from a bloody pond! Some shattered French units try to recover in the shelter of the southern garden wall, and the artillery remain idle waiting for an opening to be useful This last view is where the valiant remnants of the Nassau grenadiers finally surrender the gatehouse Wargame Changes from 1815…………..(as viewed by the attackers) The French were very fortunate in 2015. Many major incursions were made in this game, the orchard, the garden wall and south gate as already described. In addition to this the French also managed to gain entry into the west side building walls through a single unlocked door ( undefended and marched past in the real 1815 French attack). It was Lieutenant Legros ( L’enfonceur – smasher who broke down the north gate in 1815) who appeared at this unlocked door in the game with a lucky event dice throw to have a good chance of entry. That he duly achieved! More French pushed their way in. Whilst hard fought events were going the way of the French move 10 arrived and they had to make a decision. Were they to request further reinforcements (Tissot) to complete the task? In doing so they would have to remove crippled units from the field of play and they would be used as fresh troops for Tissot’s brigade. The trouble was this decision had to be made two moves prior to their arrival so the units that would be used for this purpose would have to start retiring now…this move. The French only opted for one battalion to retire and come on 2 moves later on the south east side of the table. This proved unnecessary in the end as the outcome two moves later was written on the wall for the game. The French stormed to a victory in this game and fulfilled their brief in most part as the chateau was about to fall totally into their hands as entry through the North gate was just about to happen. The allies were short of troops and short of ammunition, a joint combination that was to spell the end of a valiant defence. Of course we could only provide a scenario relative to a short few hours but it was the hottest of activity for the purpose of the wargame. This wargame scenario turned the result on it’s head from those days of 1815. A sad day for the Allies who were on the verge of surrendering in the chateau (some did) as they were unable to fight any longer. A truly memorable set up with great scenery and lots of lovely figures to game with using bespoke rules to create the atmosphere of historic reality. It won’t be forgotten for a long while……….at least I hope not! I feel as if we have barely touched the surface of this rich game as Kevin has just as many photos, many of them close-ups of his marvellous figures, or wide angles across the big battalions. However I think this is more than enough for now and I must save them for another post, except for these three by Kevin: This one is just to prove I was really there and trying to do something useful - to explain to James how his Nassauers could get back into the fight at the garden wall: A wonderful example of the effect of big battalions when a few nerds, er I mean enthusiasts, put their collections together: And I was answering a call of nature when the gardener and his daughter tried to make their escape so I don't really know what happened - I think this is the young lady about to administer to a wounded Guardsman: For those who would like to have a go themselves Kevin and I have made available the briefing documentation and rules we used for these games, so please help yourselves, but not for commercial purposes. If you find them useful please let us know. If you pass them on please give this blog, and Kevin and me, some credit as there is an awful lot of time and effort invested here. Thanks to all those who participated in this madness in any way, and to those of you who have given such unstinting support by your comments on this blog since 2013, please keep it up! FREE DOWNLOADS Specially created rules for Waterloo 1:3 scale wargaming: "With MacDonnell and Baring 1815" Hougoumont Game Documentation: Hougoumont FRENCH Hougoumont ALLIED
The £800m project will close 10 platforms at London Waterloo until 28 August.
The fight around the Chateau of Hougoumont is one of the best documented aspects of Waterloo. It was also a self-contained tactical contest that went on all day. But despite our knowledge of what took place, there remains some areas of doubt. The site consisted of a small chateau surrounded by farm buildings: But the buildings only represent a proportion of the overall estate, which included a wood, orchards and gardens: This modern photograph has been adjusted to show how the estate would have looked in 1815: The Siborne model shows how much the Hougoumont estate dominated the west of the battlefield: Evidence from an earlier period suggests that the chateau had an extensive formal 18th Century garden: By the time of Waterloo, this formal garden was reduced in size, but it still existed. Victorian photographs show that the balustrade survived: So far, so good, but two key questions arise: how damaged were the buildings by the fighting? and given that many were reduced by fire, what did they look like before the battle? Denis Dighton is a reliable source, but two pictures of exactly the same location suggest that the roof just to the right of the farmer's dwelling was much more damaged in the second picture. Is this perhaps some time later? The first picture must be immediately after the battle and shows two Prussian officers observing the dead being placed in a pit. The second picture could be later because the bush to the left of the building looks bigger. This picture suggests a similar location for the burial pit: This picture from the British Museum is at a more oblique angle, so it is hard to tell what damage occurred to the roof: Denis Dighton used the same view from a slightly greater distance to show the fight in front of the South Gate: This picture shows the same location, but gets the line of the garden wall wrong: This picture shows how difficult it was for the French to cross the field of fire: To the right of the above scene is the long wall that runs from west to east. This wall was loopholed by the British and we can assume that they built platforms to shoot from the top. This turned the open ground between the wall and the trees into a killing zone. This is a Victorian photograph of the wall: Having failed in a direct assault, the French therefore exploited to the west of the Great Barn and it was here that Sergeant Frazer unhorsed Colonel Cubieres: The action then moved to the North Gate, the closing of which was described by Wellington as the decisive act of the battle. This Victorian picture shows the inside of the gate : The interior of Hougoumont contained a number of interesting features, among which was the dovecote: Which brings us to the areas of uncertainty. The records show that the fire began in the haystack to the southwest of the south gate. Wellington himself sensed the risk that the fire might transfer to the barns along the west side of the complex. This risk was compounded by French howitzer fire which set light to the roof of the barns and then set the chateau itself alight. These pictures illustrate the ensuing damage. Early pictures suggest part of the Chateau survived: As time went on, more of it fell down: By the Victorian age, photographs show the remnants: This famous painting of the North Gate was painted in the late Victorian period and shows the gate in the much the condition it would have looked in the late 19th Century: Siborne's model indicates that nearly all the roofs burnt off, less those on the north side: One possible explanation for the speed with which the fire communicated from the haystack to the barns is that they were roofed in thatch and not tiles. Certainly, all the buildings to the west and north of the complex lost their roofs, as shown in these next four pictures: One model in the Waterloo museum suggests they were thatched: I find it hard to judge whether this might have been the case. Certainly, the fire in the barns was fast and intensely hot and left nothing of the original roof, perhaps suggesting thatch. But the roof of the chateau also burnt and that was obviously not thatched. Was thatch a traditional local building material? Interestingly, there is a sketch of La Haye Farm (not to be confused with La Haye Sainte) of 1894 made by the historian A.H. Kennedy-Herbert showing that its roof was still thatched at that date. For those who visited Hougoumont a few years ago, and saw it in its dilapidated state, news that it was to be refurbished was indeed welcome. The newly restored Hougoumont is a tremendous achievement, but is it a little over-done? While removal of the Victorian annexe to the farmer's house is good news, the roof tiles look too new and the restored North Gate is too solid a construction when compared with the ramshackle evidence from Victorian photographs: How then to portray Hougoumont? Clearly, timing matters given that this was a battle that went on all day. Some have chosen to show the chateau in near pristine condition at an early point in the fight. These models are hugely impressive: The Winchester model shows a later point in the day: There is also a need to show as much of the complex action as possible (including the Allied contribution and events such the famous ammunition re-supply). One of my earliest posts showed my Hougoumont model, which illustrates the complex after the fire had done its worst. Before I proceed to put it on to scenario boards and populate it with troops, I'd be interested in your thoughts on whether my analysis is about right.
So langsam neigt sich das Waterloo-Jubiläumsjahr dem Ende entgegen. Für mich war es deshalb Ehrensache, das Schlachtfeld, die restaurierten Gebäude und das neue Museum noch einmal selbst aufzusuche…
Thom Atkinson, a U.K. photographer, spent nine months working on an incredibly detailed and interesting project, titled Soldiers’ Inventories. It consists
So langsam neigt sich das Waterloo-Jubiläumsjahr dem Ende entgegen. Für mich war es deshalb Ehrensache, das Schlachtfeld, die restaurierten Gebäude und das neue Museum noch einmal selbst aufzusuche…
200th Anniversary of Waterloo There is almost too much to celebrate at the moment. We had National...
Ich bin derzeit wieder mal im Waterloo-Modus und bereite gerade ein Skirmish-Szenario für ein TableTop-Wochenende vor. Thema des Szenarios sind die Kämpfe um die Farm La Haye Sainte während der Sch…
Waterloo Station Through Time - Signed The first Waterloo Station opened in 1848 and was originally owned by the London & South Western Railway and originally known as Waterloo Bridge Station. John Christopher tells the story of Waterloo from its early beginnings, when the LSWR extended its route from Nine Elms, to the present day. What's inside 'Waterloo Station Through Time' The current building was completed in 1922 following a huge rebuilding programme started in 1899. Catering for suburban traffic, Waterloo is also the major station for trains to Southampton, Portsmouth and Bournemouth and once served the famous boat trains. Close by was the London Necropolis Railway station, which took coffins to Brookwood Cemetery. Eurostar trains and Waterloo Station For a time, the station was the base for Eurostar trains and a new Crossrail project may see Waterloo connected with Euston. This fascinating selection of photographs traces some of the many ways in which Waterloo Station has changed and developed over the years. It is now Britain's busiest and largest station. Other London railway stations in this 'Through Time' series include Paddington Station, Victoria Station, King's Cross Station and Euston Station. 'Waterloo Station Through Time' in detail Author: John Christopher (signed)Publisher: Amberley Publishing 2015ISBN: 9781445650852Format: Softback 96 pagesSize: 235 x 165 mmCondition: New Part of the Droids Books Collection
Image 31 of 31 from gallery of Waterloo Arts Quad Outdoor Spaces / Bennett Oh. Diagram
Thomas sent me these photos over - French lanciers at first Next an idea from Frank Herberger. Use the little balls of a pen color cartridge as cannon-balls. And here the result. Hey, this Highlanders are some of my own castings I did nearly 20 years ago. Good to see them here! And finally he asked Ingo to sculpt him some dismounted French Train soldiers for the 1815 campaign.
