Teatime4Science – Teabag Index

Week six of the Solid Waste Management committee has brought disappointing results, with a WATSAN spokesperson commenting that long weekends seem to bring out the worst in people.

About this item Leave cleanup time behind at your Dia de los Muertos celebration thanks to these Day of the Dead Dinner Plates. These paper plates feature a unique sugar skull illustration and will pair perfectly with solid color partyware or our other Day of the Dead party supplies. Use these dinner plates at your party, then toss away for hassle-free festivities. (8 pcs per unit) 9" OTC

Nike Zoom Mercurial Superfly 9 Elite FG football boots 2024 Solid football boots Instantly tilt the field with the bold design of the Superfly 9 Elite FG. We've added a Zoom Air unit, designed specifically for soccer, and a grippy texture on top for exceptional touch, so you can control the waning minutes of a game - when it matters most. Feel the explosive speed as you race down the field, making critical plays quickly and at a fast pace on the ground and in the air. Welcome to the field, ...

Two easy-to-build components—a sturdy workbench and a versatile tool-storage wall complete with custom tool racks—will make your workspace the envy of your friends. The durable MDF benchtop provides a solid, stable worksurface, and an ingenious set of blocks behind the rails turns an ordinary one-hand clamp into a vise.Dimensions:Workbench: 66"W x 24"D x 34-1/2"HWall storage unit: 72"W x 9"D x 83-3/4"HFeatured inWOOD Issue 221, October 2013

Those of you who have seen some of my other folded pieces will know that I have been strongly influenced by the designs of Tomoko Fuse. One design in particular, a toroid from page 21 of Fuse's book Unit Polyhedron Origami, (mis)taught me that it was possible to bring together twenty identical objects with tetrahedral symmetry to create a "giant ball." Making these toroids (which, as it turns out, are geometrically invalid near-misses, but most people don't notice that) is always an interesting challenge, and they form an integral part of my repertoire. A different part of the same book teaches the units depicted in this photograph—the Double-Sided Convex and Concave Hexagonal Ring Solid Units—and page 70 describes how to use the latter to make one of the simplest designs: a truncated cube, or T₄ in the Stewart Toroid nomenclature. And perhaps now you see where I'm going with this. "Wouldn't it be a lark," I thought to myself, "if I revisited Tomoko Fuse's book in order to combine the tetrahedral symmetry toroid concept with her hexagonal ring solid units?" What you see here is the result. The coloring is simple: a rainbow gradient from the inside to the outside. Each truncated cube contains 3 red units, 3 orange units, 9 yellow units (shared with neighboring truncated cubes), and 6 green units, after which the cycle reverses: 9 light blue units, 3 dark blue units, and finally 3 purple units. The yellow units are convex Hexagonal Ring Solid units, while all of the other units are concave. The distinction is important: using concave units everywhere by merely reversing their creases where needed causes the structure to easily come apart. Glue doesn't help. Trust me, I tried.

A stunning piece to add to your living space, this wall-mounted shelving unit is a gorgeous media console to feature in a modern home. The dual shelves, each of which features long panels and rounded corners, are attached to a square back panel to enhance the contemporary visual. Features: Includes one (1) wall-mounted media console Available in three (3) color options: Cappuccino, Vintage Walnut, White Oak Floating illusion with solid wood wall-mount anchors Two (2) horizontal open display shelves Rounded edges for safety and modern design Each shelf features a hole for convenient wire management Not designed to hold and support an actual TV Crafted with MDF and veneer Weight capacity: up to 150 lbs (approx.) Requires complete assembly; tools not included Comes with assembly instructions Dimensions: Height between shelves: 7.75 inches Overall: 18 inches high x 60 inches wide x 9 inches deep

This lovely updated condo lies in the heart of Siesta Key Village!! Perfect Location!! Adorable condo updated, light & bright is now available and ready for you. Minorga Complex in Siesta Key Village includes a community heated pool with only an 8 minute walk to the beach! Your choice of cafe's, restaurants, shops and nightlight are all only steps away from the end unit condo. Walk to a local's favorite, The Salty Dog, for a grouper sandwich and an ice cold beer, or Solorzano's Pizza, another fave only a 3 minute walk and the Beach Club Nightclub has live entertainment along with pool tables.....all just around the corner. Only an 8 minute walk to sink your toes in the white famous powdery sands of the Gulf of Mexico where you can lie under an umbrella and relax with a good book and cold drink! (walk to your choice of Public beach accesses) #3 and #5 are just 0.4 miles (8 minute walk) and #2 & #4 are just 0.5 miles (9 minute walk). Beach cart provided. Minorga on the Gulf Highlights: Updated Lovely End Unit Condo Steps to Cafes and Beach 3TV's Total Cable/WiFi Beach Accessories Included (Towels, Umbrella, etc) King Master with Cable TV Guest Bedroom Queen Bed with Cable TV Large Flatscreen TV in Living Room, Streaming & Cable Community Heated Pool (no grill) Keyless Entry & Parking Available Stainless Kitchen Includes, Pots, Pans and Dishes Coffeemaker, Blender, Utensils (No Food Items) Private New GE W/D Inside the Condo 8 Min Walk to Public Beach Access #5 and #3 9 Min Walk to Public Beach Access #4 and #2 6 Min Bike Ride to Siesta Key Beach & Pavilion No Smoking/Vaping Allowed Inside the Condo Enter using one of two keyless doors as there is both a front and back door to use with parking available at both. The condo is beautifully updated in beach/nautical accents and sleeps 4 easily with 6 max using the living room sofa sleeper (queen). The living room has two sofas, one being green leather with a matching chair. There's a sliding door that leads out to the front, open patio. You have a large new LG flat screen TV with cable services and streaming available. WiFi throughout the unit is included. The kitchen has white cabinets and stainless appliances with tile flooring. It's stocked with dishes, glasses, coffeemaker, pots and pans to cook at home. No food items. Off the kitchen is a tall dining table for 6 where you can enjoy a sit down homemade prepared dish together. BEDROOMS/BATH: Two bedrooms and one bath....the master bedroom has a beautiful king bed, closet, dresser, wall-mounted TV including cable and new wood engineered flooring. The guest bedroom has a queen bed, small LG flatscreen TV atop a dresser and closet. Also with new wood engineered flooring. The guest bath has a a solid stone vanity and single sink with a beautiful tiled shower stall in soft hues of beige & gray. You have both a handheld shower head and regular to use. . This is a NO SMOKING or VAPING condo. This unit has street parking which is first come/first served. Complex parking here is restricted. Many complexes do not allow boats, trailers, jet skis, kayaks, or golf carts. Ask prior to booking to confirm if your special vehicle will be allowed. No oversized vehicles are allowed including RVs, trailers, etc. One Small Dog considered with non-refundable pet fee. Must be house trained, well behaved and a non-aggressive breed. Contact us for approval and a pet rental agreement. No pets are allowed in the pool area.

This lovely updated condo lies in the heart of Siesta Key Village!! Perfect Location!! Adorable condo updated, light & bright is now available and ready for you. Minorga Complex in Siesta Key Village includes a community heated pool with only an 8 minute walk to the beach! Your choice of cafe's, restaurants, shops and nightlight are all only steps away from the end unit condo. Walk to a local's favorite, The Salty Dog, for a grouper sandwich and an ice cold beer, or Solorzano's Pizza, another fave only a 3 minute walk and the Beach Club Nightclub has live entertainment along with pool tables.....all just around the corner. Only an 8 minute walk to sink your toes in the white famous powdery sands of the Gulf of Mexico where you can lie under an umbrella and relax with a good book and cold drink! (walk to your choice of Public beach accesses) #3 and #5 are just 0.4 miles (8 minute walk) and #2 & #4 are just 0.5 miles (9 minute walk). Beach cart provided. Minorga on the Gulf Highlights: Updated Lovely End Unit Condo Steps to Cafes and Beach 3TV's Total Cable/WiFi Beach Accessories Included (Towels, Umbrella, etc) King Master with Cable TV Guest Bedroom Queen Bed with Cable TV Large Flatscreen TV in Living Room, Streaming & Cable Community Heated Pool (no grill) Keyless Entry & Parking Available Stainless Kitchen Includes, Pots, Pans and Dishes Coffeemaker, Blender, Utensils (No Food Items) Private New GE W/D Inside the Condo 8 Min Walk to Public Beach Access #5 and #3 9 Min Walk to Public Beach Access #4 and #2 6 Min Bike Ride to Siesta Key Beach & Pavilion No Smoking/Vaping Allowed Inside the Condo Enter using one of two keyless doors as there is both a front and back door to use with parking available at both. The condo is beautifully updated in beach/nautical accents and sleeps 4 easily with 6 max using the living room sofa sleeper (queen). The living room has two sofas, one being green leather with a matching chair. There's a sliding door that leads out to the front, open patio. You have a large new LG flat screen TV with cable services and streaming available. WiFi throughout the unit is included. The kitchen has white cabinets and stainless appliances with tile flooring. It's stocked with dishes, glasses, coffeemaker, pots and pans to cook at home. No food items. Off the kitchen is a tall dining table for 6 where you can enjoy a sit down homemade prepared dish together. BEDROOMS/BATH: Two bedrooms and one bath....the master bedroom has a beautiful king bed, closet, dresser, wall-mounted TV including cable and new wood engineered flooring. The guest bedroom has a queen bed, small LG flatscreen TV atop a dresser and closet. Also with new wood engineered flooring. The guest bath has a a solid stone vanity and single sink with a beautiful tiled shower stall in soft hues of beige & gray. You have both a handheld shower head and regular to use. . This is a NO SMOKING or VAPING condo. This unit has street parking which is first come/first served. Complex parking here is restricted. Many complexes do not allow boats, trailers, jet skis, kayaks, or golf carts. Ask prior to booking to confirm if your special vehicle will be allowed. No oversized vehicles are allowed including RVs, trailers, etc. One Small Dog considered with non-refundable pet fee. Must be house trained, well behaved and a non-aggressive breed. Contact us for approval and a pet rental agreement. No pets are allowed in the pool area.

Description Summary Full in-house custom build on a 3/4-ton Chevy chassis. Air ride 502/502hp Ram Jet fully polished, TH400 transmission, air conditioning, stereo with 5-screen DVD, big back window cab and custom built roll-up bed cover. Details This full in-house custom build started life as single-cab 22' flatbed F600, now on a pickup frame with a 4-door cab. Air ride, 502/502hp Ram Jet fully polished, TH400 transmission, full EMT air conditioning unit, full blow-your-mind stereo setup with 5-screen DVD, big back window cab, custom-built roll-up bed cover, four 2005 Denali bucket seats and expensive Swedish leather. Pickup bed built to size, rear fenders widened 3', side split dropped 7-1/2', front fender dropped 9' to match hand-built running boards, also 3' rolled bed rail to match cab size. Original 3/4-ton Ford pickup tailgate retains original build look. Interior dash, full overhead console and full console between four bucket seats. All hand-built and painted. All interior door, console and back of rear seats formed in aluminum and covered. Front of truck welded hood solid with BMW-style forward tilt. Fenders cut out with large openings and fit half-ton pickup fender well openings. Front and rear roll pans hand-formed. Six frenched 1939 Ford taillights, polished shotgun scoop set in hood with polished wheelie bars out back. Bottom of truck looks as good as top of truck with rock-proof coating under fenders. Hood painted to match truck color. Long tube Sanderson headers, 3' exhaust all polished heat-coated, disc in front, DANA 60 with drum in rear, 20-gallon stainless tank. One-off machined console center and steps of aluminum, then chromed. Summary Full in-house custom build on a 3/4-ton Chevy chassis. Air ride 502/502hp Ram Jet fully polished, TH400 transmission, air conditioning, stereo with 5-screen DVD, big back window cab and custom built roll-up bed cover. Details This full in-house custom build started life as single-cab 22' flatbed F600, now on a pickup frame with a 4-door cab. Air ride, 502/502hp Ram Jet fully polished, TH400 transmission, full EMT air conditioning unit, full blow-your-mind stereo setup with 5-screen DVD, big back window cab, custom-built roll-up bed cover, four 2005 Denali bucket seats and expensive Swedish leather. Pickup bed built to size, rear fenders widened 3', side split dropped 7-1/2', front fender dropped 9' to match hand-built running boards, also 3' rolled bed rail to match cab size. Original 3/4-ton Ford pickup tailgate retains original build look. Interior dash, full overhead console and full console between four bucket seats. All hand-built and painted. All interior door, console and back of rear seats formed in aluminum and covered. Front of truck welded hood solid with BMW-style forward tilt. Fenders cut out with large openings and fit half-ton pickup fender well openings. Front and rear roll pans hand-formed. Six frenched 1939 Ford taillights, polished shotgun scoop set in hood with polished wheelie bars out back. Bottom of truck looks as good as top of truck with rock-proof coating under fenders. Hood painted to match truck color. Long tube Sanderson headers, 3' exhaust all polished heat-coated, disc in front, DANA 60 with drum in rear, 20-gallon stainless tank. One-off machined console center and steps of aluminum, then chromed.

Estimated Back in Stock: End of November Product Specs Security Extra Features External Dimensions 59”H x 46”W x 30”H (Add 3” to D for Handle) Internal Dimensions 53 ½”H x 41”W x 26 ½”D Weight 900 lbs Door Opening 52”H x 37”W Gun Capacity 56+ Long Guns Fire Rating 1 Hour at 2300° F 1 Hour of Certified Fire Protection at 2300° F 3/16” Thick Solid Steel Pry-Resistant Door 9 Gauge Steel Exterior Walls SecuRam Electronic Lock Fourteen 1” Chrome Steel Locking Bolts Spring-Loaded Re-Locker ”Non-Breach Seal” Deadbolt Door Pre-Drilled Bolt Down Holes Modular Assembly System Assembles in 30 Minutes to 1 Hour 56+ Long Gun Capacity Powder-Coated Black Finish Lined Interior with Adjustable Shelves Lifetime Warranty DESCRIPTION VIDEOS REVIEWS INSTRUCTIONS Looking to put a safe in a real tight spot, upstairs or in a spot that a normal safe just shouldn't fit in? When a safe is finished at the factory, it's typically heavy, bulky and very awkward to move. For those of us who live in an apartment or condo, not only can we typically not bolt safes down but it's near impossible to get them upstairs and into the unit. For those with these fairly common problems, there is a solution for you and our friends over at SnapSafe have brilliantly come up with a way to assemble and take apart your own safe in your own home. It's a modular assembly system that you can put together in 30 minutes without sacrificing the traditional security of a normal safe. The Modular Assembly System locks the walls together from the inside and only requires a wrench, which is included with every shipment. Once closed and locked, the vault can't be disassembled from the outside. The exterior walls are composed of two 14 gauge layers totaling 9 gauge and the door is sledgehammer and pry-bar resistant with a 3/16" solid steel plate. It comes with fourteen 1" solid steel live locking bolts and a non-breech seal on the hinge side of the door providing professional grade protection not found on most residential safes. A heavy steel deadbolt runs the entire length of the hinge side of the door. Once locked, the door cannot be removed, even if the hinges are cut off. There are four pre-drilled holes for bolting the safe down. If all that security wasn't enough, the SnapSafe Modular Super XL Titan also provides 1 hour fire protection at 2300°. The internal panels are made of magnesium oxide (MgO) and are nearly impervious to fire, moisture, insects and mold. The ceramic insulation is provided in packets that fit perfectly into the body and door. Standard on the Super XXL Titan Gun Safe by SnapSafe is a SecuRam digital electronic lock with key backup. The interior of the Super XXL Titan is the same that you would find in a standard gun safe with one full shelf, one full gun rack, two half shelves and a divided shelf. All shelves are lines and adjustable for customization. SnapSafe believes in and stands behind their Modular Super XXL Titan Gun Safe by offering a Lifetime Warranty. If you ever experience a fire or attempted break-in, SnapSafe will repair or replace your safe at no charge. Titan XXL Owner’s Manual & Assembly Instructions View XXL Manual Titan XXL Parts List Below View XXL Parts List Sheet Assembly Video Below

"And so Discovery drove on toward Saturn, as often as not pulsating with the cool music of the harpsichord, the frozen thoughts of a brain that had been dust for twice a hundred years." - From 2001 a Space Odyssey by Arthur C Clarke. Here are some more images of my scratch built Discovery Dragonfly from the novel 2001 a space odyssey by Arthur C Clarke. I based this model off the drawing above. Of course as you can see I used a Liberal amount of artistic license for this one. You will notice that the three main doors are pointing vertically. The reason is that they are in a locked position. For the doors to open they have to rotate 90º to the left in order to be in a position to open. Just a little idea I came up with. The Dragonfly configuration very closely matches the description of the Discovery as it was described in the novel. The wing like appendages are radiators which would dissipate any excess heat produced by the nuclear engine. Stanley Kubrick eventually rejected this design because well... they looked like wings. Opting instead for the more bone like configuration that we all know and love. You'll also note that the pod bay doors are in a vertical position. The idea behind this is that they do open and close horizontally. But once they are closed they rotate 90º to a locking position. If you click on the harpsichord link above it will take you to a piece of music written by Bach which I feel had the movie followed more closely to the novel may very well have been used to play along side the Discovery as this sad melancholy ship moves towards Saturn. I know fanciful thinking but then again isn't that what this is all about? From Wikipedia" Although the novel and film were developed simultaneously, the novel follows early drafts of the film, from which the final version deviated. These changes were often for practical reasons relating to what could be filmed economically, and a few were due to differences of opinion between Kubrick and Clarke. The most notable differences are a change in the destination planet from Saturn to Jupiter, the nature of the sequence of events leading to HAL's demise. Stylistic differences may be more important than content differences. Of lesser importance are the appearance of the monolith, the age of HAL, and the novel giving names to various spacecraft, prehistoric apes, and HAL's inventor. Stylistically, the novel generally fleshes out and makes concrete many events left somewhat enigmatic in the film, as has been noted by many observers. Vincent LeBrutto has noted that the novel has "strong narrative structure" which fleshes out the story, while the film is a mainly visual experience where much remains "symbolic". Randy Rasmussen has noted that the personality of Heywood Floyd is different as in Clarke's novel he finds space travel thrilling acting almost as a "spokesman for Clarke" whereas in the film, he experiences space travel as "routine" and "tedious." In the film, Discovery's mission is to Jupiter, not Saturn. Kubrick used Jupiter because he and special effects supervisor Douglas Trumbull could not decide on what they considered to be a convincing model of Saturn's rings for the film. Clarke went on to replace Saturn with Jupiter in the novel's sequel 2010: Odyssey Two. Trumbull later developed a more convincing image of Saturn for his own directorial debut Silent Running. The general sequence of the showdown with Hal is different in the film than in the book. HAL's initial assertion that the AE-35 unit will fail comes in the film after an extended conversation with David Bowman about the odd and "melodramatic" "mysteries" and "secrecy" surrounding the mission, motivated because HAL is required to draw up and send to Earth a crew psychology report. In the novel it is during the birthday message to Frank Poole. In the film, Bowman and Poole decide on their own to disconnect HAL in context of a plan to restore the allegedly failing antenna unit in operation. If it does not fail, HAL will be shown to be malfunctioning. HAL discovers the plan by reading their lips through the EVA pod window. In Clarke's novel, ground control orders Bowman and Poole to disconnect HAL should he prove to be malfunctioning a second time in predicting that the second unit is going to go bad. However, in Clarke's novel, after Poole's death Bowman tries waking up the other crew members, whereupon HAL opens both the internal and external airlock doors, suffocating these three and almost killing Bowman. The film has Bowman, after Poole's murder, go out to rescue him. HAL denies him reentry and kills the hibernating crew members by turning off their life-support. In the sequel 2010: Odyssey Two, however, the recounting of the Discovery One mission is changed to the film version. The film is generally far more enigmatic about the reason for HAL's failure, while the novel spells out that HAL is caught up in an internal conflict because he is ordered to lie about the purpose of the mission. Because of what photographed well, the appearance of the monolith that guided Moon-watcher and the other 'man-apes' at the beginning of the story was changed from novel to film. In the novel, this monolith is a translucent crystal; In the film, it is solid black. The TMA1 and TMA2 monoliths were unchanged. In the book, HAL became operational on January 12, 1997, but in the movie the year is given as 1992. It has been thought that Kubrick wanted HAL to be the same age as a young bright child, nine years old. The famous quote that opens the film sequel 2010: The Year We Make Contact - "My God—it's full of stars!" - is actually not in the 2001 film, although it is in the 2001 book. From Wikipedia" The spacecraft is founded on solid, if as-yet unrealized, science. One concession was made for the purpose of reducing confusion, and that was to eliminate the huge cooling "wings" which would be needed to radiate the heat produced by the propulsion system. Stanley Kubrick felt that the audience might interpret the wings as meaning that the spacecraft was intended to fly through an atmosphere. Discovery was named after Captain Robert Scott's RRS Discovery, launched 1901; Arthur C. Clarke used to visit the ship when she was moored in London. It shares its name with a real spacecraft, the Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103).

HELLOOOOOO! Hello blog friends! It's been a loong time hasn't it? Much too long I think.  I think many of you will know my business has taken centre stage the last couple of years so it hasn't left me with much spare time for blogging, but more on that another time ;-) today I wanted to share with you this little mini quilt I made recently. I had a creative itch for stars, red, pink and some sort of christmas theme and this was my result!  Free pattern as follows; Cutting For the star blocks: (6) 3-1/4" cream squares (24) 1-1/2" cream squares (12) 1-7/8" red squares  (12) 1-7/8" pink squares  (3) 2-1/2" red square (3) 2-1/2" pink square For the sashing, borders and cornerstones: (4) 1-1/2" x 4-1/2" sashing strips  (1) 1-1/2" x 14-1/2" sashing strips (please adjust this length if required) (2) 3" x 9-1/2" border strips (please adjust this length if required) (2) 3" x 14-1/2" border strips (please adjust this length if required) (4) 3" square cornerstones  Block Assembly For each star block you will need the following:  (1) 3-1/4" cream square (4) 1-1/2" cream squares (4) 1-7/8" coloured squares (either pink or red) (1) 2-1/2" coloured square (either pink or red) For each star block you will need 4 flying geese units. Please follow my diagrams below for assembly - this is the no waste method!  1. You need (1) 3-1/4" cream square and (4) 1-7/8" coloured squares to make 4 flying geese units. 2. Sew 2 coloured squares to the white square. Draw a line diagonally through the centre. Sew 1/4" from the drawn line on each side.  3. Cut on the centre drawn line.  4. Press the coloured squares flat. Lay another 1-7/8" coloured square on top and draw a line through the middle and sew 1/4" either side as before. Repeat step with other unit.  5. Cut through the centre on the drawn line. Repeat step with other unit.  6. Press seams flat - you have made (4) flying geese units! Once you have made your (4) flying geese units assemble your block as follows.  Square up your star block to finish at 4-1/2" square. Make 6 star blocks total.  Quilt Assembly Assemble your quilt top following the diagrams below.  1. Sew the short sashing strips to the star blocks alternating between sashing and block to make a unit of 3 star blocks. Make two units. Sew the longer sashing strip inbetween the two units.  2. Measure your quilt top and adjust the border cutting measurements above if required. Sew the shorter border pieces to the top and bottom of the quilt top. Sew the cornerstones to the ends of the longer border pieces. Sew longer border units to sides of quilt top.  Finishing 1. Press your quilt top.  2. Cut a backing fabric and batting 2" larger all around, than your quilt top.  3. Make a quilt sandwich with your backing facing down, your batting and quilt top facing upwards. Quilt layers together following your preferred method. I hand-quilted my quilt using Aurifil 28wt in Light Beige and used a Tulip Hiroshima, Quilting needle size 8.  3. Cut (2) 2-1/2" x WOF strips for your binding. Join strips together to form one continuous strip. Sew to quilt top following our favourite method. Size: mini quilt measures approximately 19" x 14" Fabrics used:  Various fabrics for star blocks and borders etc all available from Sew and Quilt.  Sashing fabric, border fabric, binding fabric.  Now don't say I don't treat ya' ;-) happy sewing friends, it's so lovely to have you back again. Until my next post, feel free to follow me on Instagram @messyjesse1 and tag me with your #petitechristmasstarsquilt progress and finished articles! I'd love to see them. Comment below if you enjoyed this post and fancy making one! I promise not to leave it so long next time! ~ Jessie

A Durkota The Imperial Russian Air Service Famous Pilots and Aircraft of WWI. Hardcover. 4to. Published by Flying Machines Press, Mountain View CA, 1995 . 545 pgs. Maps. Illustrated with Color Plates / Black and White Plates. DJ has light shelf-wear present to the DJ extremities. Bound in red paper covered boards with titles present to the spine. Boards have light shelf-wear present to the extremities. No ownership marks present. Text is clean and free of marks. Binding tight and solid. Simply stated, one of the greatest aviation references published. Not only have the authors amassed an amazing amount of material, they've managed to present it in an entertaining and entirely readable manner. In addition to hundreds of fantastic photos there are maps, illustrations, color profiles of the aircraft, and even several remarkable paintings. Hardcover. 4to. Published by Flying Machines Press, Mountain View CA, 1995 . 545 pgs. Maps. Illustrated with Color Plates / Black and White Plates. DJ has light shelf-wear present to the DJ extremities. Bound in red paper covered boards with titles present to the spine. Boards have light shelf-wear present to the extremities. No ownership marks present. Text is clean and free of marks. Binding tight and solid. Simply stated, one of the greatest aviation references published. Not only have the authors amassed an amazing amount of material, they've managed to present it in an entertaining and entirely readable manner. In addition to hundreds of fantastic photos there are maps, illustrations, color profiles of the aircraft, and even several remarkable paintings. The only thing this book leaves you wanting is similar treatment for the other warring nations of the era. If you have an interest in WWI aviation, beg, borrow or steal a copy of this now out of print book - it's a must have for any enthusiast's collection. Line iIlustrations in standard scales (1/48 and 1/72) make this a must purchase for modelers as well. A Durkota The Imperial Russian Air Service Famous Pilots and Aircraft of WWI A Durkota The Imperial Russian Air Service Famous Pilots and Aircraft of WWI Click images to enlarge Description Up For Sale Today is The Imperial Russian Air Service Famous Pilots and Aircraft of World War I by Alan Durkota Thomas Darcey Victor Kulikov Hardcover. 4to. Published by Flying Machines Press, Mountain View CA, 1995 . 545 pgs. Maps. Illustrated with Color Plates / Black and White Plates.  DJ has light shelf-wear present to the DJ extremities. Bound in red paper covered boards with titles present to the spine. Boards have light shelf-wear present to the extremities. No ownership marks present.  Text is clean and free of marks. Binding tight and solid. Simply stated, one of the greatest aviation references published. Not only have the authors amassed an amazing amount of material, they've managed to present it in an entertaining and entirely readable manner. In addition to hundreds of fantastic photos there are maps, illustrations, color profiles of the aircraft, and even several remarkable paintings. The only thing this book leaves you wanting is similar treatment for the other warring nations of the era. If you have an interest in WWI aviation, beg, borrow or steal a copy of this now out of print book - it's a must have for any enthusiast's collection. Line iIlustrations in standard scales (1/48 and 1/72) make this a must purchase for modelers as well. OUR MISSION STATEMENT:  Our goal is to provide the best books for the lowest prices. We understand that you have more choices than ever to buy books, so we strive to provide the best service,  accurate descriptions, the cheapest shipping and the best customer service in the realm of bookselling. Thank you for visiting this listing and we hope to see you again soon!   Book formats and corresponding sizes   Name Abbreviations Leaves Pages Approximate cover size (width × height)   inches cm   folio 2º or fo 2 4 12 × 19 30.5 × 48   quarto 4º or 4to 4 8 9½ × 12 24 × 30.5   octavo 8º or 8vo 8 16 6 × 9 15 × 23   duodecimo  or twelvemo 12º or 12mo 12 24 5 × 7⅜ 12.5 × 19   sextodecimo or sixteenmo 16º or 16mo 16 32 4 × 6¾ 10 × 17   octodecimo or eighteenmo 18º or 18mo 18 36 4 × 6½ 10 × 16.5   trigesimo-secundo or thirty-twomo 32º or 32mo 32 64 3½ × 5½ 9 × 14   quadragesimo-octavo or forty-eightmo 48º or 48mo 48 96 2½ × 4 6.5 × 10   sexagesimo-quarto or sixty-fourmo 64º or 64mo 64 128 2 × 3 5 × 7.5     ALL ITEMS ARE DESCRIBED TO THE BEST OF MY ABILITY!  PLEASE CHECK ALL THE PHOTOS BEFORE BIDDING! PAYMENT IS DUE WITHIN FOUR (4) DAYS OF THE INVOICE!  Import duties, taxes and charges are not included in the item price. These charges are the buyer's responsibility. Please check with your country's customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding/buying. These charges are typically collected by the delivering freight (shipping) company or when you pick the item up. We do not mark merchandise values below value or mark items as "gifts" as  US and International government regulations prohibit such behavior. (This is a felony in the United States) Images sell! Get Supersized Images & Free Image Hosting Create your brand with Auctiva's Customizable Templates. Attention Sellers - Get Templates Image Hosting, Scheduling at Auctiva.com. Track Page Views With Auctiva's Counter Condition: Hardcover. 4to. Published by Flying Machines Press, Mountain View CA, 1995 . 545 pgs. Maps. Illustrated with Color Plates / Black and White Plates. DJ has light shelf-wear present to the DJ extremities. Bound in red paper covered boards with titles present to the spine. Boards have light shelf-wear present to the extremities. No ownership marks present. Text is clean and free of marks. Binding tight and solid. Simply stated, one of the greatest aviation references published. Not only have the authors amassed an amazing amount of material, they've managed to present it in an entertaining and entirely readable manner. In addition to hundreds of fantastic photos there are maps, illustrations, color profiles of the aircraft, and even several remarkable paintings. The only thing this book leaves you wanting is similar treatment for the other warring nations of the era. If you have an interest in WWI aviation, beg, borrow or steal a copy of this now out of print book - it's a must have for Author: Alan Durkota, Thomas Darcey, Victor Kulikov Binding: Hardcover Character Family: The Imperial Russian Air Service Country/Region of Manufacture: United States Language: English Original/Facsimile: Original Personalized: No Place of Publication: Mountain View, CA Publisher: Flying Machines Press Region: North America Signed: No Special Attributes: 1st Edition, Dust Jacket, Illustrated, The Imperial Russian Air Service, Famous Pilots and Aircraft of World War I, World War I Subject: Military & War Topic: World War I Unit Quantity: 1 Year Printed: 1995 See More

📚 Embark on a thrilling journey into the world of phonics with our Words with R-Controlled Vowels ar & or Phonics Slides | PowerPoint 22, your ultimate resource for mastering the nuances of ar and or sounds in phonics! Crafted to seamlessly align with the second-week lessons from Foundational Phonics Unit 8, these dynamic PowerPoint slides are your ticket to phonics success. 🌟 What Awaits You? 🌟 🔤 R-Controlled Vowels: Dive into words featuring the r-controlled vowels ar and or, building a solid foundation for advanced phonics skills. 📖 Title Abbreviations: Explore commonly used title abbreviations like Mr., Mrs., Ms., and Dr., empowering your students with essential language knowledge. 🎨 Engaging Visuals: Immerse your learners in a world of vibrant and captivating visuals and artwork, fostering excitement and engagement in every slide. 🌈 Multisyllabic Mastery: Conquer multisyllabic words effortlessly with slides color-coded to identify syllables, making complex words accessible and enjoyable. 🔀 Customizable: While the slides themselves are not editable, they offer the flexibility to be rearranged or deleted to tailor your teaching experience. 👩‍🏫 Perfect for Beginners: Tailored for students just beginning to explore two-syllable words, these slides offer a sturdy steppingstone for their reading journey. 📸 Stunning Imagery: Enrich your lessons with stunning imagery and art that ignites your students' imagination and elevates their learning experience. 🚀 Drive Phonics Excellence: Equip your students with the phonics skills they need to excel in reading, setting them on a path to lifelong literacy success. 📆 Flexible Learning: Seamlessly integrate these slides into your curriculum and adapt them to your teaching style; they're designed for ease and convenience. 📌 Effortless Teaching: No need for extensive preparations. Open the PowerPoint and start teaching, simplifying your instructional process. Foundational Phonics Level 8 Lessons: 6. R-Controlled Vowels 3: Introduction to ar & or 7. R-Controlled Vowels 4: Practice with ar & or 8. Title Abbreviations: Mr. Mrs. Ms. & Dr. 9. Fluency Practice: Reader's Theater 10. Week 2 Checkup: Summative Assessment 🌟 Elevate your phonics lessons with Words with R-Controlled Vowels ar & or Phonics Slides | PowerPoint 22. Watch your students thrive as they conquer the intricacies of language one engaging slide at a time. Start today and ignite a passion for reading and literacy that will last a lifetime! Common Core State Standards: CCSSRF.1.3 Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words. CCSSRF.1.3b Decode regularly spelled one-syllable words. CCSSRF.1.3e Decode two-syllable words following basic patterns by breaking the words into syllables. File Type: PPTX 42 Slides Terms of Use: All products are for single buyer use only. Please direct your friends and colleagues back to my store to download or purchase their own copies. Questions? Email me at: [email protected] Thanks so much, Paula Plumer

Description Summary 1936 all-steel Ford pickup truck. A one-of-a-kind Resto-Mod designed for comfort, safety and performance, using the best names in the industry. Ford 347 with 400+hp. Tremec TKO 5-speed, air conditioning, power steering, power windows, seat and door locks. Details Custom-built, all-steel Resto-Mod designed for comfort, safety and performance. The firewall has been double-plated with aluminum and the floorboard with stainless steel, with insulation in between. All the interior has aircraft-type fire-resistant insulation, making it much cooler, as well as quieter. Also installed Vintage Air Gen-II for cold air and warm heat. Power steering, windows, seat and locks, with remote for windows and locks. Flaming River polished stainless-steel tilt steering column, with Billet Specialties leather-wrapped Banjo steering wheel. Sitting in the custom steel center console is the Pioneer CD stereo, Bluetooth, six speakers, amp sound system, and with 12-volt power plug and lighter. Storage is available in glove box as well as the center console. Gauge package is the all-new design by Dakota Digital; VHX is an awesome self-contained unit that includes all your gauges, turn signals and high/low beam. It fits beautifully in the original Ford oval gauge opening. Also features cruise control. Comfortable ride and handling comes from steel-belted radials, Heidts tubular A-arms with double adjustable coilover shocks up front. In the rear is Chassis Engineering 4-link suspension with double adjustable coilover shocks from Strange Engineering. Serious stopping power comes from Wilwood Dyna-Lite Pro series disc brakes pushed by Hydratech Braking Systems - a high-performance hydraulic brake assist booster - far more stopping power than achieved from vacuum boosters. Parking and emergency brake power comes from E-STOPP, a SEMA and NSRA 2012 Product of the Year award winner. It doubles as an anti-theft device, as it locks down by hidden switch. Two kill switches are also hidden for safety, as well as to help battery draw-down during storage. Three-point seatbelts hold you firmly in place. Stainless steel 20-plus-gallon fuel tank means you can travel a good distance between gas stations. Performance comes from a professionally built 347 Ford small block with 400+hp, cooled by an aluminum Griffin radiator. March billet aluminum pulley system, Edelbrock aluminum intake and heads, breathing through Patriot ceramic-coated headers. Electronic Fuel Injection with MSD electronic box and coil. Ford 9' rear end, Tremec TKO 5-speed. An overdrive gear of .64 and the 31.5' Goodyear Eagle tires mean quite low rpm cruising. Exterior paint is Dupont Pure Black. The original grille was removed and chrome-plated. Headwinds front lights are cut from a solid piece of billet aluminum and chrome-plated; taillights are Prowler. Wheels are Billet Specialties. Summary 1936 all-steel Ford pickup truck. A one-of-a-kind Resto-Mod designed for comfort, safety and performance, using the best names in the industry. Ford 347 with 400+hp. Tremec TKO 5-speed, air conditioning, power steering, power windows, seat and door locks. Details Custom-built, all-steel Resto-Mod designed for comfort, safety and performance. The firewall has been double-plated with aluminum and the floorboard with stainless steel, with insulation in between. All the interior has aircraft-type fire-resistant insulation, making it much cooler, as well as quieter. Also installed Vintage Air Gen-II for cold air and warm heat. Power steering, windows, seat and locks, with remote for windows and locks. Flaming River polished stainless-steel tilt steering column, with Billet Specialties leather-wrapped Banjo steering wheel. Sitting in the custom steel center console is the Pioneer CD stereo, Bluetooth, six speakers, amp sound system, and with 12-volt power plug and lighter. Storage is available in glove box as well as the center console. Gauge package is the all-new design by Dakota Digital; VHX is an awesome self-contained unit that includes all your gauges, turn signals and high/low beam. It fits beautifully in the original Ford oval gauge opening. Also features cruise control. Comfortable ride and handling comes from steel-belted radials, Heidts tubular A-arms with double adjustable coilover shocks up front. In the rear is Chassis Engineering 4-link suspension with double adjustable coilover shocks from Strange Engineering. Serious stopping power comes from Wilwood Dyna-Lite Pro series disc brakes pushed by Hydratech Braking Systems - a high-performance hydraulic brake assist booster - far more stopping power than achieved from vacuum boosters. Parking and emergency brake power comes from E-STOPP, a SEMA and NSRA 2012 Product of the Year award winner. It doubles as an anti-theft device, as it locks down by hidden switch. Two kill switches are also hidden for safety, as well as to help battery draw-down during storage. Three-point seatbelts hold you firmly in place. Stainless steel 20-plus-gallon fuel tank means you can travel a good distance between gas stations. Performance comes from a professionally built 347 Ford small block with 400+hp, cooled by an aluminum Griffin radiator. March billet aluminum pulley system, Edelbrock aluminum intake and heads, breathing through Patriot ceramic-coated headers. Electronic Fuel Injection with MSD electronic box and coil. Ford 9' rear end, Tremec TKO 5-speed. An overdrive gear of .64 and the 31.5' Goodyear Eagle tires mean quite low rpm cruising. Exterior paint is Dupont Pure Black. The original grille was removed and chrome-plated. Headwinds front lights are cut from a solid piece of billet aluminum and chrome-plated; taillights are Prowler. Wheels are Billet Specialties.

Description Aug. 21, 1962 w. w. SMITH 3,050,099 METHOD AND APPARATUS. FOR STRAIGHTENING AUTOMOBILE FRAMES Filed Dec. 30, 1957 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 FIG. 4 lL/JI llIIl/Ill INVENTOR. WOODROW W .SM1TH AGENT W. W. SMITH Aug. 21, 1962 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR STRAIGHTENING AUTOMOBILE FRAMES 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 30, 1957 INVENTOR. WOODROW W SM/TH 2 A fi bw 9,. AGENT Aug. 21, 1962 W. W. SMITH METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR STRAIGHTENING AUTOMOBILE FRAMES Filed Dec. 30, 1957 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR. WOODROW 14 SM/TH AGENT W. W. SMITH "Aug. 21, 1962 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR STRAIGHTENING AUTOMOBILE FRAMES 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Dec. WOODROW W SM/TH Aug. 21, 1962 w. w. SMITH 3,050,099 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR STRAIGHTENING AUTOMOBILE FRAMES Filed Dec. 30, 1957 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR. WOOD/POW W SM/ TH AGENT United States Patent This invention relates generally to methods and apparatus for straightening damaged automobile frames and more specifically to a method of straightening automobile frames which is suitable for use in small garages and which is within the economy of the small proprietor. A primary object of this invention is to provide a method of straightening automobile frames which can be accomplished by one operator in a much shorter period of time than presently possible by conventional methods. Another object of this invention is to provide an apparatus which will enable a single operator to accomplish formerly diificult frame straightening operations using portable equipment and hand tools exclusively. And another object is to provide a method of straightening diamond, side sway, sagged, buckled, and/or twisted frames which will enable the operator to apply the straightening force to the auto where it sits without having to dismantle or perform any preparation operation to allow the automobile to be moved to and placed on conventional heavy duty frame straightening machines. An additional object is to provide an improved frame straightening machine which may be readily moved about a shop by one man to the spot where an auto is parked, and may be readily transported to remote locations where at the above mentioned difiicult frame straightening operations may be performed right at the spot Where the accident occurred. A still further object is to provide a method of straightening auto frames which includes a step by which the operator knows automatically when to apply heat in order to best utilize the method of this invention to accomplish the desired straightening results. Another object of this invention is to provide an improved portable automobile frame straightening machine which will be capable of applying an extremely large force to a distorted frame without damage to the machine. Another object is to provide an unique stop arrangement to provide a back up piece for the force applicator unit and in which said stop arrangement may be inserted or removed without the use of any hand tools. And a further object is to provide a force applicator unit which is doubly reinforced at ordinarily weak points to avoid failure due to overload stress. An additional object is to provide a compact, easy-tohandle frame machine which is capable of applying a straightening force to the main frame of an automobile while the automobile is parked directly on the ground (rather than in a frame machine) and applying this force from any direction Within a full 360 degrees of horizontal rotation. And another object is to provide a frame machine which comprises a single longitudinal beam and a longitudinally adjustable tension applying unit wherewith a tension force may be applied to frame in the proper direction to return the frame to its original shape; in many cases this will be the same direction that the distortion producing compression force was applied to the frame so that upon appliand upon the proper application of heat to the affected part, the frame will automatically revert to its original undistorted shape. And still another object is to provide a saddle unit which is adapted to slide longitudinally along the main beam of the machine of this invention so that the force cation of the tension force in the direction of the beam "ice applicator unit which includes the saddle may be positioned selectively along the 'beams length. And yet another object is to provide a frame straightening apparatus which is resiliently supported above the floor and in which the force is so transmitted therethrough that when all the slack has been taken out of the apparatus and the actual straightening force has begun to be ap. plied, the resiliency of the supports will be overcome and the apparatus will rigidly engage the floor. And another object is to provide a method of frame straightening and to provide an apparatus for carrying out this method in which certain damages to automobile frames may be corrected by applying a straight "line tensile force in a generally horizontal direction between two points only on the damaged frame; which certain damages have heretofore required either more than two points to be employed or one or more holding points to be used in order to accomplish the same result. The field of straightening damaged automotive frames has been quite an exact and extensive art in which numerous patents have been granted and in which several manufacturers are supplying machines to permit operators to practice this art on a commercial basis. Probably the best known machines are the popular heavy duty large scale models which many frame shops purchase and permanently install on their premises. The overall operation of straightening damaged frames with these machines once they are permanently and rigidly installed in the shop is basically to first send a wrecker out to pick up the damaged auto at the spot where the accident occurred, to tow the damaged auto back to the frame shop and then to set it on the frame machine, or if the frame machine contains another auto, to set it down elsewhere in the shop or in the yard adjacent to the shop. However, since these large standard frame machines are initially expensive, there are many garages in small communities, and small garages in all communities, that do not possess a standard frame machine so that it is sometimes necessary to tow a damaged auto through several small towns before a shop having a frame machine is located, whereas, a small economical portable frame machine might be purchased and used in a small shop or even in the yard adjacent the shop to permit the damaged auto to be carried to the nearest garage for its frame straightening operation. It is'therefore among the objects of this invention to provide a rugged and durable and yet extremely economical frame straightening machine which can be employed in the unique method of this invention to accomplish diflicult frame straightening operations in a very short time and with less initial equipment investment than is possible by conventional methods or apparatus. This application is a continuation in part of my copending application, Serial No. 644,614, filed March 7, 1957, entitled, Frame Straightening Machine, and the disclosure of the copending application is incorporated herein by reference. These and other objects will be apparent from an examination of the following specifications and drawing in which: FIG. 1 represents a side elevational view of the frame straightening machine of this invention. FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the device of FIG. 1 showing its use in connection with a bent automobile frame. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the lines 3-3 of FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the lines 4-4 of FIG. 2. FIG. 5 is a fragmentary detail plan view of the force applicator unit in one mode of operation. FIG. 6 is a fragmentary elevational view of the attachment eye-piece shown in FIG. 5. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the lines 77 of FIG. 2. FIG. 8 is an end elevational view of the device shown in FIG. 1. i a FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic plan view of a distorted automotive frame showing the direction of straightening force which is applied by the machine of this invention to restore the frame to its original shape. FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic plan view similar to FIG. 9 but showing a different direction of force as will be required on frames having a difierent type of distortion. FIGURE 11 is a front elevational view of the rigid support used to support the damaged frame members in certain aspects of this invention. FIG. 12 is a side elevational view in diagrammatic form to show one use of the support of FIG. 11 when used with the frame of FIG. 13. FIGURE 13 is a plan view of one modern automobile frame which has been, damaged and has a distortion known in the trade as a center sway type. FIGURE 14 is a plan view of a frame somewhat different fi-om FIG. 13 which has been damaged in a dia mond manner. FIGURE 15 is a front elevational view of an adapter used on certainstraightening operations when the auto frame doesnot have a structure in its center. FIGURE 16 is a side elevational view partly in diagrammatic outline showing the use of this frame-machine on certain normally considered body operations. FIGURE 17 is a side elevational detail view of a modified dead-end post for use when this frame machine is applying either a push or pull force to the body or the frame of an automobile. FIGURE 18 is a sectional view taken along the lines 18.18 of FIGURE 17. 7 FIGURE 19 is a side elevational view in diagrammatic outline showing the method of removing a particular damage which is a combination of a side and buckled type damage. 7 FIGURE 20 is a top plan view of a detail of a side damaged area on an auto frame, similar to that shown in FIG. 19. FIGURE 21 is a side elevational view showing a modified telescoping embodiment of this invention. FIGURE 22 is a top plan view of a modified arrangement of the apparatus of this invention and showing a modified method of using this apparatus. FIGURE 23 is a side elevational view of a modified holding means for the force applicators used on this device. 1 ' FIGURE 24 is a cross sectional view taken along the lines 24-24 of FIG. 23. 4". or hydraulic jack 35 until such time that the force on the flexible fastening means or chain 39 has reached an intensity suflicient to remove all of the slack from the chain; just at the time that the force delivered by jack 35 begins to apply a direct tensile load on the frame F, a downward or torque component of this force will depress the longitudinal beam and consequently the resilient springs 17 and cause the bottom 19 (or 19') or the beam 3 to engage the ground or floor G; at this point the operator knows that any additional pressure he may supply by the hand power unit to the jack 35 will result in the application of or an increase in the tensile force on frame F, and therefore this is the proper time to apply heat to the damaged point B on the distorted side or the side with the greatest distortion only. The purpose for this procedure is to apply sufiicient heat to cause a reduction in the molecular attraction between the metal molecules in the direction of the damage but to apply no heat to the undistorted area. By heating in this manner, the molecular attraction is different even in a single area so that upon application of a force in the proper direction their proper position and'the metal molecules on the. other side will hold their correct position and will serve as a pattern to prevent any excessive movement after the correct position has been attained. This same procedure is of course effective for damage in a ventical direction, such as buckling or sag by applying heat to the top or bottom sides only; the next step is then to operate the hand unit 50 a stroke or two at a time to gradually increase the force until movement of frame F back to -its original shape has begun and then to maintain this force while the actual movement of the frame is taking place. The support 75 is thus seen as functioning to guide the frame F and prevent its sagging under the momentary weakening due to the application of heat, and its function does not correspond to a rigid holding point on the frame F. After the operation has been performed in the manner described; it is often possible to unhook the portable frame machine 2, and roll it out from under the auto and then drive 7 the automobile out of the shop. This method of employ- FIGURE 25 is a side elevational view of another embodiment of the device of FIG. 22. a a 7 'FIGURE 26 is 'a side elevational view showing anothertype of pull which may be made with this apparatus. The frame machine (2 of FIG. 1) of this invention consists basically of a single longitudinal beam 3, which is resiliently mounted on caster wheel units 4, and which includes a rigid frame engaging post 5 'or deadend and includes at a spaced distance therefrom a force applyingsystem comprising a force applicator post assembly 6 which supports the force applicator 36 me selectively adjustable vertical location and a flexible force transmission means or chain 39 connected to the damaged frame. g The method of this invention consists basically, of thefirst step of rolling and guiding the complete light weight easy to handle machine 2 into the desired position under; a parked'a'uto and making-the necessary but very simple hook-ups one example of which is seen in FIG. 9} some occasions of placing a rigid support 70under the principal point-of damage B, and operating the power unit 50 to supply pressurizedfluid to the force applicator ing one portion of a single beam as a non-ductile pattern while another damaged section of the same beam is straightened by the application of heat and a tensile force in the precise direction to permit the damaged area to follow the pattern as established by the undamaged area is possible due to the molecular arrangement of the material and even in part to the atomic construction of metal molecules. As one example, the carbon atom which is tetrahedral in shape is found in steel and most metals employed in automotive frames. positive nucleus at the center which is relatively close to the negative electrons on the tetrahedral orbital, so that there is an electrical attraction which thus forms a part of thetotal force which holds the matter together and is generally termed cohesion. When heat is applied to one localized area of a metal frame section the heat will be converted into kinetic energy within the metal to cause the motion of the atoms therein to increase and thus move the electrons of successive atoms to a greater distance from the positive nucleus which attracts them and this electrical bonding as well as the total cohesive force will be decreased in strength at the area affected, but will still remain strong at the unheated area, and the area in between be progressively afiected depending on its distance from the heated area. When'a tensile force is applied to this area in the proper direction, the weaker between 'two spaced points on the auto frame F; and on time, and equally important this direction can be changed: simultaneously with the application of this force and in These atoms have a many cases automatically without the knowledge or control of the operator. Many steels used in automotive frame construction actually show an increase in tensile strength upon the application of heat up to approximately 750 F. but thereafter lose their tensile strength and become more ductile and workable. Thus it will be seen that when heat is applied to the damaged area on one side of an auto frame only, that side may be heated by radiation or direct flame up to i500 F. or greater and the other side may be heated by conduction to approximately 750 F. so that the effect will be that the damaged side may be easily stretched back into its original shape whereas the undamaged side will have a greater tensile resistance than it had originally so that it will not stretch under the normally required straightening force and will thus serve as an effective guide or pattern to facilitate proper correction of the damage. It will be observed that the basic method of this inven tion, may be improved upon by utilizing certain additional features once these features are pointed out. It has already been pointed out that a downward force component will cause the beam 3 to move into rigid contact with the floor or ground to provide both an improved working machine and an important safety feature. It will now be recognized that the application of the proper amount of heat at the proper location and at the proper time will cause the distorted frame member to return to its former position of its own accord without the use of any hold-backs or tie down points, provided the proper tensile force is applied in the proper direction simultaneously with the application of the heat. This method is particularly advantageous in correcting a diamond distortion to an automobile frame, and the method is particularly convenient for this type of damage which often places the automobile frame in such a distorted condition that it cannot be placed on a permanently installed frame machine, whereas the instant invention has immediate access to any part of a damaged frame up to 360 degrees of horizontal movement without ever moving the automobile. The use of the vertical post 26 and the vertically adjustable force applicator support 28 will permit the direction of force of the force applicator 36 to be angled slightly up or down as the need may be to return the damaged frame F to its normal position, and in most applications, there will be a resulting component to force beam 3 against the floor. In other instances it may be desirable for the front end of the frame machine 2 to be automatically raised off the floor when a straightening force is applied to a frame, because it is often advantageous to have the weight of the frame machine acting on the auto frame simultaneously with the straightening force to pull out a buckled or similar type distortion. Referring now more particularly to the characters of reference on the drawing, it will be observed that the portable frame straightening machine of this invention indicated generally at 2, consists basically of a single longitudinal member 3, shown here as a box beam which is supported at each end by anti-friction means comprising caster assemblies 4, an anchor post 5, a longitudinally sliding force unit 6, and longitudinally sliding chain clamps 7. The longitudinal member 3 is longer in total length than the automobile frame on which it is to be used so that the machine 2 may straighten frames in the longest direction as shown in FIG. 9. The member 3 includes a series of corner notches 8 in the upper corners of its cross section (FIG. 3) which are dimensioned to receive the depending ears 9 of a U-shaped stop 10 to lock the stop and any adjacent equipment at a desired location along the length of the beam. At its rear top surface, member 3 includes a longitudinally extending slot 11 which opens to the end of member 3 for a purpose hereinafter described. Near each end of member 3 a transverse plate 12 is welded in a transverse direction of and extending laterally beyond the member 3 to provide a support base for the caster assembly 4. Plate 12 includes a vertical hole 13 near each end, and a short length sleeve 14 is rigidly attached to the plate at a concentric position relative to the hole and thus provide a bearing for caster rod 15. This construction will permit a relatively thin material plate 12 to be used since the plate itself will not have to provide bearing support for the vertical rod 15 to which caster unit 16 is attached. A spring 17 surrounds the rod '15 and abuts against the underside of plate 12 at its top end and against the top flat plate 18 of caster unit 16. By this arrangement, the casters 16 normally engage the ground in rolling contact at a point below the bottom edge of member 3, but when an extra downward load is added to member 3 such as the downward component of any frame straightening force being applied by unit 6, the plate 12 compresses spring 17 and member 3 travels downward until its base 19 or bases B of clamps '7 or unit 6 firmly engage the ground. This action immediately transforms machine 2 from a mobile into a stationary machine as far as its ability to do work is concerned. The rear vertical post 5 is adapted to engage a stationary frame member F and thereby give the machine 2 a dead-end anchor against which the force unit 6 may push. Post 5 may be readily removed or inserted while member 3 is under a vehicle by simply tilting it forward toward the open end of its retaining slot 11 and sliding it out in a generally longitudinal direction. When the upper end of post 5 is engaging member F the lower end is engaging a crosspiece 20 which extends across the inside dimension of member 3 to act as a brace or stop for the lower end of the post 5. The force unit 6 includes a saddle unit 21 having a horizontal housing 22 with a rectangular cavity 23 open at both ends to slidably engage the member 3 in surrounding relation therewith to permit rapid adjustment of force unit 6 lengthwise on member '3. Saddle unit 21 also includes a rectangular cavity 24 within a vertical housing 25 and extending to and opening at the top of housing 25 to receive the lower end of vertical cantilever type post 26. Housing 22 of saddle unit 21 includes a large semi-circular cut-out 27 which opens to the bottom side and leaves a pair of spaced bottom bases 19" at each end. A housing 2 8 is slideably engaged to post 26 and is suspended in the. desired vertical location by a chain 29 of a sufficient length to permit one link to engage a notch 30 at the top of post 26 for any position of vertical travel of housing 28 up and down post 26. The housing 28 therefore includes a rectangular vertically extending cavity '31 which corresponds to the crosssection of post 26, and also includes a second circular and horizontally extending cavity 32 having a longitudinal slot '33 extending the full length of the horizontal member 34 of housing 23 and both cavity 32 and slot 33 are open at the outer end of member 34. Cavity 32 is of a sufficient size to receive the cylinder section of a force applicator of power jack 36 and in operation the base of the cylinder 35 firmly abuts the vertical portion of housing 28 and applies a force simultaneously against both housing 28 and post 26; this force being transmitted or resisted through saddle unit 21 and member 3 to the rear vertical post 5. The piston 37 of jack 36 includes a V-head 38 which will engage a flexible force transmitting member such as a single link of the pull chain 39 when the latter in anchored to a member to be pulled such as the forward end of the frame F. The chain 59 may include one or more hooks 40- to permit it to tie into the frame F as shown in FIG. 2 or to engage a special bracket 41 which is welded onto the frame F at the desired location to apply the pulling force in the proper direction. The bracket 41 is actually made up of a flat base 42 to which is welded a U-shaped eyelet 43 which provide the opening for hooks 40 to pass through to engage eyelet 43. The base 42 is shown as rectangular p 7 plate in the embodiment of FIGS. and 6 but in other embodiments it is shaped in other geometrical patterns such as trapezoidal, triangular, L-shaped and as a solid wedge-shaped piece to fit specific requirements for mounting onto various frames so that when the base 42 is welded as at 44to frame F, the chain 39 may be engaged into eyelet 43 in the proper direction to apply a frame restoring pulling force P that is required. FIGURES 9 and 10 show two typical examples of the method of use of this simple frame straightening'machine 2. In FIG. 9, the frame F includes two bad bends which were put into the frame by a force in a diagonal or semidiagonal direction. In order to remove the bends B, a restoring pulling force must be applied in the direction of the dotted diagonal'line P and heat must beapplied to both bends B and possibly to the distorted corners of the frame F. To apply the force P in the direction shown, the frame machine 2 will need to be placed under the frame F with the post 5 near the corner C and the force unit '6 engaging the opposite corner C. The distorted frame F of FIG. 10 was probably damaged by a straight ahead force which caused corners C2 and C2 to be distorted and placed a bend B2 in the side. To restore this frame, machine 2 is placed lengthwise with the frame and post 5 will engage the frame at about point D and force unit 6 will engage the frame at point B. Upon the application of hand movement to the lever of hydraulic pump unit 56, the jack. 36 is energized through line 51 and piston head 38 applies a steady force through chain 39 to the frame F at point B and heat is simultaneously applied to bend B2 and possibly to one or both of the corners C2 and C2. until the frame F is restored to its original shape shown in phantom at F. The presence of hand jack 55 applying an upward force on the frame of FIG. 1 at the same time chains 56 are holding down on the frame will permit the frame to be straightened in a vertical direction at the same time it e is receiving its horizontal straightening; as pointed out in FIGS. 9 and 10. The chains 56 engage notches 57 of chain clamps 7 to hold the frame F and the beam 3 of machine 2 in a rigid engaged relationship whenever an upward force is exerted by jack 55. The clamps 7 as may be seen in FIG. 7 include a horizontal cavity'58 within the horizontal rectangular housing 59 and this With reference to FIGURES 12 and 13, a late model automobile frame F is seen to be constructed in a gener-al X-shape and this frame has been damaged in a manner specifically identified in the frame trade as a center sway. In order to correct this damage the frame ma chine 2 is placed under adjacent longitudinal corners and in a general longitudinal direction relative to the center line of the frame F; a rigid support 70* is then placed under the bent center section 71 of the frame F andia tensile force in the direction of the machine 2 is then applied to the frame between points 72 and 73. No other hold-back or force or tie down is required .at any point on the frame in order to accomplish a rapid and satis- 8 its equivalent 19') will move into rigid contact with the floor or the front end of the beam 3 which includes post assembly 6 will be raised off the floor. In either event the operator knows the timeis correct for heat to be applied to the frame. When heat is properly applied to the damaged area and then further force is put on applicator 36 by means of hand pump 50, the frame F is then free to move in either direction as required for it to return to its original position. In many cases, due to the floor friction, the beam 3 will remain in place and the entire movement will take place at the front end 73 of the frame. In some cases where the wheels remain in roll-' ing contact with the floor and beam 3 is slightly above, the rear end of machine 2 and the frame end will move slightly as shown in phantom. However, in actual practice there will be a combination of movements in both directions as the culmination of forces dictate. In FIG. 14 a pull known as a diamond is shown to be particularly suited to be made by this machine 2 by placing the dead end post 5 against the frame F at one inside corner and attaching the applicator 2 to the opposite corner by the flexible chain 39, so that by the proper application of heat and force in a direction longitudinal with thebeam 3, the frame F may be made in return to its original shape as shown in phantom. The special adapter 76 as shown in FIG. 15 may be used if the auto frame does not have a center support and if the frame will be weakened in that area by the use of heat. This adapter consists of a box beam 77 which extends transversely across and under the auto side frame F and is attached thereto by an L-shaped rod 78 which extends down through the beam 77 and is threaded to receive a tightening nut 79. The underside 80 of the beam 77 is then available to receive a support such as 81 shownin FIGURE 15 which may use the top side of beam 3 as its base. 7 I In FIG. ,16 the use of frame machine 2 to straighten auto cowl or. similar body frames or sections U is shown to utilize a close coupled, combination of end post 5 and force post unit 6 and a rather high position of unit 28 on the post 29. V FIGURES 17 and 18 show the extremely simple method by which post 5' may be used to apply either a tensile or a compressive force. on a frame member F. This is accomplished by simply removing pin 85 and rotating post 5f. through 180 degrees so that its horizontal resistance base 86.pointsin the direction opposite the force being applied to the frame. In FIGURES 19 and 20 the method that heat is preferably applied to the auto frame F may be demonstrated. The position of the distorted frame and the original position of beam 3 are shown in solid outline whereas the final straightened position of frame F and the final position of applicator 36 are shown in phantom. By applying factory frame straightening job by the method of this invention. The presence of support is actually not required to support the frame except that the frame at- URES 12 and 13), the frame F will resist this force until usually one of two things happen; either the caster springs 17 collapse and the bottom 19 of the beam 3 (or heat only to the damaged areas DF of FIGURES 19 and 20, and applying tension as shown by the arrows T, the frames may be pulled back into their original shapes without stretching. When tension is first applied the end of the beam carrying the force unit 6 swings in the direction of the arrow X, then as the damaged frame straightens, the same end of the beam swings back towards the position in which it is shown. The specific damaged area ,DF may be heated up to a cherryred temperature without heating the undamaged or guiding side GP to a point that would weaken its strength. On other occasions it may be desirable to heat up an entire section or area either all at one time or one side DF or GF at atime. w t I The frame machine identified at 102 in FIGURE 21 is similar to the frame machine 2 of FIG. I in all respects except that the beam 103 is made in two or more telescoping sections 104 and 105 which are secured together attire desired length by bolts 106 which engage selected casting 121 will be permitted free movement along section 104 until very near the end whereat it will receive interference from bolts 106 when the latter are regular headed bolts, but will not receive interference when the bolts 106' are flat headed and countersunk (not shown) in the surface of section 104. The extreme end of section 105 is normally telescoped within the section 104 and includes a small wheel 109 which is journalled about a shaft 110 at the lower forward end of box section 105. This wheel 109 together with caster wheels 16 permits easy relative movement between the sections 104 and 105 for telescoping purposes even though the box beams which make up these sections are heavy duty structures. A small roller 111 is journalled near the top of beam section 104 at its open end to prevent binding during longitudinal telescoping movement of section 105 into sec tion 104. In FIGURE 22 the complete assembly 2 is identical to the assembly 2 of FIGURE 1 with the exception that assembly 2' include an additional force applicator post 6' and the two post assemblies 6 and 6' are cooperatively used to straighten a particular type of side or center sway damage as shown in the frame F of FIG- URE 22. In this arrangement the center applicator post assembly 6' abuts the near side of frame F at the point of damage and acts thereagainst in the same manner relative to applicator post assembly 6 as the dead-end post 5 abutting the far side of the frame acts relative to its post assembly 6'. A pair of chains 39 and 39" are then attached at spaced points along the frame on either side of the damaged area by their hooks 40 and 40'. It will be apparent that the uniform application of force to both sides of the frame F by the post assembly 6 and the dead-end post 5 will result if the two applicators 36 and 36' are attached by hose 51 and 51' t the same pump unit 50. In FIGURE 23 a simple U-shaped link 150 is pivoted at 151 to each side of the casting 221 so that the link 150 may ride in an up position past the series of stops 152 until the desired location is reached at which time link 150 is lowered in abutting relation to the stop 152 to resist any force in the one direction controlled by the stop. An interior cavity similar to 158 is cut out to permit a sliding passage of the casting 121 and of post 205 past the stops 152. The post may be pinned to the beam 203 by a pin. 206 for a stationary attachment thereon (FIGURE 24). In FIGURE 25, the primary assembly 2 of force applicator post assembly 6 and dead-end post includes an additional force unit 160 which comprises a sliding post 161 which is activated by a force applicator 162 from a stationary post 163. In this embodiment all of the beam tools are pinned to the beam 303 by means of pins 164 which selectively engage the holes 165 of the beam 303 while passing thru the tool unit pin holes 166. Posts 161 and 167 both encircle the beam 303 for a free sliding contact therewith. FIGURE 26 shows a pull being made by this machine which corresponds to that shown in FIGURE 19, with the exception that here a vertical force applicator 168 is installed exactly at the point of sag and the two applicators 168 and 36 are synchronized to apply a steady gradual force to both pull the frame longitudinally forward and lift the sag out simultaneously. From the foregoing description it will be readily seen that there has been produced a device which substantially fulfills the objects of the invention as set forth herein. The invention is not limited to the exemplary constructions herein shown and described, but may be made in many ways within the scope of the appended claims. What is claimed is: 1. A method for correcting a damaged auto frame comlongitudinal member with said frame in a selected location on said frame, causing the other end of said member to assume a first desired position, flexibly attaching the other end of said member to said frame at another location on said frame, said other end being outside the outline of said frame, applying a corrective tensile force to said frame at said other location through said other end of said member, said force being directed at an angle to the imaginary straight line connecting said two locations, applying heat to the damaged areas of said frame while continuing the application of said force, and thereby causing said tensile force to automatically change its direction by the movement of said other end, relative to said other location and to its first desired position, to a final desired position as said frame resumes its original normal shape under the influence of said heat and said continuously applied tensile force. 2. The method defined in claim 1, including the step of rigidly spacing said frame from said member at a point between said locations. 3. The method defined in claim 1, including the step of rigidly supporting said damaged frame at the damaged area. 4. In a device for straightening damaged automobile frames, in combination, a strain sustaining longitudinal beam of lowelevation having a portion of its length operatively positionable in any horizontal direction under an automobile of normal height, a force applying system compnising a strain sustaining member, a force applying means and flexible force transmitting means operatively interconnected, means securing said strain sustaining member to said beam adjacent one end thereof, said strain sustaining member comprising a cantilever portion extending transversely to said beam to a higher elevation than any part of said automobile frame, means on. said strain sustaining member to support said force applying means outside the outline of said automobile frame and above said beam for the application of a tension induced lateral bending force within the automobile frame by means of said flexible force transmitting means connecting said force applying system to said automobile frame at a first selected location, the point of operative connection of said flexible means to said strain sustaining member being adjustable along said cantilever portion of said strain sustaining member, force reaction means engaging said beam adjacent the end opposite said one end of said beam and consisting of a separate strain sustaining member which is readily operatively applicable to said beam after said beam is operatively positioned under an automobile frame, said reaction means engaging said frame at a second location whereby said beam is free to pivot about said second location as the direction of the applied force changes in straightening said frame, and anti-fniction means operative between said beam and the floor enabling said beam to pivot about said second location as the direction of the applied force changes due to the lateral bending of said frame during the stnaightening operation. References (Iited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,107,833 Parker Aug. 18, 1914 1,676,263 Hawkins July 10, 1928 1,785,923 Wade Dec. 23, 1930 2,008,929 Scherer July 23, 1935 2,100,564 Mandl Nov. 30, 1937 2,140,686 Bennett Dec. 20, 1938 2,286,893 Boisson June 16, 1942 2,442,425 Merrill June 1, 1948 2,456,218 Semisch Dec. 14, 1948 2,512,228 Fontaine June 20, 1950 2,563,527 Gingrich Aug. 7, 1951 2,597,103 Johnson May 20, 1952 2,597,234 Elam May 20, 1952 2,742,945 Jacobsen Apr. 24, 1956 2,750,983 Rogers June 19, 1956

Description C. F. STEIN May 2, 1950 KNOCKDOWN PIANO 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 5 Original Filed Dec. 21, 1946 INVENTOR. Charlesfi-ederz'c/b5m May 2, 1950 c. F. STEIN 2,505,805 KNOCKDOWN PIANO Original Filed Dec. 21, 1946 5 Sheebs-Sheet 2 IN VEN TOR. C. F. STEIN May 2, 1950 KNOCKDOWN PIANO 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Original Filed Dec. 21, 1946 mmvm. Garlkz rederz'a Siam Patented May 2, 1956 KNOCKDOWN PIANO Charles Frederick Stein, La Grange, Ill., assignor to Pratt, Read and Company, Inc., Ivoryton, Conn., a corporation of Connecticut Original application December 21, 1946, Serial No. 717,678. Divided and this application February 20, 1948, Serial No. 9,785 4 Claims. This invention relates in general to pianos and more particularly to a piano structure including a, plurality of pro-assemblies which lend themselves to high speed production methods and which are so constructed that manufacture, shipping and storage of a high quality piano is made easier. This application is a, division of my application Serial No. 717,678, filed December 21, 1946. In the prior art it has been the general practice to manufacture pianos on an individually customized basis. This has been due primarily to the nature of prior art piano construction and due to the difficulty of producing, in such construction, a piano of the desired quality and performance. Although various attempts have been made to speed up piano manufacture and to apply high speed production assembly line methods thereto, due to the requirement of hand fitting a great many parts of the piano, these methods have still resulted in pianos which are considerably different and in which the tone and performance vary depending upon the individuals who worked upon them. Another reason why high speed manufacturing methods have not been satisfactory for the manufacture of pianos is that in most commercial piano structures, the piano casing is used for assembling many of the parts of the piano into a complete structure. For this reason special care must be taken of the piano casing during manufacture, assembly and adjustment of the piano, to prevent damage thereto. Even when taking such precautions, it is necessary that the casing be refinished after manufacture of the piano has been completed. The practice of forming the piano case and operating structure into one complete unit has also complicated shipment and storage of pianos because of the great weight and bulk of the completed piano structure. Piano construction in which the operating structure and casing are made in one composite unit is subject to another defect, that is, that the piano operating mechanism has a relatively long life and the casing becomes out of style while the piano is still in good condition. As the casing is used to support the operating structure, it is very diflicult to remove the same and apply a new casing to thereby improve the appearance of the piano. - Prior commercial piano constructions are also objectionable in that the completed piano is very heavy and hard to handle. This is caused by the fact that in order to provide means sufiiciently rugged for stretching the strings of the piano, a metal string plate together with a massive wooden back structure have been required. As the easing is used to support this back structure and also the various operatin parts of the piano, it has had to be constructed in a very rugged manner further increasing the weight of the piano. My Patent No. 2,431,350 and my copending applications, Serial Nos. 585,053 and 643,713, are directed to knock down piano-structures which overcome some of the above mentioned difficulties with reference to piano construction. The structure disclosed in this application includes improvements and further features not disclosed in the above applications. It is an object of this invention, therefore, to provide a new and improved knock down type piano in which the operating structure of the piano and the case therefor are independent and can be easily assembled and disassembled. A further object of this invention is to provide a piano having an operating structure which is independent of casing therefor, and in which the operating structure is arranged so that a minimum amount of space is required for shipping and storing the same. A still further object of this invention is to provide a piano havin a self-supporting operating structure and a case composed of a plurality of parts which are assembled together as the case is applied to the operating structure. A feature of this invention is the provision of a single metal frame member for a piano on which all the operating components of the piano are mounted and which is self-supporting to provide a, structure which can be completely adjusted and assembled without the use of the piano casing. A further feature of this invention is the provision of a piano operating structure having a horizontal string chassis with brackets removably mounted thereon and a piano keybed pivotally secured to the brackets so that the keybed can be moved from a normal position for playing the piano to a position parallel with and adjacent the string chassis so that a minimum amount of space is required for shipping and storin the operating structure. Further objects, features and advantages will be apparent from a consideration of the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which: Fig. 1 is an exploded view showing the operating structure and removable casing in accordance with this invention; Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the back portion of the piano; "toprotect the-piano action and the keys. movable supporting foot is provided on the frame Fig.3 is a rear view of the back portion in assembled form; Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the back portion; Fig. 5 illustrates the two positions of the keyboard; and Fig. 6 shows a portion of the keyboard and mounting therefor. In practicing my invention I provide a low upright piano having a back portion including a single frame member with a sounding board and strings secured thereto. The frame member includes means for securing the piano action thereto and brackets which "are-removably secured to the frame member for supporting the keyboard of the piano. The keyboard is pivotally mounted on the brackets so that it may be positioned in the normal operating position with respect to the piano action or pivoted to a position parallel to the frame member and adjacent the piano action to thereby provide a piano structure which may be shipped and stored in a minimum of space and inwhich thekeyboard tends A reso that the operating structuremay be held in "an upright position thereby. A casing is providedfor the piano including a plurality of members which are assembled as they are attached "to the operatingstructure of the piano. visions are included on the frame member for "attaching the casing thereto. 'Pro- Referring now more particularly to Fig. 1, there is'shown a piano operating structure If] includ- -ing-a-back'portion A piano action l2 and keyboard i3 are secured to the back portion, the keyboard being supported by brackets I4. A supporting'foot I5 is also secured to the back structure for a purpose to be described hereinafter. -"Members adapted to form a casing are provided including sides 16, top member shelf I8, music These various members are adapted to be operating structure. v As is shown in Fig. 1, the piano'backiportion II "has openings therein adapted to receive "dowels 3| on the sides l6 of the case to thereby position thesides with respect to the operating structure. Registering hinge-like portions 32 and 33 are provided on the frame and sides respectively for-securing'the sides tothe frame, pins "34 being provided to connect the hinge portions to thereby form simple and effective securin means. After thesides have been secured'to the operating structure, the legs 25 are secured to the keybed I3 by screws or other securing means. projections 35 being provided in the legs to fit in openings 36 in the keybed for positioning the legs with respect thereto. The toe rail 23 is then secured to the side members I6 with the channel members 31 thereon being positioned about projecting portions 38 on the sides and pins 39 bein positioned in openings in the members 31 and 38 to hold the toe rail securely to the side member. Thereafter the bottom panel 24 may be secured in place with respect to the toe rail 23 and sides I6 by any suitable securing means, this member being removable in the usual piano construction. The key blocks 2| and the key slip 22 may now be set in place, supporting members 40 being provided on the sides of the'casing |6to which these'members may be secured by screws or other securing means. The key blocks 2| include reor modern designs. portions 45 adapted to cooperate with similar portions 4t on the frame H, the hinge portions being connected by pins 41 forming a hinged connection for the top panel. Itis obvious that the various parts of the case described above can be of such configuration that the assembled case will be of any desired designs, suchasthe various 18th century designs As cases of the various designs may be applied to the same operating structure, it will be possible for the owner of a piano to have his piano restyled by changing the case thereof, without'removing the piano "fromhis home. Also, sales agencies can changethe cases of pianos to suit the desire of the purchaser and thus reduce the number of'pianos which they must keep in stock. Reference is now made to Figs. 2, 3 and; in which the details of the back'port-ionof the operating structure are illustrated. 'The back portion includes a frame member 50 which is the sole supporting member forthe entire operating structure for the piano. As indicated in Figs. 2 and 4 the'frame includes a peripheral flange portion"5| and a central web portion 52 having a plurality of reinforcingribs 53 thereon and openings 54 therein. The reinforcing ribs 53 are so positioned to strengthen the frame'at the points where the tension of the piano-strings cause the greatest stresses therein. A cross-rib 55 is provided across the back of the framemember 50 forming a narrow upper recess and a relatively large rectangular lower recess. A'pin block 56 is positioned in the upper recess and a sounding board 51 is supported in the lower recess. Openings 58 are provided in the webportionat the upper recess through which pins '59 extend into the pinblock 56 for supporting the piano strings 60. Projections 6| are provided on certain of the reinforcing ribs 0n the frame'for supporting the other ends of the'strin'gs. Thesounding-board 5'! includes'a relatively thin vibrating member 62 having a surrounding frame portion 53 which-fits into the recess between the cross-rib 55 and the peripheralflan'ge on the bottom andsides of the frame member. The sounding board is held in position by screws 64 which are threaded into openings 65 in the web'portion 52 adjacent the periphery thereof. Ribs-66 are provided on the backside of the sounding board for stiffening the same and bridges 67 and 68 are provided on the front-side in such a manner that they extend through openings 54 in the web portion of the frame to contact the strings 60. Fig. 4 showsa cross-sectional View of the frame member 50 with the pins '59, strings 60 and sounding boardtl in place. Fig. 2 shows the manner in which the bridges 61" and 68 on the sounding board project'throughthe openings 54 in the web portion. As previously stated, the frame'me'mber'ifl of the back portion N forms the support for the entire operating structure of the piano. Figs. 1 and 5 illustrate the operating'str'ucture assembled on the frame member 50. As shown in the drawings, the frame 50 has a removable foot l5 secured thereto which is used to support the back portion of the piano in the normal upright position. A projection 19 is provided on one of the reinforcing ribs 53 of the frame member having an opening H therein in which the foot is removably positioned. The foot is bent and may be placed in the opening H at different angles so that the frame member 59 may be tilted more or less (Fig. 5). A rubber tip 12 is provided on the foot to provide a secure contact with the supporting surface. The foot is adapted to hold the back portion, or the entire operating structure of the piano in the normal upright position while other supporting means are secured thereto. The piano action l2, which is provided as a preassembled unit, includes a plurality of supporting brackets 86 adapted to support the action on the frame 50. Integral projections 89 are provided on the reinforcing ribs 53 of the frame (Fig. 2) for supporting a horizontal bar 8! which is provided for supporting the piano action in operative position with respect to the strings. Forwardly extending projections 83 and pins 85 which project upwardly are provided on the horizontal bar 8|. The bottoms of the action brackets 86 include recesses adapted to fit over the pins 85 to thereby mount the action on the bar 8|. The top portions of the brackets 86 are supported on the web portion 52 of the frame 50 by pins 81. Accordingly, it is seen that the action is supported entirely on the frame member 59 and may be connected thereto or removed therefrom as a unit after having first been preassembled. It is to be noted that the action fits closely to the web portion 52 and a portion thereof is within the space defined by the flange 5| of the frame. This provides an operating structure of minimum depth. In Figs. 5 and 6, there is illustrated the manner in which the keyboard I3 is supported on the frame member 50. The keyboard includes a keybed 9 3 on which the piano keys 95 are supported in a manner well known in the art. Brackets M are removably secured to the flange 5| of the frame member by screws 90, the brackets having portions 9| which abut the flange to thereby make a very rigid connection. The brackets [4 include U-shaped trunnions 92 On the inside of the forwardly extending portions thereof. Pins 93 are provided on the keyboard l3 positioned to engage the trunnions 92 to thereby pivotally support the keyboard on the brackets. This is clearly illustrated in Fig. 6. The keyboard may thus be pivoted from a vertical position as shown in solid lines in Fig. 5 to a horizontal position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 5. In the vertical position the operating structure of the piano may be stored or shipped in a relatively small space with the keybed 94 tending to protect the keys 95 and the action l2. In the horizontal position, the keybed and keys are in the normal playing condition with the capstan screws 96 at the back end of the keys engaging the whips 91 of the piano action. It is to be understood that the particular action disclosed and the cooperation between the keys and action is merely illustrative and other types of actions might be used in the same arrangement. Means are provided for locking the keyboard in the two positions, comprising bolts 98 on the keyboard registering with openings 99 on the bracket l4. Additional bolts may be positioned in the keybed intermediate the ends thereof registering with openings in the projections 83. Wing nuts |0l are provided on the bolts for securely supporting the keyboard in the horizontal playing position. When it is desired to pivot the keyboard, the nuts IOI are removed and the keyboard pivoted in the trunnions 92 to the vertical position. The trunnions 92 and the pins 93 on the keyboard have openings therein which register when the keybed is in the vertical position. Pins I92 are provided which may be positioned in the openings to lock the keyboard in the vertical position. This arrangement is clearly shown in Fig. 5. In manufacturing a piano in accordance with the invention, the back portion is first assembled with the pin block 56 and sounding board 51 being secured to the frame 50 and the strings 60 strung thereon. Thereafter the foot I5 is secured in place on the frame and the brackets M for supporting the keybed are applied. With the back portion held in upright position the piano action and keyboard are applied and the piano is com pletely regulated. It is apparent that a completely playable piano is thus provided which does not include any parts of the piano case. If it is now desired to ship or store the piano, the keyboard may be pivoted to the vertical position and the foot [5 removed to thereby permit storing the operating structure in a minimum of space. When it is desired to assemble the operating structure and case as a complete piano, the operating structure is again supported in the upright position by the foot IS, the keyboard is pivoted to the normal horizontal position, and the case is then applied thereto as previously described. It is to be pointed out that after the legs 25 of the piano case are secured to the keyboard, the foot l5 can be removed and bottom panel 24 put in place. It is seen from the foregoing that in accordance with the invention a structure is provided wherein a piano may be assembled from a plurality of preassembled units each of which is adapted for production line manufacturing methods. The back portion is formed with a single frame member which replaces the usual string plate and wooden back structure, and as this frame member may be cast as a single member, the manufacture thereof is simplified to a large extent as compared with former structures. The use of the frame member of the back portion as the sole supporting member of the operating structure of the piano makes it possible to completely assemble the operating structure before applying a case thereto for styling the piano. The provision of the removable foot on the frame member facilitates handling of the operating structure during the various manufacturing and assembling processes. The pivoted keyboard support results in an operating structure which requires less space for shipping and storage thereof and in general permits the shipping and storage of two pianos in the space previously required for one. The case for the piano disclosed, which is made of a plurality of parts which are assembled as the case is applied to the operating structure, permits very easy and fast changing of cases on an operating structure. This not only has the advantage of eliminating damage to the case during the manufacture of the operating structure but also results in the requirement of less shipping and storage space as the operating structure and various components of the case can be placed in much less space than is required for the completely assembled piano and case. The provision of interchangeable cases has the further advantage of permitting theuser of a piano to restyle a piano to conform with other decorations in his home and also permits "selling agencies 'to furnish the cases desired by a particular purchaser without having a great number of pianos in stock. It 'is, therefore, seen that I have provided a piano structure in which the various components are 'sodesigned that assembly and regulation of the operating parts ar'every easily accomplished. Ifhe structure is such that a minimum amount of shipping and storage space is required and that the complete unit can be assembled very rapidly by relatively unskilled workmen. "Ifhe regulation of the piano is not affected by the assembly of the operating structure with respect to the case as the piano is complete and entirely playable without the case. I Although I have described certain einbodinients of the piano structure in accordance with the invention, it is obvious that variouschanges can be made therein without departing from the intended scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. "1. Apiano operating unit adapted for use with case ii-leans, said operating unit being playable an'd'en'tirely self-supporting without having case means therewith and including in combination a unitary string chassis "having a single flanged frame, a sounding board, strings, and means for supporting said sounding board and strings on said frame in the space'defined by said fiang'es, a piano action in operative relation with said strings, means for supporting said piano action on said string chassis, bracket means, means for supporting said bracket means "on said string chassis, a playing portion including piano keys, and means for pivotally supporting said playing portion on said bracket means so that said playing portion is movable from'ahorizontal'position in which the keys are in position'tooperate'said pianoaction to a vertical positioninWliich'the playing portion is adjacent said piano action to thereby form a compact unit with said "playing unit bein'g positioned. to 'prote'ctsaid action. '2. A piano operating unit adapted for use with case means, said'operating unit being playable and entirely self supporting without having a case means therewith and'comprising a string chassis including a single flanged metal framememb'er, strings, a sounding board and means for supporting said strings and sounding board on said frame member in the space defined by said :flanges, a playing 'portion'including key support :r'neans a'nd'key means thereon,bracket means, means for mounting said. bracket'means on'said :frame member out of contact 'with'the strings, means pivotally mounting said playing portion on said bracket means, and means secured to said frame member for supporting said "operatingunit independently of a case means, said playing portion extending perpendicular t'o's'aid string chassis when in playing position and being pivotable to aposition parallel'to'said string chassis to permit storage or transportation thereof ina relatively small space. . 3. A piano operating unit adapted for use with case means, said operating unit comprising a back portion including a frame, strings and a sounding board, a piano action in operating positi'on with respect to said strings, means for mounting said piano action on said frame, bracket means, means for securing said bracket means to said frame, a playing portion including piano keys thereon, means pivotally mounting said playing portion on said bracket means, supporting "means 'remova'bly secured to said frame, said playing portion and said supporting means having operating positions in which said keys are in normal operating position with respect to said action and said supporting means supports said operating unit to provide a complete playable unit, and non-operatingpositions inwhic'h said playing portion is pivoted toward said back portion and said supportingv means is removed so that said operating unit forms a compact assembly. 4. A piano operating unit adapted for use with case means, said operating unit comprisinga back portion including a single frame member with strings and a sounding board thereon, piano action means in operating position with respect to said strings, means for removably mounting said piano action means'on said frame, bracket means, means for removably securing said bracket means to said frame member, a'playing portion having key support means and key means thereon, means pivotally mounting said playing portion on said bracket means, and supporting means removably secured to said frame, said playing portion and said supporting means having a first position in which said "key means are in normal operating position with respect to said action means and said supporting means supports said operating unit so that it is completely playable and entirely self supporting and a second position in which said. playing portion is pivoted toward said back portion and said supporting means is removed so that saidoperating unit forms a'compact assembly which can be housed in a minimum amount of space. CHARLES FREDERICK STEIN. REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent: Great Britain Sept. 10, 1925

The pattern today is the Gabby front pleated midi skirt – inspired by a design by Dolce & Gabbana. It features a midi length, high waist detail with front box pleat, and a flattering flared silhouette. It is quite a simple project to try, and will not take you too much time to get the finished item. The Gabby skirt pattern is also an easy item to hack. If you want a different length, simply extend or shorten the hem. I have seen similar designs to this skirt like a maxi skirt made of soft flowy fabric, or a mini skirt made of denim or wool. Just let your imagination take over and you will be surprise at how versatile this pattern can be. As usual, my pattern is made in 10 sizes from XXS to 5XL so you may find a suitable size for yourself. If you are not sure which size suits you, take a look at the measurement table before doing anything here: SIZE GUIDE. The pattern is made using layered PDF, please check for your desired size before printing so you won’t waste your paper. I have included a first page with many details about sizing and printing, so please first read the first page and make sure you know what size you need! If you still do not know how to print a layered PDF, please check for the printing instruction in this post: PRINTING GUIDE. My patterns are now made in both A4/Letter paper and A0 paper format so you can print at home or at any print shop! For home printers, you can print this using your home printer and either A4 or Letter paper. I calculated the printing area so that you will be able to use either type of paper to print the pattern out perfectly. Always print the first page first and check with the test square if you are printing at the right scale before you print out the whole pattern – avoid waste of ink and waste of paper, save the earth! Some PC may print smaller than actual size even when you choose 100% scale – I don’t know why this problem exist, but my HP laptop cannot print true to size. I have to scale up to 103% to get the right size. You may need to check with your PC to see if it prints true to size, if not, scale up a bit. SEWING INSTRUCTION You will need Fabric of your choice. This pattern is made for woven fabric.Some fusible interfacingZipper for closure at backScissors, pencil or fabric marker, ruler, pinsSewing machine/Serger or needle and threadPrinted pattern How much fabric do you need for this piece of garment? This garment is not going to need a lot of fabric. To be precise, you may need to check how much fabric you need before buying. It will depend on the selected pattern size, the width, and design of the fabric you plan to use. Just to be sure, print all the paper patterns and lay them out at the width of fabric you plan to use (usually from 90 to 150 centimeters or 35 to 60 inches). Measure how much fabric you will need. Don’t forget to account for pieces that need to be cut multiple times and pieces that are cut on the fold. Cutting instruction: After printing out and taping all the pattern pages together, you will get something similar to this: You will see that there are 2 sets of lines on each pattern piece. The inner lines are sewing line (and you sew along these lines), and the outer lines are cutting lines (you cut the fabric along these lines, remember the folding lines where you have to fold the fabric before cutting). The distance between sewing line and cutting line is seam allowance, and it varies from point to point. For example, the side seam allowance is about 1/2 inch (1.2cm), and seam allowance at hemline is 1 inch (2.5cm). This is the reason why I do not remove the sewing lines from the pattern. Please use it as a guide to know how much seam allowance you need to give at each seam. The fabric will be cut into following pieces: Front: cut 1 on the foldBack: cut 2Front Waistband: cut 2 self fabric + 2 fusible interfacingBack Waistband: cut 4 self fabric + 4 fusible interfacing Place the pattern pieces on the fabric, pin the pattern pieces to the fabric to secure them in place. Using sharp scissors, carefully cut out the fabric pieces along the outer lines of the pattern. Take your time to ensure precise and clean cuts, as this will affect the fit and overall appearance of your garment. Make sure to mark all notches and other design features such as darts, pleats etc. from the pattern pieces onto your fabric. When sewing the garment, pay attention to notches, they must match up. Sewing instruction: 1. Serge/zig zag stitch the edges of the fabric pieces to prevent fabric from unraveling. 2. Apply fusible interfacing to the corresponding pieces. 3. Take a pair of Waist Tie pieces, place them right side facing. Pin and sew around leaving the short straight edge. Trim and clip the curve tip, turn the Waist Tie inside out, press to flatten. Do it with the other pair of Waist Tie pieces. 4. With the right sides together, fold the skirt at center front so that the pleat lines meet. Stitch the pleat from the upper edge to the mark on the center front and baste below the mark. Lay the pleat flat on the surface, distribute the folds evenly between two sides and press. Baste the pleat folds to the upper skirt edge. 5. Stitch the front and back darts, press toward the side. 6. Place Front Skirt and Back Skirt right side facing. Pin and sew the side seams. 7. Place the Front Waistband and Back Waistband pieces right side facing. Pin and sew the side seams. You get two waistband units (inside and outside). 8. Place two waistband units right side facing. Pin and sew the upper edge of the waistband. Turn the waistband over, staystitch the seam allowance toward the inside waistband unit. 9. Sew the invisible zipper to the center back. You can see some tips on sewing invisible zippers here. 10. Fold the inside waistband unit and use stitch-in-the-ditch technique or hand stitch to finish the waistband of the skirt. 11. Press the hem allowances to the inside and hand stitch or use blind hem stitch to finish the hem. And here is the download link: GABBY FRONT PLEATED MIDI SKIRT (SIZE XXS-5XL) A4/LETTER PAPER GABBY FRONT PLEATED MIDI SKIRT (SIZE XXS-5XL) A0 PAPER To download just click on the link above and choose “Save link as”. The PDF file will be downloaded to your device. Happy sewing! And don’t forget to share your project on my Facebook page: Tiana’s Closet Sewing Patterns