Explore IdeasOfInterest's 4643 photos on Flickr!
The past decade has been characterized by tremendous progress in the field of the gut microbiota and its impact on host metabolism. Although numerous studies show a strong relationship between the co...
Explore IdeasOfInterest's 4643 photos on Flickr!
Explore IdeasOfInterest's 4643 photos on Flickr!
Explore IdeasOfInterest's 4643 photos on Flickr!
Explore IdeasOfInterest's 4643 photos on Flickr!
Explore IdeasOfInterest's 4643 photos on Flickr!
Explore IdeasOfInterest's 4643 photos on Flickr!
Explore IdeasOfInterest's 4643 photos on Flickr!
The skin, as the primary interface between the body and the environment, provides the first line of defence against a broad array of microbial pathogens and trauma. In addition to its properties as a physical barrier, the skin has many active defence mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the interaction between the innate and adaptive immune systems in the skin as a model for immune function at epithelial-cell interfaces with the environment. How these mechanisms account for the robust nature of cutaneous immune surveillance and how their dysregulation drives the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin disorders and skin-based tumours are the subjects of this review.
Explore IdeasOfInterest's 4643 photos on Flickr!
Explore IdeasOfInterest's 4643 photos on Flickr!
Explore IdeasOfInterest's 4643 photos on Flickr!
Explore IdeasOfInterest's 4643 photos on Flickr!
Explore IdeasOfInterest's 4643 photos on Flickr!
Explore IdeasOfInterest's 4643 photos on Flickr!
Background: The psycho-physiological changes in brain-body interaction observed in most of meditative and relaxing practices rely on voluntary slowing down of breath frequency. However, the identification of mechanisms linking breath control to its psychophysiological effects is still under debate. This systematic review is aimed at unveiling psychophysiological mechanisms underlying slow breathing techniques (<10 breaths/minute) and their effects on healthy subjects.Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases, using keywords related to both breathing techniques and to their psychophysiological outcomes, focusing on cardio-respiratory and central nervous system, has been conducted. From a pool of 2,461 abstracts only 15 articles met eligibility criteria and were included in the review. The present systematic review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.Results: The main effects of slow breathing techniques cover autonomic and central nervous systems activities as well as the psychological status. Slow breathing techniques promote autonomic changes increasing Heart Rate Variability and Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia paralleled by Central Nervous System (CNS) activity modifications. EEG studies show an increase in alpha and a decrease in theta power. Anatomically, the only available fMRI study highlights increased activity in cortical (e.g., prefrontal, motor, and parietal cortices) and subcortical (...
Explore IdeasOfInterest's 4643 photos on Flickr!
Explore IdeasOfInterest's 4643 photos on Flickr!