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...in all their glory.... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arisaema_triphyllum
L'arisaema è una pianta generalmente tropicale, particolarmente nota per le qualità ornamentali delle sue infiorescenze.
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Carolyn’s Shade Gardens is a retail nursery located in Bryn Mawr, PA, specializing in showy, colorful, and unusual plants for shade. The only plants that we ship are snowdrops and miniature hostas…
El género Arisaema está formado por unas 150 especies de plantas nativas de regiones tan diversas como el África central y del Este, Asia y la parte Este de Norteamérica. En cambio en Europa no hay ninguna especie de este género, por lo cual no son aquí muy conocidas estas extraordinarias plantas. Pero cada vez
Sun: Half Shade / ShadeZones: 6-9Flowers in JuneHeight: ± 50 /70 cmThe bulb is winterhard, the flower will grow first and it will produce leaves after flowering
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Learn to care for and grow Arisaema tosaense (Devil's Nip, Jack-in-the-Pulpit, Japanese Cobra Lily). Arisaema tosaense (also known as Devil's Nip, Jack-in-the-Pulpit and Japanese Cobra Lily) is a plant in the family Araceae.
Beautiful Arisaema are well suited to growing in pots. We show you how to plant them.
Dr, Carole Bainbridge Everyone loves to complain about aging, but I must say one of the pleasures of a rich long life is to touch bases again and again with people you love and respect. And few are as lovable and respectable as the mighty Bainbridges of Woodlhouselee, Penicuik, near Edinburgh Scotland. They epitomize the remarkable phenomenon "the British Gardener". They have not one but TWO homes and gardens currently (I've only been to the one near Edinburgh, alas) and both have alpine houses and woodland gardens, crevice gardens and rock gardens galore. They have been active members of many societies, although the Scottish Rock Garden Club is understandably their focus: Ian was president for several terms a decade or so ago, and Carole is currently President of S.R.G.C., and I suspect my invitation to speak at the 80th Birthday party of S.R.G.C. last week in Pitlochry was partly her instigation. She was amply punished for that by having me as a house guest for nearly a week--and a happier house guest has rarely been encountered: the Bainbridges host in style! u Julia Corden (left), Dr. Ian Bainbridge (center) and Dr. Carole Bainbridge (right) Speaking of Pitlochry, here are the pair on the right, and Julia who directs the remarkable Explorer's garden (which I hope to blog about anon) on the left...another remarkable day! But this blog is really about how Carole and Ian have gardened together: there are other gardening pairs I've met over the years, but few seem to be as well balanced nor to have such a complementary approach to things as these two. It was an enormous pleasure to wander through their garden, and to gaze down at it from their living room as I logged on my enormous accumulation of digital images I was accumulating in Scotland. As usual, I was lucky, and Spring in Scotland was so delayed that I seemed to catch the last high water of spring flowers, as well as the early onslaught of summer wonders: the trip was simply magical! Here are just a few images from their garden--things that I was struck by and wanted to record for my own interest... Arisaema ciliatum I can't resist starting my role call of some of the plants I found at Woodhousely with this wonderful pot full of Jacks--of course, the Bainbridges complained bitterly of how weedy the thing was, and how they carefully harvested the seed lest it self sow mercilessly in their garden, popping up everywhere! (Such a problem!)...I love the striped spathes! Arisaema cf. consanguineum I had this mislabeled earlier--and have forgotten what the Bainbridges told me this was--perhaps they will let us know! A handsome clump nonetheless... Closeup of Arisaema propinquum A leitmotif of my week's visit was the theme of Arisaema propinquum: this was coming into full glorious bloom quite a few places we visited. Notably at Cluny--a truly dazzling garden where of course my camera was non functional due to battery depletion (too many pix the day before) We finally decided the truly monstrous Jacks at Cluny were hybrids--but true propinquum is much to be cherished... One of many wonderful combinations at Woodhouselee--I could have photographed a dozen vistas like this. The tall spires in back are the most upright, and giant Aruncus dioicus I have ever seen! The orange in front is Euphorbia griffithii 'Fireglow' and the blue is a wild sourced Iris sibirica. "Nothing special" Carole said. I thought it had a very special coloration. Crevice garden Like many other members of Scottish Rock Garden Society, the Bainbridges have been to the Czech Republic on several occasions, and they are all taken with the crevice garden methodology. After one of their recent trips there, they decided to build a crevice garden on their large berm towards the street--it is only a year or so old and very settled and full of treasures. The bright pinky white on the left the the largest creamy white clumps are silver saxifrages. The speckled mat between them is Arenaria purpurascens (the flowers are pink as you look closely--and just past peak bloom: this must have been stunning two weeks ago!) and the diffuse white mound above is Silene alpestris. But my favorite plant is the olive-green clump dead center: one of numerous dwarf Aciphylla from New Zealand (Spaniards they call them--Yucca-like umbellifers with wonderful foliage and bloom)... Trough with a variety of cushions Of course, the Bainbridges have their share of troughs: full of cushions and treasures. They were almost complaining about the fact that Dactylorhiza purpurella, a native orchid found thereabouts, had decided these troughs were its perfect place to grow. There were seemingly dozens of the orchids scattered through the garden, although they seemed most numerous in the troughs themselves... Closeup of Dactylorhiza purpurealla in a mat of Erigeron scopulinus Another glimpse of troughs, and orchids Bulbinella hookeri I have always admired pictures of Bulbinella hookeri from New Zealand, which so resembles the many Bulbines and Bulbinellas of South Africa. This was my first opportunity to see it in full bloom (my previous visits were never at quite the right time): this is one I am anxious to test in Colorado! More Bulbinella hookeri Cicerbita alpina is rarely seen in gardens, but what a blue! Carole was careful to distinguish this wonderful blue lettuce from the commoner Cicerbita macrophylla (which I believe has naturalized in Colorado): this is one I would love to see in our perennial borders! A closeup of the flowers--intense blue! A wonderful blue Corydalis: one of dozens being grown in Scotland Dactylorhiza elata Yet another orchid forming a handsome patch.... I believe this one is Dactylorhiza fuchsii Masses of silver saxifrages blooming around the orchid (and some Dactylorhiza purpurella among them) with pink powderpuffs of Thalictrum in the distance: the place was a fairyland! Carole posing with Gunnera manicata I've noticed that no self respecting European botanic garden (or great estate) would dream of NOT having Gunnera manicata: my colleagues at Denver Botanic Gardens are terribly remiss... Halimium viscosum I dote on the Sun rose clan--this one was a new one for me--a wonderful example of that genus intermediate between Helianthemum and Cistus. What a glorious mound... Helianthemum lunulatum Still a week or two away from full bloom: we grew this sun rose for decades at DBG. I must go see if there is any left--we should start it over again--one of the loveliest of the little ones... Iris forresii LAST year this had a ton of bloom apparently--but I'd be proud to have these three flowers in my garden! The specific name honors the king of Scottish plant explorers--as far as rock gardeners are concerned anyway... Part of their extensive collection of Oxalis Oxalis are one of the Bainbridges loves: there are wonderful specimens in the gardens and in pots in the alpine house... Paris quadrifolium amid Trillium albidum I would have loved to see the trillium in full bloom: but this was Paris time and that was fun too weaving through its American cousin! An enormous Scots pine viewed from their patio. This is the centerpiece of the garden, draped with Hydrangea anomala v. petiolaris Primula chungensis seeding about Notice the giant leaves of Lysichiton camtchatense in the background? Ranunculus aconitifolius 'Flore Pleno' I don't think the Bainbridges are too big on variegated or double flowers, but they made an exception for this old classic of cottage gardens--the double white buttercup. I doubt there are many better specimens in gardens anywhere! I love the brash combo of hot colored azalea and blue poppy! Another shot of Rhody and blue poppy: you don't find this in Rockies--although both could be induced to grow here! Rhododendron campylogynum 'Salmon pink' You may have noticed this spectacular rhododendron in the very first picture in the blog---here it gets its solo treatment...what more can be said? Almost makes you want to move to a maritime climate... Back to the alpine house for Saxifraga cebennensis I end on a hybrid New Zealander: read on... The picture is muddled, I'm sorry! This is a hybrid between Aciphylla diefenbachii and Anisotome latifolia combining some of the best traits of both parents: the soft foliage of Anisotome and its pink flowers, with the greater substance of Aciphylla. It occurred as a chance seedling they grew--and they now possess two plants--possibly the only two in the U.K.--and typical of the choice serendipity of Woodhouselee. I had not visited this remarkable garden in over a decade--but I am sure to follow the exploits of these two plantspeople I am proud to count as friends as well. A full account of their garden (or their amazing resumes as professionals and their long affair with horticulture) would fill books, not just a blog. I hope they will sit down and produce just such a book one day--it would be a valuable contribution.
Almost exactly a year ago, I visited Lilactree Farm, the home and garden of Brian Bixley. In 2014, I would have considered this visit quite improbable. I am not a frequent traveler nor an adventuro…
Plant profile of Arisaema engleri on gardenersworld.com
Arisaema serratum, the Japanese arisaema, is one of the most conspicuous flowers along the trail from late March through September. It may be the perfect flower for the Gothic gardener. Visitors inevitably point to the flowering stalks or the clump of bright red berries and ask, "What's this flower?" "That plant is a member of the same family as taro." "Can you eat it? Those berries looks pretty big." "Well. . . something, probably deer, do sometimes munch on the flowers, but if you eat it, oxalic acid molecules the shape of little needles will probably tear up your throat so badly it hurts to breathe." "Oh. . . What's it called?" "In English, we just call it the Japanese arisaema, but look at the coloration of the stalk. Does that remind you of snake skin? The Japanese call it mamushi-gusa, the pit-viper weed. Still want to try eating it?" While A. serratum (synonymous with A. japonicum, but that's another can of worms!) can be found throughout Japan and is one of the most conspicuous flowers around here, there are some 30 species of arisaemas in Japan, from Okinawa to Hokkaido, and over 150 species of arisaema worldwide, but you do have to get away from the cities to find them. People in the Northern hemisphere may be family with jack-in-the-pulpit. The Toxin: Raphide Alocasia odora, Elephant's ear looks similar to taro. This genus is in the Araceae family. The Japanese know this family best for taro, or satoimo in Japanese. This is a delicious tuber, but it is not eaten raw because of the presence of calcium oxalate crystals. If you've ever had a kidney stone, then you can probably blame the formation of calcium oxalate within your body. (Note: I don't believe this is related to ingestion of calcium oxalate.) Needle-shaped molecules of calcium oxalate, called raphide, are produced by many plants to deter foragers. Side effects of ingestioArisaema thunbergii Blume subsp.n can range from tingling in the tongue and mouth, to inflammation of the throat so severe that the victim has trouble breathing. In the past 50 years, there have been no records of anyone dying from eating A. serratum in Japan, but there have been several hospitalizations. There is another member of this family, Alocasia odora, called Elephant's Ear in English, that visitors often confuse with taro, with similarly unpleasant consequences and a trip to the hospital. The Japanese name for Elephant's Ear is kuwazu-imo, meaning inedible potato. Other plants containing raphide include philodendrons and schefflera, that, together with Elephant's Ear, are often used as ornamental plants in the West. If you want to try the tingling, without hospital bill, then look for the fruit of the monstera plant, also a member of this family. (Oh, but Do Not attempt to eat the rind like the fool I was!) The garden variety of Monstera is both beautiful and tasty if eaten properly. Pitfall-trap Flowers Of course, the reason these plants stand out so much are the shape of the pitfall-trap flowers. Carnivorous plants are famous for pitfall traps, but arisaemas simply use them as a pollination strategy. In the case of arisaemas, these organs are composed of a central stalk, called a spadix, the lower half of which is covered in tiny flowers, and a surrounding vase-like leaf, called a spathe. Insects crawl down the spathe to the flowers and have a hard time getting back out. Male plants have an opening at the bottom of the spathe, so that insects will cover themselves with pollen as they crawl down the length of the flower to escape. Female plants are not so generous. Male flowers: Left: Male flowers on the spadix. Right: Opening for insects to escape Female flowers: Left: Female flowers. Center: No opening for insects. Right: Insects trapped inside. A. thunbergii subsp. urashima with a beautiful array of leaves and an extended spadix. One of the beautiful species of arisaema in Yakushima is called A. thunbergii subsp. urashima. The spadix has a long extension used to lure insects inside. This whip-like extension has been likened to a fishing rod, perhaps the fishing rod of Urashima in the legend of Urashima and the sea turtle kingdom. (I imagine this works the same way fly tape does: Just try hanging a piece of string from the ceiling and open the window. Flies apparently like to land on long, skinny things.) Because of the shape of the flowering organs, Arisaemas are sometimes referred to as cobra lilies. However, true cobra-lilies are an unrelated species that captures insects for the purpose of eating, while, in the case of Arisaemas, insects become casualties of pollination and their dead bodies simply accumulate inside female flowers. Sex-Changing Habits Fruiting A. serratum Okay, so I still haven't touched on what many botanists consider the most interesting trait of arisaemas: Labile sex-changing, the ability to change sexes based on growing conditions. Arisaemas are perennials that die back every year, although the underground tumor, called a corm, can continue to produce flowers for 20 years or more. Apparently, a small corm tends to produce strictly male flowers, but when the corm grows large enough, they produce only female flowers. The reverse, although rare, is also possible. So imagine a large female specimen producing a bunch of berries that will likely fall to the ground uneaten and later spring up as males around the mother plant. Find Them before They Find You! An unusual specimen of A. serratum with two stalks. A week later one flower has been lopped off and has bite marks. Were the deer confused by the twin stalks? A. serratum is especially common along roadsides and mountain trails up to elevations around 900 m. The stalks start popping up in February and even after the flowes wilt, the bright, blood-red berries will remain, uneaten until after summer ends. (A. serratum is so abundant, that it got all the attention when I was training, and I ignorantly assumed it was the only Arisaema on the island! Well let me make up for that oversight now!) Look for A. urashima in the spring, from coastal plains and along the trails up to around 800 m. A. sazensou and the rare A. longipedunculatum can also sometimes be found along trails in late spring to early summer. Elephant's ear grows abundantly at low altitudes, and monstera is often found in gardens. A. longipedunculatum ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Information about sex-changing of arisaemas is discussed in depth in Kinoshita, E. 1987. Sex Change and Population Dynamics in Arisaema (Araceae). I. Arisaema serratum (Thunb.) Schott. Plant Species Biology 2:15-28. and a review is given by Srivastava, P. and Banerji, B.K. 2012. Gender biasing in Arisaema – a unique and rare phenomenon. Current Science, 102:189-193. A casual overview of A. serratum in Japanese with a photo of dead insects inside a fruiting flower can be seen at A. sazensou http://www.fukuoka-edu.ac.jp/~fukuhara/keitai/mamushigusa.html . Examples of toxic plants containing raphides from http://www.aspca.org http://www.petpoisonhelpline.com . Species identification: 初島住彦監修, 屋久島の植物(新版). 2001：南方新社 片野田逸朗, 九州野山の花. 2004：南方新社 It makes my head spin, but if you really want to debate names, i.e. A. serratum versus A. japonicum, then you can look up 邑田 仁、大橋 広好. 2009. 牧野富太郎とマムシグサの分類(日本植物分類学会第7回東京大会公開シンポジウム講演記録 「牧野富太郎博士の植物研究とその継承」) [Taxonomic history of Arisaema serratum and A. japonicum] 分類9(1):37-45. Toxicity information and counts of poisoning incidents (I understand why little kids might eat them, but apparently some adults mistake the blood-red berries for corn? ?) are listed in 登田美桜、畝山智香子、春日文子（2013）過去50年間のわが国の高等植物による食中毒事例の傾向、食衛誌55(1):55-63. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare: 自然毒のリスクプロファイル：高等植物：テンナンショウ類 (visited on April 17, 2014). *edited on 1/15/2015 to correct the synonym Arisaema urashima to A. thumbergii subsp. urashima. A. serratum
Some plants I saw at the RHS Chelsea Flower Show – May 2014 There were some plants that were everywhere – why is that? I imagine the RHS judges turning up with a juggernaut of plants, d…
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Search hundreds of different types of perennials. We set out basic information including sun requirements, water requirements, hardiness zones, soil pH, height and more. 100's of photo examples.
Arisaema nepenthoidesby PerliteEnjoyer
Jack-in-the-pulpit and green-dragon, in the Arum (Araceae) Family, are herbaceous perennial monocots that occur throughout the state in similar habitats. Both are smooth overall and hairless. Pla…
Chinese: zhi tian nan xing English: prepared arisaema rhizome, jack-in the-pulpit Pharmaceutical: Arisaematis Rhizoma preparatum Properties: Bitter,
