American Pioneers refers to the settlers that colonized the western portion what is now known as the United States of America in the 19th century. For the most part these people were white, and either Americans from the East Coast or European immigrants. (After the American Civil War, a significant population of Black pioneers known as the Exodusters existed but their motivations and experiences were somewhat different from white pioneers. They were not part of the image of the American Pioneer

A Mormon teenager traveling through the American Southwest in the mid-19th century was abducted by Native Americans. Her life was never the same.

In the year 1836, the first wagon train set off from Independence, Missouri, heading west. That wagon train followed the Oregon Trail, a route laid down by fur trappers and traders just 20 years before. This was the first wagon train to set off on the 2,170-mile route. And it…

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Historical photograph of a 1800's era family on a Westward expedition.

For pioneer travelers, there were very few places along the journey to buy provisions. There were no refrigerators or freezers.

Edited from "Packing Your Wagon" by Ardeth G. Kapp New Era July 1991 Some time ago, my niece Shelly called my home to report what sounded to me like a condition of epidemic proportion. She was in college, and it was just before finals. Shelly explained that she and her roommates were stressed out and needed a place to escape for the weekend. I, of course, was delighted to provide the place. They said there had hardly been a weekend or even a day when they had not been completely overloaded. “So much to do and so little time” was their comment as they talked of schedules, commitments, expectations, pressures, and even some anxieties about dates, deadlines, decisions, finances, future obligations, and unlimited opportunities. Too often we allow ourselves to be driven from one deadline, activity, or opportunity to the next. We check events off our calendar and think, “After this week things will let up,” or “After this semester …” or “After graduation, then the pressure will ease.” We live with false expectations. Unless we learn to take control of the present, we will always live in anticipation of better days in the future. And when those days arrive, we shall still be looking ahead, making it difficult to enjoy the here and now. The beautiful fall leaves come and go and in our busyness we miss them. We live in a time when we can do more, have more, see more, accumulate more, and want more than any time we have ever known. I believe if possible the adversary would keep us busily engaged in a multitude of trivial things in an effort to keep us distracted from the few vital things that make all of the difference. We live in a time when too often success is determined by the things we gather, accumulate, collect, measure, and even compare in relation to what others gather and accumulate. This pattern of living invites its own consequences and built-in stress. It is as we learn to simplify and reduce, prioritize and cut back on the excesses, that we have enough time and money for the essentials, for all that we ultimately want and even more. We read about the pioneers who, in the early history of the Church, left their possessions, “their things,” and headed west. Those who were with the handcart company, who would push or pull their carts into the wilderness, would give much thought to what they would make room for in their wagons and what they would be willing to leave behind. Even after the journey began, some things had to be unloaded along the way if people were to reach their destination. Today our tests are different. We are not called to load our wagons and head west. Our frontier and wilderness are different, but we too must decide what we will make room for in our wagons and what is of highest value. What is it that drives a people to sacrifice all, if necessary, to receive the blessings available only in the temple? It is their faith and a spiritual witness of the importance of our covenants with God and our immense possibilities. It is in the temple, the house of the Lord, that we participate in ordinances and covenants that span the distance between heaven and earth and prepare us to return to God’s presence and enjoy the blessings of eternal families and eternal life. As we take an inventory of the things we are carrying in our wagons and make decisions about what we will be willing to leave behind and what we will cling to, we have guidance. The Lord has given us a great promise to which I bear my testimony. He has said, “Therefore, if you will ask of me you shall receive; if you will knock it shall be opened unto you. Seek to bring forth and establish my Zion. Keep my commandments in all things. And, if you keep my commandments and endure to the end you shall have eternal life, which gift is the greatest of all the gifts of God” (D&C 14:5–7). When we understand that our covenants with God are essential to our eternal life, these sacred promises become the driving force that helps us lighten our load, prioritize our activities. eliminate the excesses, accelerate our progress, and reduce the distractions that could, if not guarded, get us mired down in mud while other wagons move on.

As the long winter finally thaws, and the pioneer-esque dresses we saw on the runways finally hit stores, what will you be wearing as you strike out into the wilderness this spring?

Don't miss the settlement's annual peanut boil on September 24th.

This village will take you straight back to Washington in the late 1800s.

Gain instant access to this beautifully designed Unit on Pioneers, where kids will learn all about Early Pioneers, Life on the Trail, Sodbusters of the Great Plains, and more. Access 3 different reading levels perfect for Grades 3-8. Written by subject experts, aligns with standards.

Learn stories of faith, trials, and miracles from LDS pioneer women while they crossed the plains. These are perfect to share in your next talk or lesson.

“I didn’t choose art as a career, it chose me” is the answer often given by Tom Browning whenever asked why he decided to become an artist. Browning began drawing horses, wildlife and Indians at age seven, and after five decades of painting and studying the work of Charlie Russell, James Reynolds and Haddon Sundblom,...Read More

Packing for Four Months on the Oregon Trail I have to admit, packing for any type of trip is one of my least favorite past times. Don’t get me wrong, I love to travel. I just dislike the packing process, and don’t even get me started on unpacking. I’ve been known to go for weeks ... Read more

So far I have intended this blog to be my version of responsible, well referenced, (pseudo-) academic research oriented, "just-the-facts, ma'am, just-the-facts" writing. Today I am going to change all that and plunge into an argument with some folks from a decade and a half ago. I will have the advantage in this pursuit in that the other side will be limited to points made in a newspaper article kindly provided to me by a librarian - the cream of humankind. All the rebuttals to my arguments will have to be made by you, my readers. Both of you. But first, the statue. This information was gleaned from an article in the Thursday June 8, 1995 "The New Mexican," a Santa Fe daily newspaper. The article was written by H.L. Lovato. The sculpture was created by architect/sculptor Burke Rutherford as part of a deal made with New Mexico Highlands University, which is located in Las Vegas, NM. The arrangement seems to have gone something like this. Students at Highland would help cast their statue from 825 pounds of bronze, purchased by the university for $1,407 (a steal at today’s prices) and would also create a second casting from materials paid for by Rutherford. The students spent over 730 hours creating the Las Vegas casting. Whether or not the second casting was also done by students is not clear. Here is the controversy, or as the newspaper headline put it, “Sculpture sows discontent.” (A little journalistic joke - the statue is sowing grain or something. Get it?) Jean Hinkie, an area resident, is quoted as saying “It doesn’t really represent the history of this area of New Mexico. It is not complete until a Hispanic and an American Indian woman are placed with their counterpart.” Hmmmm. Seems to me (a male) that it is not really “complete” until it has some men in it, all pioneers were not women, you know, and my faithful friend Gabe is throwing in “And dogs, there should be lots of dogs.” But we digress. Put another way, a work of art can never really tell the whole story of anything. Well, abstract art, maybe, but what is the story there? Whooops. Digressing again. Even more perturbed than Hinke seemed to be Anselmo Arellano. Arellano is an educator and fairly prolific author of New Mexico Hispanic related books and articles and, I am happy to relate, not the Anselmo Arellano who shows up in “Find-a-Grave. At that time (1995) he was an oral history teacher at Highlands University. He said, (as only an oral historian can), “The female pioneers of Las Vegas were Hispanic. The Anglos did not arrive until after the Santa Fe Trail passed through the area.” He goes on to state that, with this in mind, the sculptured figure was dressed all wrong, that she should be wearing “tápalos or rebozos” and not in a bonnet or calico dress as featured on the statue. A university spokesperson, Benita Budd, further muddied the waters by explaining, “It was not intended to represent Anglo women, nor was there any effort to represent any ethnic group.” Spoken like a true bureaucrat. From my perspective we (I’m assuming that all you will agree with me) can pretty quickly dispense with the “no ethic group” sentiment. The woman sculpted was an Anglo, ‘cause, . . . if she looks like an Anglo and dresses like and Anglo, then she pretty much IS an Anglo. More to the point (at least my point) is, does a New Mexico Pioneer have to be Hispanic? I am one of those who despairs sometimes about the WASPization of American History. Our history, as presented by movies and T.V. and even school textbooks could easily lead one to the conviction that all the Western expansion was done by folks who looked like, say, Ronald Regan. And it was not like that. On the other hand I was looking at a drawing of a US Cavalry soldier recently by the great Western artist Frederick Remington and the guy was black. The drawing was not labeled “Buffalo Soldier”, just “Soldier.” And it worked for me just fine. So it is with the Pioneer Woman. Recently I found this picture of a pioneer woman and it could have been the same one that Rutherford and the students created. My bottom line is that the artist willing to spend the time and effort involved with getting a bunch of 20 somethings to make a statue was, in all likelihood, an Anglo. Not wanting to look a gift horse in the mouth, the University accepted the work. Now whether the statue its self is a great work of art is another issue that I probably will never take up. Another casting of the statue, perhaps Rutherford’s, is located at Pioneer Park in Worland, Wyoming.

In America's early days, pioneers headed west to make new homes or become gold prospectors, and on their journeys, which were often thousands of miles, they encountered disease, treacherous roads and enemies. Traveling rough roads in covered wagons often resulted in death from failed river crossings, accidents or Indian attacks.

Spoiler: You might still bring some of these foods on a road trip.

“If this country is ever demoralized, it will come from trying to live without work.” ~ Abraham Lincoln Besides the brilliant ...

TOM BROWNING - Uma tropa - Óleo sobre tela TOM BROWNING - Primeiros sulcos da primavera Óleo sobre tela - 76,2 x 101,6 Quando adquiri o livro Timeless techniques for Better Oil Paintings, de Tom Browning, em 1999, tornei-me logo um admirador incondicional de seu trabalho. Cativou, logo de início, não apenas o traço preciso e expressivo, mas principalmente o uso de uma paleta limpa, com cores que sempre foram de encontro com o que sempre busquei em minha própria pintura. Engana-se quem acha que a objetividade das pinceladas de Tom Browning possa sugerir uma pintura simples. Ela não é! A excelência de seu trabalho foi construída na dedicação e experimentação de muitos anos. O que seu livro pôde me sugerir também é que além de ótimo artista, socializa suas descobertas e experiências com muitas dicas e exemplos que são úteis a iniciantes e veteranos. Anos mais tarde, acabei confirmando essa minha suposição, pois seu livro foi aclamado como um dos melhores trabalhos didáticos sobre arte para a sua década. TOM BROWNING - Ridin the chuckline - Óleo sobre tela 60,96 x 93,98 TOM BROWNING - Uma brisa suave Óleo sobre tela - 45,72 x 40,64 Nascido na cidade de Ontario, no estado norte-americano de Oregon, em 1949, teve sua carreira profissional iniciada no ano de 1972. Tinha como temática principal a representação da vida selvagem, que realizava quase sempre com apontamentos em preto e branco. Ao mesmo tempo que parecia uma técnica limitada, essa acabou permitindo uma grande produção em pouco período e solidificando no artista aquilo que ele considera o mais importante em qualquer trabalho artístico: o uso correto dos valores tonais. São os valores tonais, aliás, o tema principal das diversas oficinas e workshops que realiza por todo o território dos Estados Unidos, durante todo o ano. TOM BROWNING - Fora da trilha - Óleo sobre tela - 50,8 x 76,2 TOM BROWNING - Começando viagem Óleo sobre tela - 40,64 x 60,96 A figura do cowboy e as cenas do oeste tornaram-se, por assim dizer, o cartão de visitas de Tom Browning. Baseado nos apontamentos de desenhos e experiência da vivência com o próprio cowboy do noroeste americano, Tom Browning registra em sua obra aquilo que é praticamente sua rotina e lhe é comum em toda sua trajetória. O cowboy e o cavalo, em sua pintura, são uma espécie de símbolo. Os contrastes criados entre esses dois elementos e o meio em que vivem resultam em composições de forte impacto emocional e com refinada carga poética. Esquerda: TOM BROWNING - Christmas Eve - Óleo sobre tela - 40,64 x 30,48 Direita: TOM BROWNING - Papai Noel - Óleo sobre tela - 45,72 x 35,56 Mantendo a famosa tradição de bons ilustradores americanos, como Norman Rockwell, Andrew Loomis e Drew Struzan, Tom Browning lançou na década de 90 uma série de ilustrações do Papai Noel, que lhe rendeu reputação mundial e o colocou como um dos maiores vendedores de produtos com essa temática em todo o mundo, vindo a representar comercialmente várias empresas que exploram essa sua criação. Durante mais de 15 anos, a venda de figurinhas autocolantes com o “bom velhinho” se tornou uma febre entre crianças e mesmo adultos. Todos os anos, por ocasião de fim de ano, novas e despojadas situações de Papai Noel são aguardadas com ansiedade. TOM BROWNING - Na terra prometida - Óleo sobre tela - 121,92 x 91,44 Desde que se tornou um membro efetivo da Northwest Rendezvous Group, em 1986, foi indicado 4 vezes para a premiação maior e finalmente em 1994, adquiriu o prêmio de excelência pela NWR Group. Também é membro da Portrait Painters Society of America, onde chegou como finalista de um concurso em 2000. Participa também da National Academy of Western Art e da Plein Air Painters of America. TOM BROWNING - A Adoração dO Menino - Óleo sobre tela - Tríptico - 4,9 x 3,05 m Outro trabalho de grande relevância na carreira do artista trata-se de A Adoração Do Menino, realizado para a Igreja de St Mary, em Boise, no estado de Idaho. É um tríptico, cuja peça principal tem 3,05 m de altura x 2,48 m de largura. O conjunto completo ocupa uma área de 4,90 m de comprimento x 3,05 m de altura. Foi uma encomenda feita em 2008 pelo Reverendo W. Thomas Faucher. A pintura representa Maria ao centro, segurando O Menino Jesus, com mais 9 mulheres do Antigo Testamento à esquerda e 9 do Novo Testamento à direita. É possível identificar todas elas e inclusive quais as modelos que posaram como representantes de cada uma (http://www.stmarysboise.org/photos-church.htm). Assim como um famoso tríptico parecido com esse, que fica na cidade alemã de Colônia, esse também fica fechado no período de Quaresma. O próprio artista afirmou que se trata da encomenda mais importante e emocionante de sua carreira. Visão externa da Saint Mary's Church TOM BROWNING - Realizando o painel central de A Adoração dO Menino A Adoração dO Menino - Altar PARA SABER MAIS: www.tombrowning.com https://www.facebook.com/tom.browning.965?fref=ts

Great generals are scarce; there are few Morgans. General Nathanael Greene Daniel Morgan Bar-room brawler, drinker, gambler, and womanizer; six feet tall and built like a brick yard with arms like …

Pioneer Living and Cloth Dyeing (Hands-on History)

The settlers who chose to make their homes in the upper Ohio in the mid to late eighteenth century faced a wide variety of...

“Covered Wagon Women” is a fascinating non-fiction account of fourteen pioneer women traveling west in the 1840’s. The book was edited and compiled by historian Kenneth L. Holmes. It is a remarkabl…

Someone is Wondering Why He Don’t Write by David Wright I’ve been sitting by the fire these winter days finishing up a book due out September 2015, awaiting galleys for Love’s Fortune, and wrapping my head and heart around a new frontier story set in Kentucky in 1773. This was Kentucky at its wildest and wooliest so to speak, a place and setting ... Read More

The American Revolutionary War was an insurrection by Patriots in the 13 colonies against British rule, resulting in American independence.

Film-maker Paul Ratner developed a passion for researching old photographs of indigenous people while making "Moses on the Mesa", a film about a German-Jewish immigrant who fell in love with a Native-American woman and became governor of her tribe of Acoma Pueblo in New Mexico in the late 1800s.

Krystii Melaine, California Dreaming, oil, 30 x 20.

Handouts: These are sized as 4×6 images, but there are also PDF files with 4 of each image on a page, and a bookmark View and download all images and PDF files here “Whether you have pion…

Historical crafts are a great way to bring history to life for older kids. So it's time to put down the textbook and add one of these easy Pioneer crafts to your American history lesson plans.

Who was the man who became an American icon? Daniel Boone was a frontiersman, pioneer, political figure, ally of Native Americans, and more.

Native American tepee design.

In my early American History courses, I have students watch a brief documentary about the “Oregon Trail” and list all of the difficulties that one might face on this perilous journey. Topics such as this always make me – and hopefully my...

In the year 1836, the first wagon train set off from Independence, Missouri, heading west. That wagon train followed the Oregon Trail, a route laid down by fur trappers and traders just 20 years before. This was the first wagon train to set off on the 2,170-mile route. And it…