Black Walnut Toxicity, most commonly produced by Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) is a substance that is poisonous to a wide variety of plants.
Black walnuts (Juglans nigra) are an incredibly prolific wild nut species native to the United States. They're easy to identify, and a satisfying way to add wild foraged calories to your winter larder. Personally, I
Seeds for planting, Juglans nigra Southern seeds, Walnut, Southern Walnut, Eastern Walnut~ bulk wholesale seed. Happy Shopping!
What may be the largest Black Walnut tree in the world on Sauvie Island, Oregon. Note the man standing to the right of the base of the tree. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Sauvie_island_black_walnut.JPG Common Name: Walnut (Black, English, Persian, Carpathian) Scientific Name: Juglans nigra (Black Walnut) Juglans regia (English/Persian Walnut, Carpathian Walnut) Family: Juglandaceae Comparison of Black Walnut (left) to English/Persian Walnut (right) Each plate contains all meat from 10 walnuts of each species http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/info_treenutsf1.jpg Description: This very large deciduous tree is a popular nut and lumber tree. There are 21 species of tree in the Juglans genus. The most commonly grown tree for nuts is the English or Persian Walnut. The Carpathian Walnut is a more cold-hardy variety of the English/Persian Walnut, but many people consider them interchangeable. In the United States, the Eastern Black Walnut is a very common tree for nuts, which is prized for its stronger flavor but much more difficult extraction; however, it may be even more valued for its high quality wood from a relatively fast growing tree. Walnuts are great shade trees, great nut producers, and may be considered a wise investment for your children or grandchildren. English Walnut 1901 - A.W. Mumford http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/w/walnut06-l.jpg History: The English/Persian Walnut is native to Central Asia. Alexander the Great introduced this tree to Macedonia and Greece in the 4th century B.C. The Romans continued this spread throughout Europe, England, and northern Africa. It was introduced to the Americas in the 17th century by colonists. The Black Walnut is native to the eastern United States. It was introduced to Europe in 1629 to be used primarily as a high quality wood tree. It is more cold-hardy than the English/Persian Walnut. Trivia: Walnuts are the second larges nut crop in North America, second to almonds The Black Walnut has a stronger flavor and more crunch than the English/Persian Walnut but is way more difficult to extract the nut meat Walnuts can be tapped in spring and produces a sweet sap that can be drunk or boiled down into syrup The Black Walnut is a very valuable tree, and there are actually walnut tree poachers in the United States - one case involved a 55 ft (16 m) tree that was worth $2500 in 2004 Many English/Persian Walnuts are planted on Black Walnut root stock The Black Walnut is the host plant for caterpillars of the luna and regal moths - beautiful Beautiful Black Walnut in autumn. http://www.grit.com/uploadedImages/GRT/articles/issues/2009-05-01/iWalnutTree.jpg USING THIS PLANT Primary Uses: Fresh eating (raw) Roasted Dried High quality lumber - very hard and very pretty, so it is used for flooring, furniture, and things like gunstocks, paddles, and tools Secondary Uses: Walnut oil Hulls can make a brown dye for yarn, cloth, etc. and can even be used as a wood stain. Walnuts can be tapped like a maple tree to make syrup Dynamic accumulator (Need definition) – Potassium, Phosphorus (Black Walnuts also accumulate Calcium) General insect pollen source Extracts from the green husks of walnuts have insecticidal properties Can be coppiced Medicinal uses: nuts contain antioxidants, appear to protect the arteries, and may slow cognitive-decline English/Persian Walnuts about to break from their husks while still on the tree. http://www.graftedwalnuts.co.uk/nutsontree.jpg Black Walnuts ripen in their husks, but the husks do not break open on the tree. http://www.olympiclawn.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/black-walnuts-forming.jpg A ripe and recently husked Black Walnut nut - not an easy process! http://www.wildmanstevebrill.com/JPEG'S/Plant%20Web%20Images/BlackWalnut%26Husk.jpg Yield: Depends on the size and age of the tree: Juglans nigra (Black Walnut) – 20 lbs (9 kg) to 100 lbs (45 kg) Juglans regia (English/Persian Walnut) – up to 6 bushels (210 liters); produces more than J. nigra Harvesting: Late August – October, depends on species, variety, and USDA Zone English Walnut nuts will fall from green husks when ripe. Usually pick nuts from the ground or from nut catching nets if you place them and then shake the tree. Commercial nut producers will have tree-shakers. Black Walnut nuts fall with husk in place. The husk must be removed to get to the nut which must be shelled to get to the meat. They nuts taste better when the husk is still green and not black. There are many methods to extract the nut from the husk, but a hammer is often used. Once the nut is extracted (this process will stain everything), toss out nuts that are black and oily. Drop the rest of them in a bucket of water, and toss out the ones that float. Drain the nuts and lay them out in a warm, dry location. You can let them cure for over a month. Toss out any that become moldy. Then crack the nuts - a mounted vise works well - but be warned that cracking Black Walnut nuts can cause sharp shells to go flying. All this work is worth it if you've ever really compared the taste of Black Walnuts with the more mild English/Persian Walnuts. Storage: Dried nuts will store for 2-3 years Black Walnut (top) and English/Persian Walnut (bottom) leaves http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ext/senior/fruits/images/large/walnutenglishblack.jpg Black Walnut bark. English/Persian Walnut bark has wider grooving. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Black_Walnut_Bark_Detail.JPG DESIGNING WITH THIS PLANT USDA Hardiness Zone: Juglans nigra (Black Walnut) – Zone 4-7 Juglans regia (Carpathian Walnut) – Zone 5-7 Juglans regia (English/Persian Walnut) – Zone 7-9 AHS Heat Zone: 4-9 Chill Requirement: 400-1,500 hours/units depending on the species and variety Plant Type: Large Tree Leaf Type: Deciduous Forest Garden Use: Canopy Tree Cultivars/Varieties: Many varieties available. Pollination: Some varieties are self-fertile (self-pollinating), and some are not. Most will have higher yields if they can cross-pollinate Flowering: Late spring (May) Life Span: Years to Begin Bearing: 4-5 years for grafted varieties, 4-12 years from seedling Years to Maximum Bearing: 10-15 years Years of Useful Life: 100+ years The flowers of the walnut tree. http://www.homeopathyandmore.com/med_images/Walnut.jpg PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THIS PLANT Size: 75-130 feet (25-40 meters) tall and wide, will grow taller if there is light competition Roots: Taproot Growth Rate: Medium to Fast (Black Walnuts grow faster) Looking up into a Black Walnut. http://organictobe.org/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/black-walnut.jpg GROWING CONDITIONS FOR THIS PLANT Light: Prefers full sun Shade: Tolerates light shade (about 50%) Moisture: Medium moisture. The Black Walnut can tolerate less moist soils. pH: 6.1-7.5 (Neutral to slightly alkaline) Special Considerations for Growing: Walnut roots and leaves produce juglone, a chemical that inhibits the growth of certain plants. Make sure that surrounding trees and underplanted plants can tolerate juglone. Black Walnuts can be difficult to shell – just make sure you have a heavy-duty nut cracker. I’ve read about people who just run over them with their car to minimize the hassle, but the hassle is worth it! Certain Walnut specific diseases exist. Choose disease resistant varieties to avoid these problems. Rodents can be a problem for seedlings and young trees – they like to eat the bark. Propagation: Usually grafted from improved varieties. Walnuts grown from seed or wild stock typically have nuts that do not taste as good, and they also take longer to start producing a harvest; however, they are just fine for wood. If starting from seed, they will need 90 days stratification. Maintenance: If planning on using as lumbar, then prune for a strong central leader. Otherwise, they don’t need much once established. Concerns: This is a large tree. Only raise it if you have the space or plan on cutting it down before it gets too large. Walnut roots and leaves produce juglone, a chemical that inhibits the growth of certain plants. Make sure that surrounding trees and underplanted plants can tolerate juglone. http://www.gardeningblog.net/grow-pictures/walnuts.jpg
Black walnuts (Juglans nigra) are an incredibly prolific wild nut species native to the United States. They're easy to identify, and a satisfying way to add wild foraged calories to your winter larder. Personally, I
Brand: MySeeds.CoColor: BlackFeatures: Black Walnut Tree Seeds , Juglans Nigra - Northern Tree SeedsBlack Walnuts are harvested for commercial sale. The distinctive tasting nuts are in demand for baked goods and ice creamBlack Walnut is a large deciduous tree typically growing 75 to 100 feet tall with and an oval to rounded crown. Mature trees characteristically have long trunks, often with an absence of lower branching.MySeeds.Co Is Located In New York City, not Oversea Like Some Other Vendors.Details: Juglans nigra - Zones 5+ Juglans nigra, the eastern black walnut, a species of flowering tree in the walnut family, Juglandaceae, is native to eastern North America. It grows mostly in riparian zones, from southern Ontario, west to southeast South Dakota, south to Georgia, northern Florida and southwest to central Texas. Wild trees in the upper Ottawa Valley may be an isolated native population or may have derived from planted trees. The black walnut is a large deciduous tree attaining heights of 30–40 m (98–131 ft). Under forest competition, it develops a tall, clear trunk; the open-grown form has a short trunk and broad crown. The bark is grey-black and deeply furrowed. The pith of the twigs contains air spaces. The leaves are alternate, 30–60 cm (12–24 in) long, odd-pinnate with 15–23 leaflets, with the largest leaflets located in the center, 7–10 cm long and 2–3 cm broad. The male flowers are in drooping catkins 8–10 cm (3.1–3.9 in) long, the female flowers are terminal, in clusters of two to five, ripening during the autumn into a fruit (nut) with a brownish-green, semifleshy husk and a brown, corrugated nut. Characteristics Plant for Moist Soil Timber Tree Specimen Tree Wildlife Food Drought Tolerant Plant Edible Fruit or Nut Plant Fall Color Shade Tree Plant with Fast Growth Crop Plant Dye Plant Growing Info: Scarification: Soak in water, let stand in water for 24 hours. Stratification: cold stratify for 120 days. Germination: sow 1-2" deep, tamp the soil, mulch the seed bed.Package Dimensions: 0x0x0UPC: 648507260994
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Brand: MySeeds.CoColor: BlackFeatures: Black Walnut Tree Seeds , Juglans Nigra - Northern Tree SeedsBlack Walnuts are harvested for commercial sale. The distinctive tasting nuts are in demand for baked goods and ice creamBlack Walnut is a large deciduous tree typically growing 75 to 100 feet tall with and an oval to rounded crown. Mature trees characteristically have long trunks, often with an absence of lower branching.MySeeds.Co Is Located In New York City, not Oversea Like Some Other Vendors.Details: Juglans nigra - Zones 5+ Juglans nigra, the eastern black walnut, a species of flowering tree in the walnut family, Juglandaceae, is native to eastern North America. It grows mostly in riparian zones, from southern Ontario, west to southeast South Dakota, south to Georgia, northern Florida and southwest to central Texas. Wild trees in the upper Ottawa Valley may be an isolated native population or may have derived from planted trees. The black walnut is a large deciduous tree attaining heights of 30–40 m (98–131 ft). Under forest competition, it develops a tall, clear trunk; the open-grown form has a short trunk and broad crown. The bark is grey-black and deeply furrowed. The pith of the twigs contains air spaces. The leaves are alternate, 30–60 cm (12–24 in) long, odd-pinnate with 15–23 leaflets, with the largest leaflets located in the center, 7–10 cm long and 2–3 cm broad. The male flowers are in drooping catkins 8–10 cm (3.1–3.9 in) long, the female flowers are terminal, in clusters of two to five, ripening during the autumn into a fruit (nut) with a brownish-green, semifleshy husk and a brown, corrugated nut. Characteristics Plant for Moist Soil Timber Tree Specimen Tree Wildlife Food Drought Tolerant Plant Edible Fruit or Nut Plant Fall Color Shade Tree Plant with Fast Growth Crop Plant Dye Plant Growing Info: Scarification: Soak in water, let stand in water for 24 hours. Stratification: cold stratify for 120 days. Germination: sow 1-2" deep, tamp the soil, mulch the seed bed.Package Dimensions: 0x0x0UPC: 648507260994
Scientific name: Juglans nigra Abundance: common What: nuts, sap How: nuts raw, cooked, picked, or tinctured; sap boil to syrup Where: forests, fields When: fall Nutritional Value: fats, protein, some minerals Other uses: dye, fish poison Dangers: shell juice stains objects and poisons fish Black Walnut trees at a roadside rest area in east Texas. Almost ripe nuts. They are a little larger than golf balls when ripe. Green ones picked from the tree are better than brown ones from the ground. The compound leaves of Black Walnut contain an even number of leaflets. Close-up of the leaves, front and back. Branch tips with new, young leaves. Craggy, grayish bark of a Black Walnut tree. Texas distribution, attributed to U. S. Department of Agriculture. The marked counties are guidelines only. Plants may appear in other counties, especially if used in landscaping. North American distribution, attributed to U. S. Department of Agriculture. Standing up to 125’ tall with a rounded crown, black walnut trees cut an impressive figure across the fields of Texas. They prefer open, sunny locations but can also be found in forests. Black walnut leaves are compound with an even number of leaflets and being deciduous, drop off in the fall. The bark is grayish, dark and deeply furrowed/rough. The round nuts of this tree are contained in a thick, green cover which begins to splits open when ripe. The juice of this green coat smells like iodine and will stain skin and cotton fabric brown. Black walnut tree leaves, bark, and nut husks contain a poison which kills most other non-grass plants so do not add these materials to compost piles. The wood of black walnut trees is treasured by woodworkers and commands a premium price. This has led to many incidents of “tree rustling” where huge, old trees are cut down and stolen. The nuts become ripe in the fall. Peeling the green husk is staining so wear gloves and avoid letting the peels come in contact with anything you don’t want turned brown. The thick shell of the walnut is very hard and most standard nut crackers can’t crack them. Waiting a few weeks after removing the husk allows the nuts to dry some, making shelling them slightly easier. The usual method of shelling black walnuts is to run over the nuts with a car followed by picking apart the shell with a nutpick. If you only have a few nuts they can be broken open with a hammer. If you have a lot of nuts it may be worthwhile to invest in a manual cracker specifically designed for black walnuts. Black walnuts have a stronger flavor than English walnuts so most people reduce the amount of nut meat used by one half in recipes. The crushed green husks were used by Native Americans as a fish poison. Several large, woven bags of these husks were placed in a still pond or weir and the chemical juglones would seep out and stun the fish, causing them to float to the surface. When the nuts are still green and soft enough to cut in half with a knife they can be pickled and then blended not a ketchup-substitute. As they get bigger the still-unripe notes can be soaked in vodka with a bit of lemon peel, cinnamon, star anise, and sugar syrup to create the Italian liquor "Nocino". Black walnut trees grow farther south than maples and though they produce only about 1/4 as much sap as maples, the resulting syrup made by boiling the sap down is quite delicious. Never plants a Black Walnut near a garden as the roots, twigs, and leaves all produce a toxin which kills many other plants. Native grasses seem to resist this poison better than domesticated, decorative or food plants. My mom still nags me about the black walnut seedling I planted at the edge of her garden which eventually grew tall and wiped out a quarter of her crops even though this happens 30 years ago. Buy my book! Outdoor Adventure Guides Foraging covers 70 of North America's tastiest and easy to find wild edibles shown with the same big pictures as here on the Foraging Texas website.
Black walnuts (Juglans nigra) are an incredibly prolific wild nut species native to the United States. They're easy to identify, and a satisfying way to add wild foraged calories to your winter larder. Personally, I
Black Walnut, “Juglans nigra”, is a species of deciduous tree in the walnut family, Juglandaceae, native to North America.
Black walnuts (Juglans nigra), and, to a lesser degree, other species of walnut, produce a toxic substance called juglone fromContinue Reading
