SWEDEN He strengthens internal security by the so-called “peace laws”, founds Stockholm in 1255 as a stronghold against Finnish raids and promotes trade by the grant of extensive privileges to Hanseatic merchants. 1275-90 Magnus / Ladulas. Magnus protects townspeople and peasants against oppression by the nobility. Around 1280 mining begins at Falun with the help of miners from Germany. The excessive privileges granted to Germans arouse hostility among the Swedes. The Union Between 1319 and 1523 Sweden is linked by various forms of personal union with Norway and Denmark. The union with Denmark, however, usually takes on the aspect of
