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Collapsible eolic generator The collapsible eolic generator is a school project at Buenos Aires University by Marcos Madia, Sergio Ohashi and Juan Manuel Pantano. The main idea of the project was t...
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Description my@ m wm W. G. MLLER -WIND POWER GENERATOR Filed June 22, 1923 llululf Patented ug. l2, i924.. WILLIAM O. MILLER, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN. WIND-POWER GENERATOR. , Application filed June 22, 1923. . To yall whom t may concern.' Be it known that I, WILLIAM O. MILLER, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Detroit, in the county of Wayne and State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Wind- Power Generators, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings. This invention relates to wind engines or devices for translating the power of the atmosphere in motion into useful energy for driving electric power generators, air compressors or other devices and machines, and its object is to provide very simple and efficient means for the purpose which will generate a maximum of power and which is so constructed and arranged that it will freely turn upon a vertical axis and head into the wind without the necessity for fins, tail members or other external directional means. A further object is to provide a member rotated by the power of the wind which will be very efficient in operation and which embodies structural bracing to provide a very strong and rigid device which may be built of any desired dimensions and will utilize the power of cross or diagonal air currents as well as the direct pressure of the wind. It is also an object to provide a suitable support for the power member which is rotated by the wind, and which support willl offer the minimum of interference and will provide a housing for devices or machinery to be driven by the wind driven power device. It is also an object of the invention to so arrange the support as to provide free rotation of the wind driven member about a vertical axis and permit motion to be transmitted from such members without interference with such turning movement, and to provide certain other new and useful features in the construction, arrangement and combination of parts, all as hereinafter more fully described. With the above and other ends in view, the invention consists in providing a wind screw having a blade or flange of conical spiral formation secured upon a horizontally arranged shaft which is mounted upon and supported by a casing or turret arranged to turn upon a vertical axis, and further consists in the construction, arrangement and other mattershereinafter more fully described, and Serial No. 647,024. particularly vpointed out in the appended claims, reference being had to the accompanying drawing in which- Figure l is a side elevation of a device illustrative of the invention; Fig. 2 isa similar' view, partly in section, and drawn to a larger scale; l ig. 3 is an end elevation of a wind screw, an Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional detail of the wind screw, substantially upon the line IV-IV of Fig. 3. lAs shown in the drawing, l indicates a wind screw comprising a horizontally disposed shaft 2 upon which a blade 3 is secured, said blade extending outwardly at right angles to the shaft to provide a helical wind screw or wheel of conical form. YTo secure this blade to the shaft and brace the same, bracing means is provided at the rear side of the blade or the side thereof facing toward the larger end of the screw and such bracing may consist, as shown in Fig. 2, of a continuous wall 4 secured in any suitable manner at one edge to the shaft, and at its opposite edge to the blade adjacent the outer edge of the blade, said wall being inclined longitudinally of the shaft toward the rear face of the blade to which its outer edge is secured, to form a brace extending from the shaft to the blade for bracing the blade against wind pressure upon the forward face of the blade. In Fig. l is illustrated bracing comprising a series of rods 5 secured at one'end to the shaft `adjacent the base or line of attachment of the blade to the shaft and extending diagonally outward and secured at their outer ends to the next adjacent turn of the blade near the periphery of the blade. With this form of bracingl as well as the continuous bracing wall 4, the bracing is at the rear side of the blade in the direction of the movement of the air currents which operate upon the forward side of the spiral blade rto turn the wind screw, and therefore such bracing does not interfere with these air currents. To support the shaft 2 of the wind screw, a suitable casing or turret 6 is mounted upon a tower 7 in a manner to permit free turning movement of the turret upon the tower, as herein-after more fullyy described, and this turret is provided with bearings 8 at opposite sides thereof through which bearings the shaft extends and through the turret, the shaftbeing continuous and turning freely vupon itsV own yaxis within said bearings, but the spiral blade 3 thereon being interrupted or made in two parts with one part on each end portion of the shaft which projects laterally from thev turret. ln plan view, this turret is circular and comprises `an upperI end wall or cap 9 and a circular side wall which is pro-vided with .the bearings 8 .for the shaft 2 and is also preferably formed intermediate its ends with an inwardly extending annular shoulder forming an offset in the wall, and a lowerreduced end por-tion 11 adapted to extend within the tubular upper end portion 12 of the tower, which tower portion has a bottom wall 13 or'the like adapted to form a support for the turret, anti-friction members, such as rollersla being interposedbetweensaid support and the lower end or ioor 15 of the turret.` Similar antifriction members 16 are also carried by 'the turret adjacent the shoulder 10 to run upon -a suitable track onthe wall of the tubular end portion 12 of the tower, land side thrust rollers 17 for the like are interposed between Yses Y portion 11 of the turret. said wallv andrthe wall of the reduced end The turret is thus mounted partially within the upper tubular end of the tower to turn freely upon a vertilcal axis, sothat the wind screw may swing upon this Vertical aX-is to head into the wind, thatvis, with its end of smallest diameter directed .toward the wind, and such swinging movement is effected by the pressure of the wind upon the screw, las such screw is 4of considerably larger diameter at one `end than :at the other. The wind screw will therefore always point toward .the wind and be in operative position. As the shaft of the wind screw is carried by the turret and extends through the upper pant-thereof, the turret will be turned by the swinging of .the screw, andas this turret is of comparatively large dimensions, it may be utilized .as power generator or machinery room in which may be mounted an electric generator indicated at 18, an air compressor, indicated at `19 or the like, adapted to be Vdriven directly from the shaft 2 of the wind screw by means of vpulleys and belts or yany other suitable means for tran'smitting'power through a direct connection with said. shaft, this direct trans- Vmission of power being made possible by the mounting of such power generators within the turret which turns with the swinging of the wind lscrew upon theY ver-tical aXis ofthe tower or support for the shaft of the' screw. The space with-in fthe tower below Ithe turret may be utilized as storage space for arirA put under pressure by the air compressor Vor for any other purpose, and as shown'in Fig. 1, access may be had to the interior of the turret by means of a ladder 20 which is secured to the upper part 'of the turret and leads to a door opening therein, the lower end of the ladder riding upon the exterior of the tower to turn with the turret so that the ladder will always be opposite the door, regardless of the rotation of the turret. Inforder to check or stop the rotation of the wind screw, when desired, a brake drum 21 may be provided upon the shaft 2 within the turret and means provided to frictionally engage this drum, such as a brake band 22 or the like, and which band may be Yoperated by any suitable means to bring it into frictional contact with the surface of the drum. lith this arrangement of wind screw, a large amount of power will be generated due to the tapering or conical form of the i screw, as each turn of the screw blade is presented to the wind with the surface of the bladek inclined rearwardly in the direction of the wind, thus causing the blade to be acted upon throughout its entire length and also inwardly of the blade'toward thc shaft, the air in motion following along the blade and escaping at the rear end of the screw without being thrown off laterally to the same extent as in an ordinariy wind wheel. Lateral or diagonal air currents will also act upon the spiral blade, and as the turret which supports the wind screw is circular in plan View, it will oiilcr a minimum of resist-ance and deflection to air currents flowing longitudinally of the screw. As all working parts are housed within thc turret, they do not interfere with the free iiow of the air currents and motion to drive the same may be taken directly from thc wind Ascrew shaft, and conduits or other means for delivering the current or air pressure generated by the generator or air compressor in the turretmay bc lcd from thc turret at the vertical axis thereof without the necessity for complicated joints or coun'ections. The bracing for the blade of the wind screw being at the rear side of the blade, supports 'the blade against the pressure of thewind upon its front face, and said front face presents a smooth surface. The bracing being at the rear side of the blade, will not interfere with, or deflect the air currents, and a very strong, rigid structure is secured which is light in weight as compared with its diameter. These wind screws may, therefore, be constructed as large as desired, in order to generate the desired amount of power, and it is obvious that' other changes may be made in the size and proportion of the parts and in the details of construction within the scope of the appended claims, without departing from the spirit of the invention. i scanso i i What I claim is: l. A device of the character described including a member to be rotated by air curs rents and comprising a shafteand a blade extending longitudinally and spirally of the shaft, said spiral being of gradually increasing diameter from one end of the shaft toward the opposite end, and means for pivotally supporting said shaft intermediate its ends, whereby wind pressure will turn said member upon its pivotal support with its end of smallest diameter facing the wind. 2. A device of the character described including a wind member comprising a shaft and a blade extending longitudinally and spirally of said shaft, said spiral blade being interrupted intermediate the ends of said shaft, and a support for said shaft rotatable upon a vertical axis, said shaft being supported by said support intermediate its ends within the interruption of said blade. 3. A device of the character described including a wind screw comprising a horin zontally disposed shaft and a blade extending longitudinally of the shaft from each end thereof and interrupted intermediate the ends of said shaft, said blade'being of greater diameterat one end of the shaft than at `the opposite end thereof, a support for said shaft within the interruption of said blade, said support being provided with bearings within which the shaft is free to rotate upon its longitudinal axis and said support being rotatable upon a vertical axis. 4. A device of the character described comprising a support rotatable upon a vertical axis, a horizontally disposed shaft mounted in bearings on said support intermediate its ends, with the end portions of said shaft extending laterally beyond said support, and a blade secured upon the projecting end portions of said shaft longitudinally and spirally thereof with the spiral interrupted at the support and of gradually decreasing diameter, from one end of the shaft toward the other. f 5. A wind screw comprising a horizontally disposed shaft and a blade extending longi tudinally and spirally of said shaft to the extreme ends of said shaft, said blade being of gradually decreasing diameter from one end of the shaft toward the opposite end thereof. 6. A wind screw comprising a horizontally disposed shaft and a blade secured to said shaft and extending longitudinally and spirally thereof to the ends of said shaft, and bracing for said blade at the rear side thereof in the direction of wind pressure upon the blade. 7. A wind screw comprising a horizontally disposed continuous shaft, a blade on said shaft extending longitudinally and spirally thereof to its extreme ends, said blade being interrupted intermediate its ends and of greater diameter at one end of the shaft than at the opposite end thereof, said shaft being supported within said interruption of the blade to swing freely upon a vertical axis, and bracing for said blade at the rear side of the blade in the direction of wind pressure thereon. 8. A wind-power generator including a wind screw comprising a horizontally disposed shaft and a blade extending longitudinally and spirally of said shaft with said spiral of greater diameter at one end of said shaft than at the opposite end, and a turret provided with bearings for said shaft and rotatable upon a vertical axis, said turret .forming a housing for means for transmitting motion from said shaft. 9. A wind-power generator comprising a tower, a turret rotatable upon said tower, a horizontally disposed shaft mounted in bear ings on said turret to rotate freely upon its longitudinal axis and swing with the turret upon the vertical axis thereof, means within the turret for transmitting motion from the shaft, and a blade on the shaft extending longitudinally and spirally thereof to the extreme ends of the shaft and interrupted intermediate its ends to provide a space for the support of said shaft by the turret, said spiral blade being of gradually decreasing diameter from one end of the shaft to the opposite end thereof. l0. A wind-power generator comprising a tower, a turret of tubular form mounted upon said tower to turn freely thereon about a vertical axis, a horizontally disposed shaft extending through said turret with end portions extending laterally in opposite directions from said turret and mounted in bearings on said turret to turn freely thereon, a blade extending longitudinally and spirally of each laterally extending end port-ion of the shaft, means upon said shaft within said turret for transmitting motion from said shaft, and means within said turret and carried thereby to turn therewith, for utilizing motion transmitted from said shaft. ll. A wind-power generator comprising a tower having a tubular upper end portion, a closed cylindrical turret projecting into the tubular upper end portion of the tower, anti-friction means interposed between said turret and tower walls to permit free turning movement of the turret upon the tower about a vertical axis, a horizontally disposed shaft extending through and mounted in bearings on said turret with end portions of said shaft extending laterally in opposite directions beyond opposite sides of said turret, a blade extending longitudinally and spirally of each projecting end portion of the shaft with said spiral of gradually decreasing diameter from one end of said yshaft to kthe other end thereof, a bracing Wall converting -for .transmitting motion from said shaft and said motion into useful energy. at the rear side of said blade in the direction In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature of Wind pressure upon the blade and extendn presence of two Witnesses. ing throughout the length of the blade and WILLIAM O. MILLER. inclined toward the blade, and means Within Witnesses: said turret carried thereby to turn therewith LEWIS E. FLANDERS, ETHEL V. SEIBEL.
Description BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the general art of power generation, and to the particular field of wind power generators. 2. Discussion of the Related Art Wind power generators have been known for centuries. Windmills have been used to operate machinery, produce power and the like for many years. Recently, interest in wind power generators has increased because wind is a cheap natural resource. Therefore, the technology associated with wind power generators has developed many systems that are more effective in producing power than the windmills of past generations. It is well understood that the amount of power that a wind power generator using a propeller can generate is proportional to the velocity of the wind flowing past the propeller. In fact, some relationships make this proportionality a cube of the wind velocity. Therefore, there is a need for a wind power generator which increases the velocity of air passing a propeller of the wind power generator. The air flowing through the wind power generator should not create turbulence as it flows through the device. Such turbulence may decrease the efficiency of the generator. Many known wind power generators have elements that may create turbulence in the fluid flowing through the device. Therefore, there is a need for a wind power generator which increases the velocity of air passing a propeller of the wind power generator without creating an undue amount of turbulence in the flowing fluid. PRINCIPAL OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION It is a main object of the present invention to provide a wind power generator which increases the velocity of air passing a propeller of the wind power generator. It is another object of the present invention to provide a wind power generator which increases the velocity of air passing a propeller of the wind power generator without creating an undue amount of turbulence in the flowing fluid. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION These, and other, objects are achieved by a wind power generator which includes a converging-diverging shape adjacent to the blades of the generator with the blades being located adjacent to the throat area of the converging-diverging shape. The blades are mounted on a solid that is in the shape of a prolate spheroid and are located on the center plane of that body. The converging-diverging shape is defined by a wall that is elliptical shaped in cross section and which has a center plane located at the center plane of the spheroid. The wind power generator embodying the present invention makes maximum use of any wind flowing through the generator and has the rotor blades to be located at the location of maximum efficiency for the fluid flowing through the generator. In this manner, the overall efficiency of the wind power generator is maximized. Furthermore, the wind power generator embodying the present invention is easy to assemble and thus is cost effective and does not create an undue amount of turbulence in the fluid flowing therethrough. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a wind power generator embodying the present invention. FIG. 2 is an elevational view taken along line 2—2 of FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view showing the converging-diverging shape of the wind power generator embodying the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from a consideration of the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings. Referring to the Figures, it can be understood that the present invention is embodied in a wind power generator 10. Power generator 10 comprises a support element 12, such as a support post or the like, that is mounted on a support surface such as the ground and which extends upwardly therefrom. An outer casing 14 is mounted on the support element 12 to be exposed to wind W flowing toward generator 10. Outer casing 14 has a first end 16 which is a fluid inlet end when the outer casing 14 is in use as shown in FIG. 1, a second end 18 which is an outlet end when the outer casing 14 is in use, a central axis 20 which extends between the first end 16 and the second end 18, and a central plane 22 which is located midway between the first end 16 of the outer casing 14 and the second end 18 of the outer casing 14 and which extends perpendicular to the central axis 20. Outer casing 14 further includes an outer surface 30 which is circular in shape with a plurality of planar facets, such as planar facet 34, thereon. The facets extend in the direction of the central axis 20 of the outer casing 14. Outer casing 14 further includes an inner surface 40. Inner surface 40 is arcuate in shape and is oriented to be convex with respect to the central axis 20 of the outer casing 14. Inner surface 40 has a single radius of curvature R1 and is smoothly curved between the first end 16 of the outer casing 14 and the second end 18 of the outer casing 14. The curvature of the inner surface 40 is shaped to define a flow area F which steadily and smoothly decreases from the first end 16 of the outer casing 14 to the central plane 22 of the outer casing 14 and then steadily and smoothly increases from the central plane 22 of the outer casing 14 to the second end 18 of the outer casing 14. The inner surface 40 is shaped such that a line 44 tangent to the inner surface 40 at the first end 16 of the outer casing 14 is oriented at an angle θ1 which is 45° with respect to the central axis 20 of the outer casing 14, and a line 46 tangent to the inner surface 40 at the second end 18 of the outer casing 14 is oriented at an angle θ2 which is 45° to the central axis 20 of the outer casing 14 whereby the flow area defined by the inner surface 40 converges between the first end 16 of the outer casing 14 and the central plane 22 and then diverges between the central plane 22 to the second end 18 of the outer casing 14. In one form of the generator, the inner surface 40 of the outer casing 14 includes a plurality of sections, such as section 50. Each section 50 extends between the first end 16 of the outer casing 14 and the second end 18 of the outer casing 14. A plurality of support struts, such as support strut 60, are also included in generator 10. Each support strut 60 has a first end 62 and is fixed to the inner surface 40 of the outer casing 14 adjacent to the first end 16 and a second end 64 that is located adjacent to the central axis 20 of the outer casing 14. The support struts 60 are located at the central plane 22 of the outer casing 14. At least one support strut 64 of the plurality of support struts has a first end 66 fixed to the outer casing 14. A support body 70 is rotatably mounted on the support struts 60 adjacent to the second end 64 of each support strut 60. The support body 70 has an arcuate outer surface 72 that is prolate in shape and which has a single radius of curvature R2. The support body 70 has a first end 74, which is located adjacent to the first end 16 of the outer casing 14, and a second end 76, which is located adjacent to the second end of the outer casing 14. The support body 70 further includes a long axis 78 that extends between the first end 74 of the support body 70 and the second end 76 of the support body 70 and is co-linear with the central axis 20 of the outer casing 14. The support body 70 further includes a small axis 80 that is oriented perpendicular to the long axis 78 of the support body 70 and is located adjacent to the central plane 22. The small axis 80 is spaced apart from the central plane 22 towards the first end 16 of the outer casing 14. The struts are rotatably connected to the support body 70 adjacent to the small axis 80 of the support body 70 and are spaced apart from the small axis 80 in the direction of the second end 18 of the outer casing 14. The support body 70 is spaced apart from the inner surface 40 of the outer casing 14. The support body 70 and the inner surface 40 of the outer casing 14 define a flow passage 84 which smoothly converges between the first end 74 of the support body 70 and the central axis 20 of the outer casing 14 and then smoothly diverges between the central axis 20 and the second end 76 of the support body 70 with the flow passage 84 being sized to be a minimum flow area 84 M at the central axis 20 of the outer casing 14. A control rudder 90 is mounted on the second end 76 of the support body 70. The control rudder 90 includes a support rod 92 which has a first end 94 fixed to the second end 76 of the support body 70 and a second end 96 that is spaced apart from the second end 76 of the support body 70. The support rod 92 is co-linear with the central axis 20 of the outer casing 14. A control tail 98 is mounted on the second end 96 of the support rod 92. A plurality of rotor blades, such as rotor blade 100, are mounted on the support body 70. Each rotor blade 100 has a first end 102 that is fixedly mounted on the support body 70 adjacent to the small axis 80 of the support body 70 and a second end 104 that is spaced apart from the support body 70 and is also spaced apart from the inner surface 40 of the outer casing 14. The rotor blades 100 extend radially outward from the support body 70 and are spaced apart from the small axis 80 of the support body 70 in the direction of the first end 74 of the support body 70 to be located between the small axis 80 of the support body 70 and the first end 74 of the support body 70. A power generator 110 is connected to the support body 70 and converts rotational movement of the support body 70 into power. Since the air flow associated with power generator 10 is subsonic, as air flows through the generator 10, the velocity of the air flow continues to increase up to the throat section, which is central plane 22. This accelerating fluid is used to rotate the rotor blades 100 in a manner that is much more efficient than rotor blades that are not located inside a converging-diverging flow path. As discussed above, since power output of a wind generator depends on the flow velocity of fluid flowing past the rotor blades, this increase in flow velocity attributed to the shape of the flow passage will increase the power output of the generator over other generators that do not have such a flow shape. The smooth surface and smooth curve of the inner surface 40 reduces turbulence as the fluid flows through the flow path. It is understood that while certain forms of the present invention have been illustrated and described herein, it is not to be limited to the specific forms or arrangements of parts described and shown.
http://www.google.com/patents/US8454312
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