Spectroscopy is an analytical technique used to study the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation. It reveals information about the structure, composition, and properties of molecules and materials by analyzing the wavelengths absorbed, emitted, or scattered by a sample. Techniques such as infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), and mass spectrometry (MS) are commonly used in molecular chemistry, physics, and biochemistry to identify compounds, study chemical bonds, and observe molecular dynamics