The cleanliness and hygiene concerns with second-hand clothing is a valid concern, I'm here to offer insight and guidance of pre-loved garments

Five reasons to shop thrift clothing this year: Certain links within this post are affiliate links. This means that should you click on th...

The Berlin-based startup Faircado has made it their mission to end unnecessary overproduction, by making secondhand the first choice. The team created a browser extension that works in both online stores and search engines. Once installed, a pop up shows a secondhand or refurbish

Discover the impacts of greenwashing and learn how to protect yourself as a conscious consumer. Follow these 5 simple rules to distinguish genuine eco-friendly choices from deceptive marketing practices. Together, let's foster a culture of true environmental responsibility and drive positive change towards a more sustainable future.

Secondhand, not second choice.

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When it comes to ethical clothing, the most sustainable choice might already be in your closet or in someone else's! Embracing secondhand clothing isn't just about refreshing your wardrobe in an affordable way. When done right, it can also be a way to reduce your own consumption and the overall environmental footprint of the fashion industry. But not all secondhand is created equal! Our go-to advice for sustainable shopping when it comes to pre-loved? Opt for pieces that were originally made with sustainability in mind, like our wearwellagain collection.

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The urine cotinine test is used to detect the presence of cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, in the urine. It is commonly performed to determine recent nicotine exposure or tobacco use.   Urine Cotinine Test Here are the basic details for the Urine Cotinine Test. Also Known As Nicotine Screening, Cotinine Testing Type Urine Test Purpose Detect the presence of cotinine in urine Sample Type Urine Preparation No Special Preparation Required Fasting No Gender All Age-Group Any Normal Value < 10 ng/mL Reporting Time 1 - 2 days Cost 500 - 1000 INR* *Price range may vary as per location, lab type, and procedure of lab test. Urine Cotinine Test Means A urine cotinine test is used to detect the presence of cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, in the urine. It is commonly performed to determine recent nicotine exposure or tobacco use. The test can be used to assess smoking status, monitor smoking cessation progress, or evaluate exposure to secondhand smoke. Cotinine is detectable in urine for a few days after nicotine use, making the test useful for detecting recent exposure. Results can be reported as positive (indicating the presence of cotinine) or negative (indicating the absence of cotinine).   Urine Cotinine Test Purpose Here is the basic purpose of the Urine Cotinine Test. Assess tobacco use or exposure Determine nicotine levels in the body Monitor smoking cessation efforts Evaluate secondhand smoke exposure Confirm compliance with tobacco-free policies Aid in insurance or employment screenings Assist in research studies on tobacco use     Urine Cotinine Test Preparation Here's the Urine Cotinine Test preparation before, during, and after the test.   Before Test Abstain from smoking or using any nicotine-containing products, including cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, nicotine patches, nicotine gum, e-cigarettes, and vaping devices. Avoid exposure to secondhand smoke as much as possible. Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated, as it can help flush out toxins from your system.   During Test Follow the instructions provided by the testing facility or healthcare professional administering the test. Provide a urine sample in the designated container provided. Ensure that the sample is collected according to the specific guidelines provided, such as the required amount and proper labeling.   After Test Continue to refrain from smoking or using nicotine products to maintain accurate test results. Dispose of any remaining urine sample containers as per the guidelines provided. Follow up with the testing facility or healthcare professional to obtain your test results and discuss any further steps or recommendations.   Urine Cotinine Test Procedure Here is the basic Urine Cotinine Test procedure. Prepared by abstain from smoking or using nicotine-containing products before the test. Collect a midstream urine sample in a provided sterile container. Seal and label the container with your name and required information. Submit the urine sample to the testing facility. Wait for the laboratory analysis and receive the test results.   Urine Cotinine Test Results Here is basic Urine Cotinine Test results information for patients. Negative result: Indicates no detectable cotinine in the urine, suggesting no recent nicotine exposure. Positive result: The presence of cotinine confirms recent nicotine exposure or tobacco use. Cotinine levels: Higher levels may indicate heavier smoking or greater exposure to nicotine, while lower levels can indicate lighter smoking or reduced nicotine exposure.   Urine Cotinine Test Report Urine Cotinine Test Report PDF   Urine Cotinine Test Normal Report Urine Cotinine Normal Test Report PDF Format Urine Cotinine Test Normal Result Report PDF   Urine Cotinine Test Abnormal Report Urine Cotinine Abnormal Test Report PDF Format Urine Cotinine Test Abnormal Result Report PDF   Urine Cotinine Test Normal Range Here is the normal range of the Urine Cotinine Test. Cotinine Level Interpretation Less than 10 ng/mL Normal Range - Typically seen in nonsmokers 11 - 30 ng/mL Indicates light smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke Above 500 ng/mL Suggests heavy smoking   Urine Cotinine Test Interpretation Here is the Interpretation result of the Urine Cotinine Test. Cotinine Level Interpretation Below detection Negative for nicotine use 1 - 100 ng/mL Low to moderate nicotine use 101 - 500 ng/mL Moderate to heavy nicotine use Above 500 ng/mL Heavy nicotine use   Urine Cotinine Test High Levels Here's a potential cause of high cotinine levels in a urine cotinine test: High Cotinine Levels Possible Causes Active smoking Heavy smoking of tobacco products Passive smoking Frequent exposure to secondhand smoke Nicotine replacement therapy Recent use of nicotine patches, gum, or lozenges Smokeless tobacco use Regular use of smokeless tobacco products Environmental exposure Prolonged exposure to high levels of environmental smoke   Urine Cotinine Test Low Levels Here's a potential cause of low cotinine levels in a urine cotinine test: Low Cotinine Levels Possible Causes Nonsmoker No recent or significant exposure to tobacco or nicotine products Smoking cessation Recent quitting or reduction in tobacco or nicotine use Smoke exposure Minimal exposure to secondhand smoke Nicotine-free environment Working or living in a smoke-free environment Nicotine products Infrequent or low usage of nicotine-containing products   Specimen Requirements For Urine Cotinine Test Here are the specimen requirements for the Urine Cotinine Test. Specimen Urine Volume Test amount 10 - 15 ml Container A sterile urine collection container   Urine Cotinine Test is Safe? Urine cotinine tests are generally considered safe and non-invasive. The test involves providing a urine sample, which does not pose any significant health risks. It does not involve exposure to radiation or invasive procedures, making it a safe method for detecting cotinine levels.   When Do You Get Urine Cotinine Test Results? The turnaround time for urine cotinine test results can vary depending on the testing facility or laboratory performing the analysis. In some cases, results may be available within 1 - 2 days after submitting the urine sample. However, the actual time frame can depend on factors such as the workload of the laboratory and the specific testing method used. It's best to consult with the testing facility or healthcare professional to get an accurate estimate of when you can expect the results.   Urine Cotinine Test Limitation Here are some possible limitations of the Urine Cotinine Test. False positives from secondhand smoke exposure. Limited detection window for recent nicotine use. Cannot differentiate between various sources of exposure. Timing of test affects accuracy of results.   Urine Cotinine Test Risk Factors Here is the potential risk factor of the Urine Cotinine Test. Active tobacco smoking is a significant risk factor for positive urine cotinine test results. Secondhand smoke exposure can also lead to detectable levels of cotinine in urine. Certain medications or foods may interfere with the accuracy of the test results.   Doctor Recommendations After Urine Cotinine Test Result Here are Doctor recommendations or consult a specialist after Urine Cotinine Test. Urine Cotinine Test Results Doctor to Visit Reason High Pulmonologist Possible tobacco or nicotine exposure Normal General Practitioner Routine monitoring or general health Low General Practitioner Absence of tobacco or nicotine exposure   Urine Cotinine Test Price Here are the estimated Urine Cotinine Test Price in India with top different cities: City Price Range (INR)* Mumbai 500 - 1000 New Delhi 600 - 1000 Bangalore 500 - 1000 Hyderabad 500 - 1000 Kolkata 600 - 1000 Pune 500 - 1000 Lucknow 600 - 1000 Noida 600 - 1000 Surat 500 - 1000 Gurugram 600 - 1000 Patna 600 - 1000 Chennai 500 - 1000 Jaipur 600 - 1000 Ahmedabad 500 - 1000 *Prices are approximate and vary depending on a specific laboratory or healthcare facility.   Summary Overall, Urine Cotinine Test is safe for detecting recent nicotine exposure or tobacco use, providing essential information for healthcare providers to assess smoking status and guide appropriate interventions. Also check Drlogy Test for detailed information about all medical tests for patients, doctors, scholers and medical students.   Reference Cotinine - Wikipedia [1]. Nicotine Cotinine (Urine) - Health Encyclopedia - URMC [2].    

Find a mega collection of ideas and lessons for teaching firsthand and secondhand accounts in your 4th and 5th grade reading class.

A circular economy is an economic system aimed at minimizing waste and making the most of resources. Read more on the Kreussler Inc blog.

Choosing secondhand vintage fashion over new clothing is more fashionable than ever. You may already know this, but do you know why?

Companies in the jeans supply chain are committing to change how they manufacture based on new Jeans Redesign Guidelines.