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FIITJEE AITS JEE Adv Part-1 Paper-1 - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. This document provides instructions for a test consisting of 54 questions across physics, chemistry, and mathematics. The test is divided into three parts, one for each subject. Each part contains two types of questions: 1) Multiple choice questions with a single correct answer worth +3/-1 points. 2) Multiple choice questions where one or more answers are correct. These are worth up to +4 points depending on the number of correct answers selected. The test also contains numerical answer questions worth +4 points for correct answers and 0 points for wrong answers. Candidates have 3 hours to complete the test worth a maximum of 198 points.

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𝕄𝟚𝟘𝟘 🦈 𝔾𝕚𝕣𝕝𝕤 𝔽𝕣𝕠𝕟𝕥𝕝𝕚𝕟𝕖

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Fog everywhere. Fog up the river, where it flows among green aits and meadows; fog down the river, where it rolls defiled among the tiers of shipping, and the waterside pollutions of a great (and dirty) city

Description Dec. 6, 1949 F. K. HETTINGER' ET Al. 2,490,300 LIGHTER Filed Aug. 22, 1947 2 Sheets-Sheet l 7 .n 2z 243.555 45 @1f J 463 "3- I I I I I 5 I i mn/ENTDR- Franc/s A. #eff/nge! 5y @hd/ve Jnes #WMM l ATTORNEYS Dec. 6, 1949 F.V K. HETTINGER ET AL LIGHTER Patented Dec. 6, 1949 ag. Francis K. 'I'le'ttnger and Wardwell Jones, Tucson; Application August 22., 19470,Serial No. 770,022 1 Claim. (Cl. 671-11) This invention relates to a lighter, and more particularly to a combination cigarette and pipe lighter. The lighters commonly in use are principally adapted for lighting cigarettes, and it is difficult to light a pipe with them due to the tendency of the flame to extend upwardly from the lighter instead of downwardly to the bowl of the pipe. It is, therefore, the principal objects of the present invention to provide a lighter adapted for lighting cigarettes, cigars and pipes; to provide a lighter having a main wick mechanism and a separate removable wick adapted to be lighted from the main wick for lighting a pipe; to provide a windshield guard for the main lighter mechanism; to provide the auxiliary lighting wick with a windshield which extends to the main wick windshield; to provide a removable uid container or compartment in the base of the container; to provide a compartment for an absorbing material for the lighter iiuid; to provide a wick leading from the duid container or compartment to the absorbent containing compartment; and to provide a device of this character simple, economical to manufacture and efficient in operation. In accomplishing these and other objects of the present invention, we have provided improved details of structure, the preferred form of which ls illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein: Fig. 1 is a perspective View of our lighter. Fig. 2 is a vertical section through the lighter. Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section taken on a line 3 3, Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a vertical section showing the auxiliary wick element. Fig. 5 is a transverse cross-section through the auxiliary wick element. Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the lighter showing the auxiliary wick element in disassembled relation. Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the lighter showing the duid container in disassembled relation from the remainder of the lighter. Referring more in detail to the drawings: I generally designates a lighter which is of relatively flat, rectangular shape, comprising a main case or body 2 having a closed upper end 3 and an open end i forming a compartment 5 adapted to receive an absorbent material 6, such as cotton or the like. A top 'I is provided for the main body portion 2 and is hingedly connected to an end 8 of the body member as indicated at 9 (Fig. 1). Thebottom I of the lighter consists of a con tainer II-adapted to contain a lighting fluid I2. The container II is provided with a top I3, and thevcontainer isadapted toremovably engage in Athe open lower end of the body portion 2. The " lower portion of the container I I is provided with an annular oiiset portion at its lower edge as y indicated atr I4 (Fig. 3) so that the lower edge of the'main body portion will engage the shoulderV portion when the lighter is in assembled condition. The top I3 of the uid container I I is provided with an opening for iilling the container with fuel, such as lighter fluid. The opening is made byforming a downwardly extending internally threaded boss I in the top I3 of the container II adapted to receive a threaded elongated container I6 for carrying of an extra ilint or pyro-v phoric element I1. The top of the threaded container I6 is anged and internally threaded so 'as to receive a threaded shankr I8 of a closure member I9 for preventing the lighter iiuid from entering the container, thus keeping the flint dry. The top I3 of the container II is provided with. asecond openingV as best illustrated in Fig.' 2, providedwith a sleeve 20. A wick or the like 2| isprovided to extend through the sleeve 20 into the fluid container II, and its other end A top 3 of the .main body portion 2 is provided with Van opening 22 for receiving a sleeve 23. Extending through the sleeve 23 is a wick 24, 'the' wick 24 extending a substantial distance above the top 3 of the body portion 2. `The top 3 .ofthe body 2 is also provided with an opening nearfthe end 25 of the body portion 2 andadjacent the opening 22 as indicated at 28. Adapted to engage in the opening 26 is a tube 21 for containing a iiint or pyrophoric element 28. The top of the container II is recessed as at 28 to accommodate the lower end of the tube 21 which extends through the absorbent material 6 so that the flint 28 may be removed and replaced without disturbing the absorbent material. A coil spring 29 is adapted to engage the lower end of the iiint 28, and its lower end engages the end of a threaded shank 30 of a closure member 3| engaging in the lower end of the tube 21. Rigidly secured to the top 3 of the body portion and in parallel relation to each other near the end 25 of the container of the lighter are windshield elements 32 and 33 which extend forwardly past the main lighting wick 24. The wind breaker elements are provided with a plurality of openings 35 rearwardly of the wick 24 as best illustrated in Fig. 6. The wind breaking elements 32 and 33 afford a support for a shaft 36. uMounted on the shaft 36 are knurled wheels 38 and 39, and mounted on the shaft 36 between the wheels 38 and 39 is a wheel 40 having teeth 4| adapted I to engage .the upper. end of the.,int28. The knurled wheels 38=ndf 39`fare largeiinwimeterdf than the wh'el`40and in turning' wh'el -4(1"tle "10 operators nger contacts wheels 38 and 39, but A does not contact wheel 40. This arrangement." facilitates turning the wheel 4U and prevents; soiling of the nger with partic1es.,offf 1int and., the like. It will ybe noted that tl'foiward endS"f-'15', of the wind breaking elements 32 and 33 are curved slightly inwardly around-tiravlckiufas J indicated at 42 (Fig. 6) l The top 3 of the mainbody portion 2 'ispro`' vided with an ,openingA 43 to receive atube 44 adapted to extendplnto the cotton absorbing compartm'en't'- ofjthe"'body''portiorr -bstbillisltratedi'in 2. The' ltub'e has fa ,closed upper end .45'.j Contained-in` tl1`e"tube`- isa'wick- 46hav' ing Aits 'lower' end extending outwardly -of the tube "a` sli'ght'fdistance' "indicated-at 4T and contacting tli''fab'sorbent `cotton- 6 rin thebodyv portion'2,'the"tub"being removably mounted in theb'opening in the to'pof the-bodyportion; Rig' idly secured'to the upper'v portion 'of the tube44- in anyV suitable manner is a substantially Uf:- shapd' Wind guard '48,y the`a1'ms 49 'fand' "50A" of which ex'tendto'ward the wlndshield'elements 32 and 3 3 andha've their`ends' 5'I engaging the sides i of.- the .curve'dends' 42 of the windfbreakers' 32 "35 and 33,5tliu`s forming awindbreaker-extending substantially Iacross the 'topf3`of the body'portion" 2; The "arm's' ..49 fand 'iare' 'provided with a plurality of'per'i'o'iations 52 and1`53. l Tof nu4 the, container' lliwith-jfuer the` con; tainer 'is 'disengaged 'lrornv the body.p,ortion"2; Th container 'tube l l5V i's then' removed so' that uid'm'ay be'inserted ftliroug'hthe"openirigirito the compartment andthe threadedtub replaced inthe opening. The'iluid will'b` absorbed lby the Wick 2 f andcarried to the absorbing cotton'v 6 in the m'ainbody container.' The idiwill then be absorbed by the lightingY wick 2liA extending above' the' to'p".3"of the'lbo'dy' 2'. Turning of ithe kr'irled =wheels' '38'an`cl '39 will cause'the 'teeth` 4 I engaging the end of the flint 28to emit-sparks to' contact the top of= thewickl'24ffv6r A`1ighting1 a cigarette 'or thelike'th'e elements l32"'and 33Y and arms 49 and'SUfof the 'Ushpedmmbr '48pre-4 venting 'wind:froniputting"'outfthe blaze of the wick 24. When it 'isdesiredt 'light apipe'or the like,"the"tube44 vis removedrom the'cotton absorbing montaner-'by upward pull'fonxtne uy 4 shaped member 48 and the end of the wick extending from the tube lighted from the blaze of the wick 24 for transporting of the blaze of the wick 46 to the pipe or for other use. It will be obvious from the foregoing that we have provided an improved lighter having a main and auxiliary lighting mechanism, the various partsof which are easily -accessible for replacementor materials.; It `will be obvious that changes may be made in the device without departing from the spirit of our invention. .. What we claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is: , Alighte'r comprising, a casing having one end conducting the lliz'luid-from said container to said absorbent material, a Awick extending from said absorbent-materialthrough the top of said body `membeig'wind breaking elements carried by said top, a shaft mountedI in said'wind breaking elementsfalfriction'device secured on said shaft, meansA for mounting' a int material adjacent sa-id"frictionl device, means for resiliently urging ^saidyint against said'friction device, an auxiliaryjwi'ck extendingv into saidabsorbent material and removably carried by said'body member, a wind breaking element'carriedby said auxiliary wick having its endsl'engagingthe rst named wind breakingel'ement to form a continuous elementA substantially across the vtop of said body member, means'in the containerfor filling the same With'igniting.iiuid,said means including arrelongated container forfiint material, 40x-. FRANCIS K. HETTINGER. WARDWELL JONES; REFERENCES CITED The following Teferencesare Vof record in the le of this patent: UNITED .STATES vPA-"JIENIS A Number Name Date 56" 1,941,8733 Aronson Jan. 2, 1934V 2,262,806 Kempf et al. Nov. 18,'1941 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 139,254 Switzerland Junel6, 1930 411.7861 Great lBritairiV June 14, 1934 519,716 Germany Feb. 11, 1932 622,094" Germany- Nov. 19, 1935

Description 5 Sheets-Sheet l (Model.) J.1VI. & S. BROWNING. MAGAZINE FIRE ARM. Patented July 26,1887.. (Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet; 2 J. M.- & S. BROWNING. MAGAZINE FIRE ARM. No. 367,336. Patented July Z6, 1887. Num (Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 34 J. M. 8u M. S. BROWNING.' MAGAZINE PIRE ARM. No. 337.333. Patented Ju'lyz, 1887. AJ. M. 8u M. S. BROWNING. 5 Sheets-Shet 4v (Model.) MAGAZINE PIRE ARM. - No. 367,336. Patented July 26, 1887. (Modex.) 5 sheets-sheen 5 J. M. 8v M. S. BROWNING. MAGAZINE FIRE ARM. No. 367,336. Patented July 26, 1887. La wf UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. JOHN M. BROWN ING AND llATTHEV S. BROWNING,-0F OGDEN CITY, UTAH TERRITORY. MAGAZINE FIRE-ARM. SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 36.1336, dated J'nly 26, 1887, Application tiled Julylil, 1856. lSci-inl No. 207,7tl3. (Model.) clear, and exact description ot' the same, andA which said drawings constitute part of this specification, and represent, in- Figure 1, a side view of the arm complete, broken at both ends; Fig. 2, atop view of the same; Fig. 3, a sectional view through the receiver and barrel, showing a side view of thel mechanism of the arm, the parts in the closed or normal condition; Fig. 4, the same as Fig. 3', illustrating the first part of the openinnr movement in which the breech-piece is u locked; Fig. 5, a longitudinal central section through the breechpiece; Fig. 6, the same as Fig. 3, showing the breech-piece as approaching its extreme rear position with the carrier down, the hammer mechanism omitted; Fig. 7, the same as Fig. 3, showing the partsiu thc Y fully-open position of the breech-piece; Fig. 8, areverse side view of the breech-piece from that shown iu previous figures; Fig. 9, an under side view of the breech-piece, looki'ngupward; Fig. 10,- the same section as Fig. 3, showing the breech-piece returned and just before it reaches its extreme closed position; Fig. 11, an inside view of the receiver in the reverse position from that shown in the pre! ceding figures; Fig. 12,-a longitudinal section through the receiver, showing an under side view 'of the. breech-piece with its slide "or link connection; Fig. 13, a transverse section showing front end view of the breech-piece; Fig. 14, a transverse section on line aux of Fig. 3, looking forward; Fig. 15, a transverse section on line y y, looking forward; Fig. 16, a perspective view of the carrier detached; Fig. 17, a longitudinal section through the carrier on line zz of Fig. 18, looking down; Fig. 18, a. transverse section of the carrier on line w of Fig. 17; Fig. 19, a transverse section lof the carrier on line y y of Fig. 17. This invention relates to anA improvement in that class of magazine tire-arms in which the magazine is arranged longitudinallybeneath the barrel and opens into the receiver at the rear below the barrel, and in which the breechpiece is arranged to move longitudinally rearward from t-he barrel in opening the breech and forward in closing, parts of the invention being applicable to single breech-loaders, the. object ofthe invention being a simple construction, and in which may be combined the advantages of both a longitudinally-movable and a downward andbackward swinging breech-piece; and theinvention consists, prineipally, in a breech-piece hung in thereceiver upon trunnious near its forward end, the said trunnious working in longitudinal grooves in the receiver and forming pivot-s upon which the breech-piece maybe turned to raise or drop the rear end, and so as to permit the breech-piece after its rear end has dropped from an abutment on the receiver to pass rearward within the receiver to'open the breechpiece, and forward to return, and when returned its rear end raised to the locked position, combined with mechanism for imparting vopening and closing movement to the breech- .hereinafter described, and particularly. recited in the claims. A is the receiver, which is provided with the usual tang, B, above and, C, below for attachment tothe stock. At the forward end the barrel D is attached, opening into the receiver in the usual manner, and vbeneath the barrel is the usual magazine, E. F is the breechpiece,arranged in the receiversothatits forward end mayabut against the rear end of the barrel to close the breech, as seen in Fig. 3, the breech-piece extending rearward and its rear end adaptedA to' rest against anabntment, G, in the receiver when the breech-piece is in its closed position. Near the forward end of the breech-piece it is provided with a laterally-projecting trunnion, H, roo ` and without in a groove, end of the Fig. 4, the to bring the recess Q onto the stud ceiver,is a handle, K, suitably guided and so' as to be grasped by the hand and moved longitudinally toward and fronrthe rcceiv en From this handle a rod, L, extends rearward through the forward end of the receiver, and to the rear end of the rod a link, M, is hun as at N, (fsce Figs. 3 and 4,) and so that the link, while movable 4longitudinally with the rod L, is also adapted for an npanddown swinging movement. The rod L .works in a groove, O, longitudinally upon the inside of the receiver, as indicated in Figs. Hand-12. Near the rear enld of the link,and upon the inner side, is a stild, P, which extends and works in a groove, R, in the side of the breechpiece near its rear end, as seen in Fig. '3, the ,groove R inclined rearwardj and upward,and at its rearend turns upward to form a recess, .,4 at nearly right angles to the axis of the breech-piece. On the outer side of the link M .is a similar stud, S, which enters and works T,in the side of the receiver, (see Fig. 11,)which groove inclines downward and backward and serves as a support and guide for the rear end of the link M. When the breechpiece is in its closed position and the link in its extreme forward position, as seen in Fig. 3, the stud P stands' in the lower part of the groove R and supports the breech-piece in its up or closed position and against the abutment G. If,now,a rear movement be imparted to the handle, the link M will be correspondinglyl moved, and asl the stud P works in' the upward and rearwardly inclined groove R in the breech-piece it follows thatthe rear end of the breechpiece must be draw'n downward; as the link cannot rise; hence in the first part of the rear movement of the link in opening, as from the position in Fig. 3 to that seen in Fig. 4, the stud P will operate in the groove R and turn the rear endof the breech-piece downward, as seen in Fig. 4, and until it can escape from the abutment G. The forwardend of the breech-piece is, however, supported by its trunnions H in the grooves in the sides of the receiver,so that this first movement of the breech-piece is simply downward at the rear substantial longitudinal movement. As the-stud P on the link-reaches the rear groove R, as seen in broken lines, rear end of the breech-piece drops P, and-so as lto bring the rear end of the breech-piece so far below the abutment G that the breechpiece may now pass rearward. Therefore the continued rear movement of the handle will throw the breech-piece toward its rear position, the breech-piece passing below the tang B, as Been in Fig. 6, the trunnions H on the breech-piece working 'through the grooves I, and until they reach the bend or downward .ward trunnion's, breech-piece. .On the return or forward movement of the handlethe link will also move forward, and because the stud P rests in the recess Q of the groove R the breech-piece will be correspondingly moved forward. Its for- H, ride up the inclined part J of the grooves I to the positionscen in Fig. 6, and then continue in the grooves I until they reach the forward position seen in Fig. 4, Where the breech-piece comcsagainst the rear end of the barrel, and which is the .position to begin the locking movement of the breechpiece. As the breech-piece can advance no farther forward, its lower` edge at the front 'rests against the barrel asa pivot, uponwhich its rear end may now rise, and the forward movement of the link continued, the stud P, working in thegroove of the breech-piece, passes to its extreme. forward Fig. 3,) which last movement forces the rear end of the breech-piece up forward of the abutment G, and so as to rest and be supported thereby againstrec'oil. To facilitate the locking or rising movement of the breech-piece, or, rather, to' relieve the wear of the stud on the link which works in the groove in the receiver, the groove T is made parallel with the inner surface of the .lower tang, and the link is constructed with a downward extension, U, to ride thereon, as seen in Fig. 4. The shells by explosion frequently expand -in the cartridge-chamber to a considerable eX- tent, or from other 'cause stick, so as to require a very considerable power to start them, and this power must be exerted through the handle which operates the breech-piece. To increase the leverage between the handle and the shell to be extracted, or the power of the handle over the breech-piece, and whereby the starting of the cartridge will be facilitated, we construct the breech-piece with a downward position," (seen in and rearwardly curved shoulder, W', upon one side near itsv rear end, as seen in Fig. 8, and which, when the breech-piece is closed stands above a stationary stud, X, in the receiver, as seen in Fig. 12, .and so that as the rear end of the breech-piece falls below-the abutment G in its opening movement, as indicated in Fig. 4, this cam-like shoulder on thc breech-piece will ride over the stud, and because ofils cam shape, in passing over the said stud, a forced rear movement will bc imparted to the breechpiece to a slight extent, but sullicient lo start the cartridge. This cam action to give a start rearward to the breech-piece in its dcscentis produced by a very slight exertion upon the handle, much less than would 'oe reyswears4 i s. 'ing the initial start to the breech-piece the 'wearing strain upon the studs of the link M and the groove in the breech-piece is to a very considerable extent relieved. In the lower part of thereceiver upon a pivot, a, the hammer b is hung, to which the mainspring d is' hung in the usual manner, the . hammer being adapted to turn down'ward and backward in cooking, and so that a notch, e, on the hub of the hammer may engage the triggerf, as seen in Fig. 7, and as indicated in broken lines, Fig. 32 The hammer extends up beneath the breech-piece, and its head end enters into a recess, g, upon the under side of the breech-piece, as seen in Fig. 5, and as also seen .in broken lines, Fi'g. 3, and so that the head of the hammer may strike the rear end of the firing-pin h' to produce the explosion.- :From the hub of the hammera finger-piece, i, extends downward forward of the trigger, by meansA of which'the hammer may be turned to full-cock, as indicated in broken lines, Fig. 3.' . This arrangement brings the hammer entirely within the receiver and'nnexposed. As the breech-piece is moved rearward in opening, as before described, it bears against the head end of the hammer,and so that in its rear movement it will turn the hammer to full-cock to engage the trigger, asseen in Fig. 7,' where the hammer will remain when the breech-piece is returned until it be discharged. To prevent the possibility of the release of the hammer until the breech-piece is in its .fully-closed position, a locking-dog, Z, is hung in the receiver forward of the hammer upon a pivot, m, the dog extending forward, its nose n rearward toward the hub of the hammer,and projectionft onthe hub of the link'- M, and so as to hold the nose of'the dog `out of the path of the shoulder 1' on the hammer, as seen in Fig. 3,' so that when the breech-piece is in the closed and locked position. the hammer is free to becocked'ordischarged; but as the link moves rearward, and before the breech-piece has moved from its abutment, the projection t escapes from the tail of the dog, as seen in Fig. 10, so as to permit the nose of thedog under the action of 'the dog-spring u Ato drop onto the hub of the hammer. Then so soon as the breech-piece has moved so far rearward as Ato bring the hammer to full-cock, as seen in Fig. 7, the hammer is engaged by thedog andl will there be held until itbe disengaged by the link, and this disengagement cannot occur until the projection t reaches the tail ofthe dog, as seen in Fig. 10, and after the locking of the breech-piece has commenced, and the unlock-4 ing of the dog snot completed until the-I )reechtion. piece reaches its extreme locked position, as seen inFig. 3, and is in position for the action of the hammer. So far the constructin described is applicaward projection, 4, against which a shoulder, 5, on the breech-piece `(see Fig. 5) is adapted to bear as the breech-piece approaches its closed position, as seen in Fig. 6, and so .that as the breech-piece completes its rear movement, as from Fig. 6 toFig. 7, the carrier is raised to present the cartridge received from the magazine forward of the front face of the breech-piece, as seen in Fig. 7, and so that as tbe breech-piece is next moved forward it will forceV the cartridge forward into the barrel, and as the breechpiece thusinoves forward it will strike an upward projection, 6, on the carrier and force the carrier to its down posi-' At the forward end of the carrier it is constructed with a downward projection, 7, which serves as a guard or stop to prevent the next cartridge in the magazine from passing rearwarl until the carrier shall have reached its t wn position. of the carrier may be any of the known constructions adapted to swing upward and downward and to be so moved as the breech-piece moves rearward and forward. To prevent the cartridge from being forced. -from the carrier in-its upward movement, we construct it, as seen in Fig. 16, with a wing, 16, upon one side-say the left-hand side-extending from its rear end forward, the wing having an inward overhang, 17, upon its up per edge, as seen 4in Fig. 18, the forward'edge of the-wing inclined outward nearlytoasharp edge, as indicated in Fig. 17, and with an inward projection near the forward end to form site side at the rear end is a shorter wing, 19, its lforward edge inclined outward to nearly a sharp edge, as seen in Fig. 17. The upward projection 6, by which ther' carrier is depressed, is forward of the wing 19', and so as- .8o On the carrier in 4rear of its pivot is an up- IIO roo The construction i a recess, 18, at the rear, and upon the oppoto leaiie ,a space, 20,. between the wing 19' and Y the-projection 6 opposite. the -nwar'd' projection near the forward end of the wingiJQ. The distance between the inside of the wing 16 at itsinwardly.- projecting forward yend and the inside plane of the wing-19 and projection 6 upon the opposite side is less than the diameter of the head of the cartridge; but the space between the wing 16 in rear of the lsaid inward projection and the inside plane of the opposite wing,`19,is greater than the diameter of the head of the cartridge. 'As the cartridge passes onto the carrier its head on one side arrives at the forward end of the wing 1G, and because of the inclined edge of that wing it is forced to the opposite side, bringing the head into the recess 20, and, still moving rcarward,thc opposite side of the head now strikes the forward inclined edge of the wing 19, which forces the cartridge to the opposite side, bringing the rear end of the cartridge into the recess 1S beneath the overhang 17, and the head of the cartridge comes to a rest at the rear end of the carrier. Thus the cartridge is brought beneath the overhang, and so that asthe carrier rises the overhang will prevent thc cartridge from being thrown upward from it, and as the breech-piece moves forward to transfer the cartridge to the barrel the head end of the cartridge makes the s arne movement to pass beyond the inwardly-projecting surface of the wing 16 as it did to pass onto the carrier, and so that it readily escapes from the grasp of the carrier. Upon the top of the brceehlpiece the' extractor-hook 8' is arranged, and beneath it, on the breech-piece, lis a shoulder, 9, so that as the hook engages the upper edge of the cartridge-head, as seen in Fig. 3, the lower edge of the cartridge will rest on the shoulderfl, as in the usual construction of cxtraetors; but bccause the breech-piece during the first part of its opening movement turns downward at the rear and as upon a pivot at its forward end, so that the upper face of the breech-piece turns away from the cartridge, while the lower edge bears'against it, itis necessary to provide the extractor withalongitudinal movement, that it may yield to this first movement of .the breech-piece. To this end' itis adapted to slide longitudinally on the breech-piece, resting in a groove in the breech-piece, with a pin, 10, in the breech-piece through a longitudinal slot, 11, in the extractor, (see Fig. 5,) and be neath the rear portion of the extractor-hook is a spring, 12, against one end of which a shoulder, 13, on the extractor bears, the other end ofthe spring resti ng agai nst a shoulder'or stud, 14, in the breech-piece, and so that as thc extractor moves forward,.as indicated in broken lines, the spring will be compressed; but when released the spring will return it to its normal position. This arrangement permits the cx tractor toyield in the turning of the breechpiece, as from theposition in Fig; 3 to that seen in Fig. 4, and so that it will maintain its hold upon the cartridgehead, and as it or the cape atthe rear end of the barrel. shell is drawn from the barrel it will follow the breech-piece, the forward end of the shell being supported'in the barrel until it can es- Then the reaction of the extractor-spring will tend to give the cartridge a quick upward turn and sniicient to-ejcct it from the arm, so that the extractor itself becomes the ejector.v By dropping the forward end of the 'breechiece, asdescrihed, by means of the downwardihcllncd portion .l of the grooves I, it will be observed, as seen in Fig. 7, that the barrel is open t0 the rear and clear over vthe abutment .G, so that the person using the arm may, as .the breech-piece is drawn to its open position, look directly through the barrel without taking the arm from the shoulder, and thus at each discharge a clear inspection of the barrel is 'affordcd. This also greatly facilitates the clean1 ning of the barrel from the breech end.. The magazine is charged by an opening through the side of the receiver, closed by a spring-cover, l15, (see Figs. 6 and 7,) this cover being free to open lwhen the 'carrieris in its raised position, as seen in Fig. 7, the carrier .itself s'ervingas a latch to engagc'each cartridge as it is introduced. We have .represented the breech-piece as moved by a handle forward of the receiver bencath the barrel; but it may be otherwise opcrated-as, for illustration, by means of a. lcver beneath, as seen inv Fig. 16, the link hung to the upper arm of the trigger-guard lever, and so that, turning the lever downward and forward in the usual manner of this 4class of levers, substantially the same movement will be imparted to the link as would be by the .i handle; consequently the operative parts of the arm move inthe same manner. l Ve therefore do'not wish tovbe understood as limiting our invention to either of the knownl means for imparting the longitudinal reciprocating movement to the breech-piece. Throughout the specification we have indicated the sliding piece M, which communicates both the swinging and reciprocating movement to the breech-piece, as a link, Vbecause of its being hung to the rodL at the forward end and making connection with the breech-piece at its rear end; but, it being guided inthe receiver, it may be considered asa slide, having a stud-and-groove connection with the breechpiece at its rear end, the slide receivinga longitudinal reciprocating movement, which communicates both the up and-down swinging movement and the longitudinal reciprocating movement to the breech-piece. Vhile we prefer to arrange the hammer, as described, beneath the' breech piece, and so that it will be concealed, it will be understood that the hammer may be hung-say upon the side of the receiver-to strike a firing-pin longitudinally. through the breech-piece, as in many known 'arms-a construction too well known to require illustration. We claim- '1.' In -a fire-arm havinga barrel openinginto the receiver at its' rear end, a longitudinal breech-piece arranged in the receiver in rear. of said barrel, the receiver constructed with an abutment to support the rear end of the' breech-piece when in its closed position, the brccch-pieec hung upon trunnlons at its forward end in longitudi nal guides in the receiver, the said trunnions formiugpivots upon which the breeclrpiecc may swing up or down to bring its rearend against 0r take it from said abutment, the said longitudinal guides permit ting the longitudinal reciprocating movement of the breech-piece in opening and closing, a lag slide longitudinallyguided in the receiver and in stud-and-groove connection with the said breech-piece at its rear end, with mechanism, substantially such as described, to impart longitudinal movement to said slide, substantially as specified, and whereby under the first part e of the rear movement of thesaid slide a-downward-swinging movement is imparted to the rear end of the breech-piece to release it from the abutment and then the longitudinal rear movement continued to bring the breech-piece to its extreme open position, and von the`return movement-ot the slide the breech-piece is first brought to its forward position and then raised at the rear end to bring it against its abutment rin the receiver. - 2. In atire-arm having abarrel openinginto the receiverV at its rear end, a longitudinal breech-piece arranged 'in the receiver in rear of said barrel, and the receiver constructed with an abutment to support the rear end 0f the breech-piece, the breech-'piece hung upon trunnions at its forward end in longitudinal guides in the receiver, the said trunnions form- -ing pivots upon which the breech-piece may swing up or down to bring its rear endagainst or take it from said abutment, said longitudinal guides permitting the longitudinal movement of .the breech-piece in opening andclosing, and the said guides for the trunnions in' clined downward at vtheir rear end, and whereby the forward end .of the breech-piece vis droppedas it approaches its extreme open position, a slide longitudinally guided in lthe receiver and in connection with thesaidbreechpiece at its rear end, with mechanism, substantially such as described,to impart longitudinal reciprocating movement to said slide, substantially as'speciied. 3. In a fire-arm having the barrel opening into the receiver at the breech, the combination therewith of a breech-piece arranged longitudinally in the receiyer in rear of the barrel, the breech-piece constructed with a laterallyprojecting trunnion upon one or both sides near its forward end, and the receiver with correwith a laterally projecting stud to work in said inclined .groove in the breech-piece, the receiveralso constructed with an abutment at the 'rearof the breech-piece, against which the rear endof the breech piece is adapted to rest when in its closed position,- ,with mechanism, substantially such as de- Y scribed, to impart a back 'and forward movement to said link, substantially as specified, movement of the link the rear end of the breech-piece will be thrown downward and away from its abutment and then in the continued movement of the said link will pass rearward beneath the upper4 tang of the receiver to its fully-open position. 4. In a tire-arm having a barrel opening into thereceiver at its rear end, alongitudinal breech-piecein the receiver in rear of the barrel, with an abutment in the receiver at the rear of the breech-piece to support said breechpiece hung at its forward end upon trunnions, the said trunnions permitting an up-and-down swinging movement to the rear end' of .the in guides to permit longitudinal movement of the breech-piece, a hammer hung in the rcceiver below the breech-piece, its nose'adapted to strike into a recess upon lthe under side-of Vbreech-piece, and thesaid trunnions arranged the breech-piece', with a longitudinal firing-pin in the breech-piece, its rear end in said recess and in the path of the said hammer when the breech-piece is in its closed position, with mechanism, substantially such as described, to impart the up-and-dowu swinging movel nient to the rear end of the breech-piece and its longitudinal opening and closing movement, substantially as described. 5. In a fire arm having abarrel opcning into the receiver at the rear, the combination of the` breech-piece F, hung upon trunnions atits forward end, the said trunnions resting in corresponding longitudinal grooves in the receiver, the said breech-piece also constructed with a groove, R, upon its side near the rear end inclined upward and backward, thel receiver'constrncted with an abutment,G,against which the rear end of-the said breech-piece is adapted tobear, a link, M, having a stud, S, upon its outer side, the receiver constructed l with a; corresponding groove, T, as a guide for the movement of said link, the said lilik also provided with a stud, P, adapted to work in said inclined groove R in the breech-piece, a longitudinally-sliding handle forward of the receiver, and a rod extending therefrom into connection with said link, substantially as described. 6. In a fire-arm having a barrel opening into A the receiver' at the rear end, the breech-piece F, hung upon trunnions at its. forward end, working in corresponding longitudinal guides in. the receiver, an abutment, G, at the rear end, against which said breech-piece bears in its closed position, a link, M, arranged for longitudinal movement in the receiver and in connection with said breech-piece near its-rear end, and adapted to. impart an up-and-down, swinging movement to the rear end of the breech-piece, and also a longitudinal recipro, eating movement to the breech-piece, a hammer hung beneath the` breech-piece, aringpin in the breech-piece,whichthe said hammer is adapted to strike, the dog l, hung forward of the hammer, its hosen adapted to engage a cor- Aits opening movement, and also constructed with a projection forward of its pivot in the v scribed, and whereby the nose of the dog will stantiall y as described.l -su'ch as dcsc'rbed,to impart longitudinal moveresponding shoulder on the hub of the hammer, the tail of the dogcxtcnding forward beneath the link M, and the said .link constructed with a projection, t, adapted to bear upon thc tail of the said dog when the breech-piece is in its closed position, with mechanism, substantially such as described, to impart longitudinal movement to said link, substantially as debe taken out of the path of the hammer asl th breech-piece comes to itsloelkcd position, 'subl7. In a magazine fire-arm in which the magazine is arranged beneath the barrel, both the barrel and magazine opening into the receiver at the rear, the combination therewith of a breech-piece hung upon trunnions near its forward end, the said trunnions arranged in lon- Vgitudinal guides in. the receiver, the receiver constructed with an abutment in rear of the breech-piece and against which the rear end of the breeclrpiece is adapted to abut when in its closed position, a longitudinally guided and reciprocating slidein thereceiver parallel with the breech-piece, provided with astud and the breech-piece with a corresponding upward and rearwardly inclined groove near itsrear end, mechanism, substantially such as described, to impart the said longitudinal reciprocating movement to said slide, a carrier hungl beneath the breech -'piecc, and adapted to swing up and down for the transfer of a cartrid'ge'from the magazine to the barrel, substantiallyas dcscribed. t 8. In a magazine frre-armhaving th'emaga-r zine arranged beneath the barrel and both the barrel and magaziiie opening into the receiver at the roar, the longitudinal breechpiece arranged in the 'receiver inthe rear of said barrel, the receiver constructed with an abutment to support the rear end ofthe breechpiece when in its closed position, the breech-4 piece hung upon' trunnions atits forward end in vlongitudinal guides iu the receiver, the said trunnions forming pivots upon which thebreech-piece may swing up or down to bring its rear end against or take it from said abutment, the said longitudinal guides permitting the longitudinal' reciprocating movement of the breech-piece for opening.;` and closing, a slidelongitiulinally guided in the receiver and in stud-and-grooveconnection with said breechpiece at its rear end, mechanism, substantially ment to said slide, and a carrier rear beneath said breech-piece and adapted to swing up and down in the iransferof a cartridge from the magazine, the said carrier constructed with an upward projection in rear of its pivot in the path of the breech-piece in hung at the path of the breech-piece in its closing move ment, substantially as described. 9. In a magazine lire-arm in which the maga` zine is arranged beneath the barrel and both stantially as described. the barrel and magazine opening into the. rcceiver at the rear, the combination therewith ofthe longitudinal breech-piece F, the rcceiver constructed with an abutment, G, at the rear, against which the breech-piecemay bear .in'its closed position, the sliding handleKbeneath the barrel, t-hc rod L, extending from the handle into the receiver, thej link M, its forward end hung to said rod and its rear end istud-and-groove connectionwithsidbreechpiece, the hammer b,h ung beneath the breech-` piece and extending upward, adapted to enter a recess in the 'under side of the breech-piece, a tiring-pin in said breech-piece, the rear end y of which extends into said recess and against which the hammer may strike, the hammer constructed with 'a finger-piece, I, extending through into the trigger-guard, and with a carrier beneath the breech-piece, .arranged Ato swing'up and down'imthc transfer of a cartridge from the magazine to the barrel, all sub- 10. In amagazine tire-arm in which the magazine is arranged beneath the barrel and both the barrel and magazine open into the receiver at the rear, a carrier hungin the receiver at the rear and 'adapted to swing up and down in the transfer ofv a cartridge from the magazine to the barrel, the said carrier constructed with a wing, 19, upon one side at its rear end, and an upward projection, 6, forward 'of said wing, leaving a recess, 20, between said wing4 and projection, the forwardedgc of the said A wing inclined outward, with a wing, 16, upon the opposite-'side at the rear end and eXtending forward to a point opposite said'recess 20, the said wing having an inward overhang at the top, and with an inward projection at its forward end, so as to form a recess, 18, at the rear, 4the cxtreme forward cdgcot' the said wing inclined outward, substantially as and for the purpose described. 11. lu a iirc-arm in which the barrel is open. into the receiver at the rear, and having a iro longitudinal. breech -piece arranged to abut against a shoulder in the receiver atti-1e rear, and in which the first movement ofthe breechpiece in opening is downward at the rear to escape from` the abutment and then longiti'ldi- I 15 nally rearward, the combination therewith of an extractor arranged on the top of the breechpiece and guided for longitudinal movement, a spring the action of which is .to :force the said hook rearward, but yield to permit its for- 1 2o ward longitudinal'movement, and the brcechpiece constructed with a shoulder on its-face below said hook, and upon which the lower edge ot' the head of the cartridge ma)v rest while the upper edge is enga substantial l y as described. II. W. Rian, A. S. Mairena. ged by said hook, 1 2 5