Starting 2025, AI Agent Interoperability won't be just an option But how do these protocols actually work? Let us understand... AI Agent protocols are the next important innovation that big tech giants focus on after the framework and SDK. So let us understand in brief about how each protocol works and its best use cases. 📌 MCP (Model Context Protocol) - Started by Anthropic, Tool operability standard. - In-depth about MCP https://lnkd.in/gDZvk9vi - Best Suited for: Single agent invoking multiple tools for tasks like automated customer service and data analysis. 📌 A2A(Agent to Agent Protocol) - Started by Google. - In-depth about A2A: https://lnkd.in/gc8Eq4i8 - Best Suited for: Complex enterprise agent collaboration, supporting task management and multimodal outputs. 📌 ACP(Agent Communication Protocol) - Started by IBM. - Workflow: 1. ACP Client: Sends requests and retrieves agent details via the ACP Server. 2. ACP Server: Stores agent info, enables discovery, and manages standardized message formats. 2. ACP Agent: Receives and executes tasks, returning results as streamable artifacts. - Best Suited for: Local and server-based simple text + multi-agent systems for rich and multimodal interactions. 📌 ANP(Agent Network Protocol) - Started by the ANP team. - Workflow: 2. Identity & Discovery: Agents use DIDs and publish discovery to declare identity and capabilities. 3. Secure Interaction: Agents authenticate and communicate securely using JSON-LD and agreed protocols. 4. Lifecycle Management: Agents update or retire docs and credentials as needed. - Best Suited for: Best Suited for: Cross-domain agent communication for open-internet agent marketplaces. 📌 AGORA - Started by the University of Oxford. - Workflow: 1. Understanding: Agora interprets natural language requests, breaking them into structured parts (e.g., travel details). 2. Protocol Creation: Converts the structured input into formal protocols using Protocol Documents (PDs), supporting multiple communication styles. 3. Routing: Directs protocols to the right specialized agents (e.g., flight or hotel services). 4. Response: Agents process the formal protocols and respond accordingly, without handling raw natural language. - Best Suited for: Best Suited for: Natural language to protocol generation for dynamic protocol negotiation. Note: No exhaustive, learn more from references in comments. If you are a business leader, we've developed frameworks that cut through the hype, including our five-level Agentic AI Progression Framework to evaluate any agent's capabilities in my latest book. 🔗 Book info: https://amzn.to/4irx6nI Save 💾 ➞ React 👍 ➞ Share ♻️ & follow for everything related to AI Agents | 56 comments on LinkedIn