This is a place to discuss all of Ubiquiti's products, such as the EdgeRouter, UniFi, AirFiber, etc.

Hello all............:wave: As a few of you regular readers know I am part of Briskoda and for my sins drive a Skoda but we like them and that's all that...

Unified Detail Mapping (UDM) in this particular case is used to obtain large shapes when viewed from a distance. Since the close up detail is provided in the regular tiled textures, with the UDM map we show great details after baking highpoly from ZBrush. At Shatterline, we used this method to create large cliffs, rocks, trees, etc. - For the rock and moss tile materials, I used scanned textures from our library with polished in Photoshop. - Enjoy our free-to-play FPS shooter! Available on steam. https://store.steampowered.com/app/2087030/Shatterline/

This Gemstones item by GempalaceStore has 3 favorites from Etsy shoppers. Ships from Thailand. Listed on Jun 7, 2024

Illustration about Astrological zodiac sign Leo or Lion. Part of a set of horoscope signs. Vector illustration. Illustration of astronomy, birth, astrologer - 45752681

Southeast Missouri's football team has revealed their new all black uniform. The team’s black jerseys showoff red numbers and trim with the wordmark Redhawks stitched in red across the chest. On both sides of the shoulders we see the Redhawk logo. The black jersey will be paired with black pants and

Created with MidJourney.

Caricatura in BIANCO & NERO per il tuo papiro di laurea 🎓🎓🎓 • • • • • 🎓🎓🎓 #caricatura #caricatureartist #caricaturista #caricaturadilaurea #laureamagistrale #papirolaurea #tesi #programmatore #weareuniud #myunits #unipd #unibo #almamaterstudiorum #iusve #cafoscari #unimib #udm #università #universitàudine #uniud #units #bocconi #110 #laureato #laureata #magistrale #coronadalloro #tanadellatarma⁠⠀

The Leyland Olympians which came into PMT ownership through its acquisition of Crosville in 1990 varied a great deal by the time I was to drive them. Some were slow in the extreme, some were rougher than a bear's proverbial and some just wanted scrapping. DOG786 (A157 UDM) was - once engineering staff sorted the gearbox out - probably the best of the lot, being fast, warm and smooth. Here it sits on Crewe yard around 2001. This one had received a number of DiPTAC modifications for use on the Cheshire CC contract for service 61 between Nantwich and Audlem which also happened to carry about 70 schoolchildren and so its appearance on service 20 must have taken place at the weekend.

Is a country in Central Europe. The country borders Poland to the northeast, Germany to the west and northwest, Austria to the south and Slovakia to the east. The capital and largest city is Prague (Czech: Praha). The country is composed of the historic regions of Bohemia and Moravia, as well as parts of Silesia. The Czech Republic has been a member of NATO since 1999 and of the European Union since 2004. From 1 January 2009 to 1 July 2009, the Czech Republic held the Presidency of the Council of the European Union. Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526, the Czech lands fell under Habsburg rule, becoming part of the Austrian Empire in 1804 and of Austria–Hungary in 1867. The independent Republic of Czechoslovakia was formed in 1918, following the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian empire after World War I. After the Munich Agreement, German occupation of Czechoslovakia and the consequent disillusion with the Western response and gratitude for the liberation of the major portion of Czechoslovakia by the Red Army, the Communist party won plurality (38%) in the 1946 elections. In a 1948 coup d'état, Czechoslovakia became a communist-ruled state. In 1968, the increasing dissatisfaction culminated in attempts to reform the communist regime. The events, known as the Prague Spring of 1968, ended with an invasion by the armies of the Warsaw Pact countries (with the exception of Romania); the troops remained in the country until the 1989 Velvet Revolution, when the communist regime collapsed. On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia peacefully dissolved into its constituent states, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Czech Republic is a pluralist multi-party parliamentary representative democracy. President Václav Klaus is the current head of state. The Prime Minister is the head of government (currently Jan Fischer). The Parliament has two chambers: the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. It is also a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the Council of Europe and the Visegrád Group. The Czech Republic made economic reforms such as fast privatizations. Annual gross domestic product growth has been around 6% until the outbreak of the recent global economic crisis. The country is the first former member of the Comecon to achieve the status of a developed country according to the World Bank (2006) and the Human Development Index (2009), which ranks it as a "Very High Human Development" nation. History Please go to en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Czech_lands Geography Please go to en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_the_Czech_Republic Other info Oficial name: Česká republika Independence (formed 9th century): from Austria-Hungary October 28, 1918 - Czechoslovakia dissolved January 1, 1993 Area: 78.866 km2 Inhabitants: 12.000.000 Languages: Bavarian [bar] 9,245 in Czech Republic (2000 WCD). North Bavarian is in Western Bohemia and in the north of Regensburg to Nuremburg; Central Bavarian is in the Alps and Lower Austria and Salzburg; South Bavarian is in the Bavarian Alps, Tyrol, Styria, including the Heanzian dialect of Burgenland, Carinthia, northern Italy, and part of Gottschee. Alternate names: Bayerisch, Bavarian Austrian. Dialects: Central Bavarian, North Bavarian, South Bavarian. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, German, Upper German, Bavarian-Austrian More information. Czech [ces] 10,004,800 in Czech Republic (1990 WA). Population total all countries: 11,525,089. Western part, Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia. Also spoken in Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Israel, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine, USA. Alternate names: Cestina. Dialects: Central Bohemian, Czecho-Moravian, Hanak, Lach (Yalach), Northeast Bohemian, Southwest Bohemian. All Czech and Slovak dialects are inherently intelligible to each other's speakers. Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, West, Czech-Slovak More information. Czech Sign Language [cse] Dialects: Partially intelligible with French Sign Language. Classification: Deaf sign language More information. German, Standard [deu] 50,000 in Czech Republic (1998). In the Erzgebirge, a mountain range along the border of Czech Republic. Dialects: Erzgebirgisch. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, German, Middle German, East Middle German More information. Polish [pol] 50,000 in Czech Republic. Alternate names: Polski. Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, West, Lechitic More information. Romani, Carpathian [rmc] 220,000 in Czech Republic (1980 UBS). Population includes Slovakia. Population total all countries: 461,000. Central, Bohemia, and Moravia. Also spoken in Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine, USA. Alternate names: Bashaldo, Romungro, Hungarian-Slovak Romani. Dialects: Moravian Romani, East Slovakian Romani, West Slovakian Romani. Not intelligible with Vlax Romani or Angloromani. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Northern More information. Romani, Sinte [rmo] 5,100 in Czech Republic (2004). Alternate names: Rommanes, Sinte, Sinti, Tsigane. Dialects: Lallere. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Northern More information. Silesian, Lower [sli] Alternate names: Lower Schlesisch. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, German, Middle German, East Middle German Nearly extinct. More information. Extinct languages Knaanic [czk] Extinct. Alternate names: Canaanic, Leshon Knaan, Judeo-Slavic. Dialects: Judeo-Czech. Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, West, Czech-Slovak Capital city: Praha Meaning of the country name: From Čechové (Češi, i.e. Czechs), the name of one of the Slavic tribes on the country's territory, which subdued the neighboring Slavic tribes around 900. The origin of the name of the tribe itself remains unknown. According to a legend, it comes from their leader Čech, who brought them to Bohemia. Most scholarly theories regard Čech as a sort of obscure derivative, i.e. from Četa (military unit). Bohemia (Latin and traditional English variant): after a Celtic tribe Boii. Description flag: The flag of the Czech Republic is the same as the flag of the former Czechoslovakia. Upon the dissolution of Czechoslovakia the Czech Republic kept the Czechoslovak flag while the Slovak Republic adopted its own flag The flag contains red and white colors derived from the ancient Coat of arms of Bohemia; because the flag was almost identical with the Polish flag and had the same colors as the Austrian flag, a blue wedge was added in 1920. (The version without the wedge is identical to the flag of Bohemia.) The blazon is per pall fesswise Argent, Azure, and Gules. The flag has been officially approved by the National Assembly of Czechoslovakia (ČSR) on 30 March 1920. Since then, the flag has been used continuously, excluding the World War II occupation years. Coat of arms: The Coat of Arms of the Czech Republic (Czech: Státní znak České republiky) displays the three historical regions which make up the nation. The arms of Bohemia show a silver double-tailed lion on a red background1. It is repeated in the lower-left-hand side of the coat of arms (from the perspective of the person holding the shield). The Moravian red-and-silver chequered eagle is shown on a blue blackground. The arms of Silesia are a black eagle with the so-called "clover stalk" in his breast on a golden background, although only a small south-eastern part of the historical region of Silesia belongs to the Czech Republic (see Czech Silesia). The shield is also used as the badge for the Czech national football team and Czech national ice hockey team Motto: "Pravda vítězí" National Anthem: Kde domov můj Czech national anthem lyrics Kde domov můj, kde domov můj? Voda hučí po lučinách, bory šumí po skalinách, v sadě skví se jara květ, zemský ráj to na pohled! A to je ta krásná země, země česká domov můj, země česká domov můj! Original Czech lyrics (from Fidlovačka, 1834) Kde domov můj!? Kde domov můj!? Voda hučí po lučinách bory šumí po skalinách, v sadě skví se jara květ zemský ráj to na pohled! a to jest ta krásná země, země česká domov můj! země česká domov můj! Kde domov můj!? Kde domov můj!? V kraji znáš-li bohumilém duše outlé v těle čilém, mysl jasnou, vznik a zdar a tu sílu vzdoru zmar, to je Čechů slavné plemě mezi Čechy domov můj! mezi Čechy domov můj! English translation Where is my home? Where is my home? Waters roar across the meads Pinewoods rustle upon the cliff-rocks, Bloom of spring shines in the orchard, Paradise on Earth to see! And that is the beautiful land, The Czech land, my home! The Czech land, my home! Where is my home? Where is my home? If, in the heavenly land, you have met Tender souls in agile frames, Of clear mind, vigorous and prospering, And with a strength that frustrates all defiance, That is the glorious race of Czechs, Among the Czechs (is) my home! Among the Czechs, my home! Internet Page: www.czech.cz www.czechtourism.com Czech Rep. in diferent languages eng: Czech Republic ast | glg | spa: República Checa ces | slk: Česká republika hrv | slv: Češka republika kin | run: Republika ya Ceke lim | nld: Tsjechische Republiek afr: Tjeggiese Republiek arg: Republica Checa aze: Çex Respublikası / Чех Республикасы bam: Ceki bos: Češka Republika / Чешка Република bre: Republik Tchek cat: República Txeca cor: Repoblek Chek cos: Republica Cecca crh: Çehiya Cumhuriyeti / Чехия Джумхуриети csb: Czeskô Repùblika cym: Gweriniaeth Tsiec dan: Den Tjekkiske Republik deu: Tschechische Republik / Tſchechiſche Republik dsb: Česka republika epo: Ĉeĥa Respubliko est: Tšehhi Vabariik eus: Txekiar errepublika fao: Lýðveldið Kekkia fin: Tšekin tasavalta / Tshekin tasavalta fra: République tchèque frp: Rèpublica tch•èca fry: Tsjechyske Republyk fur: Republiche Ceche gag: Çehiya Respublikası / Чехия Республикасы gla: Poblachd na Seice; Poblachd nan Seacach; Poblachd nan Seic gle: Poblacht na Seice / Poblaċt na Seice glv: Yn Phobblaght Çheck hat: Repiblik Tchèk hau: Czechiya hsb: Čěska republika hun: Cseh Köztársaság ibo: Chekia ina: Republica Chec ind: Republik Ceko / ريڤوبليك چيكو isl: Lýðveldið Tékkland ita: Repubblica Ceca jav: Republik Ceko jnf: Républyique Tchèque kaa: Chex Respublikası / Чех Республикасы kal: Tjekkia kmr: Çêxî / Ч’ехи / چێخی; Çêkî / Ч’еки / چێکی kur: Komara Çekiyayê / کۆمارا چەکیایێ lat: Res Publica Cecha; Res Publica Tzecha; Res Publica Bohemica lav: Čehijas Republika lin: Republiki Sheki lit: Čekijos Respublika lld: Republica Ceca ltz: Tschechesch Republik / Tſchecheſch Republik mlg: Repoblika Tseky mlt: Repubblika Ċeka mol: Republica Cehă / Република Чехэ mri: Taika msa: Republik Czech / ريڤوبليك چيك nds: Tschechisch Republiek / Tſchechiſch Republiek nno: Den tsjekkiske republikken nob: Den tsjekkiske republikk nrm: Républlique tchièque oci: Republica Chèca pol: Republika Czeska por: República Checa; República Tcheca que: Chiksuyu rmy: Republika Čexiya / रेपुब्लिका चेख़िया roh: Republica tscheca ron: Republica Cehă rup: Republica Cehia scn: Ripùbbrica Ceca slo: Cxehju Republik / Чехйу Републик sme: Čeahka republihkka smg: Čekėjės Respoblėka smo: Siekia sqi: Republika Çeke srd: Repùbrica Ceca swa: Jamhuri ya Czech swe: Tjeckiska republiken szl: Rypublika Česko tet: Repúblika Xeka tgl: Republika ng Sek; Republika ng Tsek ton: Lepāpulika Sekí tuk: Çeh Jumhuriýäti / Чех Җумхурийәти tur: Çek Cumhuriyeti uzb: Chexiya Respublikasi / Чехия Республикаси vie: Cộng hòa Séc vol: Tjegän; Tsyegän vor: Tsehhi Vabariik wln: Republike Tcheke wol: Réewum Cek zza: Çekıstan chu: Чешьско (Češĭsko) krc | kum: Чехия (Čeĥija) tyv | udm: Чех Республика (Čeĥ Respublika) abq: Чешска Ареспублика (Češska Arespubłika) alt: Чешский Республика (Češskij Respublika) bak: Чех Республикаһы / Çeĥ Respublikahı bel: Чэшская Рэспубліка / Češskaja Respublika; Чэская Рэспубліка / Českaja Respublika bul: Чешка република (Češka republika) che: Чешски Республика (Čеšski Respublika) chm: Чехий Республика (Čeĥij Respublika) chv: Чехи Республики (Čеĥi Respubliki) kaz: Чех Республикасы / Çex Respwblïkası / چەح رەسپۋبليكاسى kbd: Чешскэ Республикэ (Čеšskă Respublikă) kir: Чех Республикасы (Čeĥ Respublikasy) kjh: Чешскай Республика (Češskaj Respublika) kom: Чешскӧй Республика (Čеšsköj Respublika) mkd: Чешка Република (Češka Republika) mon: Бүгд Найрамдах Чех Улс (Bügd Najramdaĥ Čeĥ Uls) oss: Чехаг Республикӕ (Čeĥag Respublikä) rus: Чешская Республика (Češskaja Respublika) srp: Чешка Република / Češka Republika tat: Чех республикасы / Çex respublikası tgk: Ҷумҳурии Чех / جمهوری چخ / Çumhuriji Cex ukr: Чеська Республіка (Čes'ka Respublika) xal: Чех Таңһч (Čeĥ Taṅġč) ara: جمهورية التشيك (Ǧumhūrīyâtu t-Tišīk) fas: جمهوری چک (Jomhūrī-ye Ček) prs: جمهوری چک (Jomhūrī-ye Ček) pus: چېک جمهوريت (Ček Jumhūriyat) uig: چېخ جۇمھۇرىيىتى / Chéx jumhuriyiti / Чех җумһурийити urd: چیک جمہوریہ (Čæk Jumhūrīyâ); چیک ریپبلک (Čæk Rīpablik) div: ޗެކް ރިޕަބްލިކް (Ček Ripablik) syr: ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܬܫܝܟܝܬܐ (Qūṭniyūtā Tšēkītā) heb: הרפובליקה הצ׳כית (ha-Repûblîqah ha-Čeḫît), הרפובליקה של צ׳כיה (ha-Repûblîqah šel Čeḫyah) lad: ריפובליקה ג'יקה / Republika Cheka yid: טשעכישע רעפּובליק (Tšeḫiše Republik) amh: ቼክ ሪፐብሊክ (Ček Ripäblik) ell-dhi: Τσεχική Δημοκρατία (Tseĥikī́ Dīmokratía) ell-kat: Τσεχικὴ Δημοκρατία (Tseĥikī̀ Dīmokratía) hye: Չեխիայի Հանրապետություն (Č̣eĥiayi Hanrapetouṭyoun) kat: ჩეხეთის რესპუბლიკა (Č̣eĥeṭis respublika) hin: चेक गणराज्य (Ček Gaṇrājyā); चेक रिपब्लिक (Ček Ripablik) nep: चेक रिपब्लिक (Cek Ripablik) ben: চেক প্রজাতন্ত্র (Ček Prôjātôntrô) pan: ਚੈਕ ਗਣਰਾਜ (Čæk Gaṇrāj) kan: ಚೆಕ್ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ (Ček Gaṇarājya) mal: ചെക്ക് റിപ്പബ്ലിക് (Čekk Ṟippablik) tam: செக் குடியரசு (Ček Kuṭiyaraču) tel: చెక్ రిపబ్లిక్ (Ček Ripablik) zho: 捷克共和国 (Jiékè Gōnghéguó) yue: 捷克共和国 (Jithāk Guhngwòhgwok) jpn: チェコ共和国 (Cheko Kyōwakoku) kor: 체코공화국 (Cheko Gonghwaguk) bod: ཅེ་ཁེ་ (Če.kʰe.) dzo: ཅེཀ་རི་པབ་ལིཀ་ (Ček Ri.pab.lik.) mya: ခ္ယက္သမ္မတနုိင္ငံ (Čeʿ Ṯãmátánaĩṅã) tha: สาธารณรัฐเช็ก (Sātʰāronrât Čʰek); สาธารณรัฐเช็ค (Sātʰāronrât Čʰek) lao: ເຊັກກີ (Sekkī) khm: សាធារណរដ្ឋឆេក (Sātʰāroṇrod[tʰ] Čʰek); សាធារណរដ្ឋឆែក (Sātʰāroṇrod[tʰ] Čʰæk)

I meet some good Turkish friends in Erasmus Scholl Program. Wonderful times last year. Is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in Western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. Separating Anatolia and Thrace are the Sea of Marmara and the Turkish Straits (the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles), which are commonly reckoned to delineate the boundary between Europe and Asia, thereby making Turkey a country of significant geostrategic importance. Ethnic Turks form the majority of the population, followed by the Kurds. The predominant religion in Turkey is Islam and its official language is Turkish. Turkey is the successor state to the Ottoman Empire.It is a democratic, secular, unitary, constitutional republic, with an ancient and historical cultural heritage. Its political system was established in 1923 under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, following the fall of the Ottoman Empire in the aftermath of World War I. Since then, Turkey has become increasingly integrated with the West through membership in organizations such as the Council of Europe, NATO, OECD, WEOG, OSCE and the G-20 major economies. Turkey began full membership negotiations with the European Union in 2005, having been an associate member of the European Economic Community since 1963 and having reached a customs union agreement in 1995. Turkey has also fostered close cultural, political, economic and industrial relations with the Eastern world, particularly with the Middle East and the Turkic states of Central Asia, through membership in organizations such as the Organisation of the Islamic Conference and Economic Cooperation Organization. Turkey is classified as a developed country by the CIA and as a regional power by political scientists and economists worldwide. History Please go to en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Turkey Geography Please go to en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Turkey Other info Oficial name: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Succession to the Ottoman Empire - War of Independence May 19, 1919 - Formation of Parliament April 23, 1920 - Declaration of Republic October 29, 1923 Area: 772.452 km2 Inhabitants: 74 709 412 Languages: Türkçe (IN ASIA) Abaza [abq] 10,000 in Turkey (1995). Alternate names: Abazin, Tapanta, Abazintsy, Ahuwa. Dialects: Tapanta, Ashkaraua (Ashkar), Bezshagh. Classification: North Caucasian, West Caucasian, Abkhaz-Abazin More information. Abkhaz [abk] 4,000 in Turkey (1980). Ethnic population: 39,000 in Turkey (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk). Coruh in northeast Turkey, and some in northwest. Mainly villages in Bolu and Sakarya provinces. Alternate names: Abxazo. Dialects: Bzyb, Abzhui, Samurzakan. Classification: North Caucasian, West Caucasian, Abkhaz-Abazin More information. Adyghe [ady] 277,900 in Turkey (2000). 6,409 monolinguals (1965 census). Ethnic population: 130,000 in Turkey (1965 census). Villages in Kayseri, Tokat, Karaman Maras, and many other provinces in central and western Anatolia. Alternate names: Adygey, Circassian, Cherkes. Classification: North Caucasian, West Caucasian, Circassian More information. Arabic, North Mesopotamian Spoken [ayp] 400,000 in Turkey (1992). Mardin and Siirt provinces. Alternate names: Syro-Mesopotamian Vernacular Arabic. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic More information. Azerbaijani, South [azb] 530,000 in Turkey. Kars Province. Alternate names: Azeri. Dialects: Kars. Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Azerbaijani More information. Crimean Turkish [crh] It is not known how many still speak it in Turkey, though there are definitely some Crimean Tatar villages, such as Karakuyu in Polatli District of Ankara Province. Alternate names: Crimean Tatar. Dialects: Northern Crimean (Crimean Nogai, Steppe Crimean), Central Crimean, Southern Crimean. Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Southern More information. Dimli [diq] 1,000,000 in Turkey (1999 WA). Between 1.5 and 2.5 million speakers (including all dialects) (1998 Paul). East central, mainly in Elazig, Bingol, and Diyarbakir provinces, upper courses of the Euphrates, Kizilirmaq, and Murat rivers. Also spoken in Germany. Alternate names: Dimili, Zazaki, Southern Zaza, Zaza. Dialects: Sivereki, Kori, Hazzu (Hazo), Motki (Moti), Dumbuli (Dumbeli). Several dialects. Related to Gurani group. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Zaza-Gorani More information. Georgian [kat] 40,000 in Turkey (1980). 4,042 monolinguals (1965 census). Ethnic population: 91,000. Villages in Artvin, Ordu, Sakarya, and other provinces of north and northwest Anatolia. Alternate names: Kartuli, Gruzin. Dialects: Imerxev. Classification: Kartvelian, Georgian More information. Hértevin [hrt] 1,000 (1999 H. Mutzafi). Originally Siirt Province. They have left their villages, most emigrating to the West, but some may still be in Turkey. Dialects: Hértevin Proper (Arton), Umraya, Jinet. Considerable differences from other Northeastern Aramaic varieties, and not intelligible with any or most of them. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern More information. Kabardian [kbd] 550,000 in Turkey (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk). Most around Kayseri. 1,000 villages of Kabardian and Adyghe in Turkey. Classification: North Caucasian, West Caucasian, Circassian More information. Kazakh [kaz] 600 in Turkey (1982). Salihli town in Manisa Province, and an unknown number in Istanbul city; 308 in Kayseri Province; refugees from Afghanistan, now Turkish citizens. Alternate names: Kazakhi, Qazaqi, Kazax, Kosach, Kaisak. Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Western, Aralo-Caspian More information. Kirghiz [kir] 1,137 in Turkey (1982). Van and Kars provinces. Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Western, Aralo-Caspian More information. Kirmanjki [kiu] 140,000 in Turkey. Population includes 100,000 in 182 villages in Tunceli Province, 40,000 in 13 or more villages in Erzincan Province (1972). Tunceli Province, Tunceli Merkez, Hozat, Nazmiye, Pülümür, and Ovacik subprovinces; Erzincan Province, Erzincan and Cayirli subprovinces; 8 or more villages in Elazig Province, Elazig Merkez and Karakoqan subprovinces; 3 villages in Bingöl Province, Kigi and Karkiova subprovinces; 46 villages in Mush Province, Varto Subprovince; 15 or more villages in Sivas Province, Zara, Imranli, Kangal, and Divrigi subprovinces; 11 or more villages in Erzerum Province, Hinis and Tekman subprovinces; and in many major cities of Turkey. Also spoken in Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom. Alternate names: Zaza, Northern Zaza, Zazaki, Alevica, Dimilki, Dersimki, So-Bê, Zonê Ma. Dialects: Tunceli, Varto. Closest to Dimli. Lexical similarity 70% with Dimli. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Zaza-Gorani More information. Kumyk [kum] A few villages. Alternate names: Kumuk, Kumuklar, Kumyki. Dialects: Khasav-Yurt, Buinak, Khaidak. Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Western, Ponto-Caspian More information. Kurdish, Northern [kmr] 3,950,000 in Turkey (1980). Population total all countries: 9,113,505. Ethnic population: 6,500,000 in Turkey (1993 Johnstone). The majority are in provinces of Hakkari, Siirt, Mardin, Agri, Diyarbakir, Bitlis, Bingol, Van, Adiyaman, and Mus. Also in Urfa, Kars, Tunceli, Malatya, Erzurum, Marash, Sivas, and other provinces. Communities in central Turkey (Cankiri, Cihanbeyli, near Konya). Many live in large cities in western Turkey (including Istanbul, Adana, Ankara, Izmir). Also spoken in Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Netherlands, Norway, Russia (Europe), Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, USA. Alternate names: Kurmanji, Kurmancî, Kirmancî, Kermancî, Kurdi, Kurdî. Dialects: Boti (Botani), Marashi, Ashiti, Bayezidi, Hekari, Shemdinani. Differences in speaking among dialects, but all use the same written form. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish More information. Laz [lzz] 30,000 in Turkey (1980). Population total all countries: 33,000. Ethnic population: 92,000 in Turkey (1980). Rize in northeast, towns of Kemer, Atin, Artasen, Vitse, Arkab, Hopa, Sarp; and villages in Artvin, Sakarya, Kocaeli, and Bolu provinces. Also spoken in Belgium, France, Georgia, Germany, USA. Alternate names: Lazuri, Laze, Chan, Chanzan, Zan, Chanuri. Dialects: Officially considered to be a single language with Mingrelian, called 'Zan', although linguists recognize that they are not inherently intelligible with each other. Classification: Kartvelian, Zan More information. Osetin [oss] The Digor dialect is reported to be in Bitlis and another small town in the west. Iron dialect in cities or towns of Sarikamis and Erzerum. Also in Mugla, Kars, Antalya. May also be in Syria. Alternate names: Ossete. Dialects: Digor, Tagaur, Kurtat, Allagir, Tual, Iron. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Northeastern More information. Turkish [tur] 46,278,000 in Turkey (1987). Population total all countries: 50,625,794. Spoken throughout Turkey as first or second language. Also spoken in Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Denmark, El Salvador, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Honduras, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia, Netherlands, Romania, Russia (Asia), Serbia and Montenegro, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, USA, Uzbekistan. Alternate names: Türkçe, Türkisch, Anatolian. Dialects: Danubian, Eskisehir, Razgrad, Dinler, Rumelian, Karamanli, Edirne, Gaziantep, Urfa. Danubian is western; other dialects are eastern. Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Turkish More information. Turkish Sign Language [tsm] Classification: Deaf sign language More information. Turkmen [tuk] 925 in Turkey (1982). Tokat Province. Alternate names: Trukhmen. Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Turkmenian More information. Turoyo [tru] 3,000 in Turkey (1994 Hezy Mutzafi). Population total all countries: 84,000. Ethnic population: 50,000 to 70,000 (1994). Southeastern Turkey, Mardin Province (originally). Also spoken in Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Germany, Iraq, Lebanon, Netherlands, Sweden, Syria, USA. Alternate names: Suryoyo, Syryoyo, Turani, Süryani. Dialects: Midyat, Midin, Kfarze, `Iwardo, Anhil, Raite. Related to Northeastern Aramaic varieties. Turoyo subdialects exhibit a cleavage between Town Turoyo (Midyat Turoyo), Village Turoyo, and Mixed (Village-Town) Turoyo. The latter is spoken mainly by the younger generation outside Tur `Abdin, Turkey, the language’s original location, and is gaining ground throughout the Jacobite diaspora in other countries. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northwestern More information. Uyghur [uig] 500 in Turkey (1981). Kayseri city, and an unknown number in Istanbul. Possibly in Iran. Alternate names: Uighur, Uygur, Uigur. Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Eastern More information. Uzbek, Southern [uzs] 1,981 in Turkey (1982). Hatay, Gaziantep, and Urfa provinces. Also possibly in Germany. Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Eastern More information. Extinct languages Syriac [syc] Extinct. Turkey, Iraq, and Syria. Also spoken in Iraq. Alternate names: Classical Syriac, Ancient Syriac, Suryaya, Suryoyo, Lishana Atiga. Dialects: Western Syriac, Eastern Syriac. The Syrian churches: Eastern (Nestorian), Syrian Orthodox (Jacobite), Syrian Catholic (Melkite, Maronite) developed a vast literature based on the Edessa (currently Sanliurfa, southeastern Turkey) variety of the Syrian dialect. The Assyrian group (see Assyrian Neo-Aramaic in Iraq and elsewhere) separated denominationally from the Chaldean (see Chaldean Neo-Aramaic in Iraq) and Jacobite (see Turoyo in Turkey and Syria) in the Middle Ages. Neo-Eastern Aramaic languages spoken by Christians are often dubbed 'Neo-Syriac', although not directly descended from Syriac. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern (IN EUROPE) Albanian, Tosk [als] 15,000 in Turkey (1980). 1,075 monolinguals (1965 census). Ethnic population: 65,000 in Turkey. Scattered in western Turkey. Classification: Indo-European, Albanian, Tosk More information. Armenian [hye] 40,000 in Turkey (1980). 1,022 monolinguals (1965 census). Ethnic population: 70,000 in Turkey (1980). Many in Istanbul, and a few scattered across eastern Turkey. The Hemshin (Hamshen) are Armenian Muslims, living near the Laz. Alternate names: Haieren, Somkhuri, Ermenice, Armjanski. Dialects: Eastern Armenian. Classification: Indo-European, Armenian More information. Balkan Gagauz Turkish [bgx] 327,000 in Turkey (1993 Johnstone). Population includes 7,000 Surguch (1965) and 320,000 Yuruk. Population total all countries: 331,000. Yuruk dialect on the west coast in Macedonia. Also spoken in Greece, Macedonia. Alternate names: Balkan Turkic. Dialects: Gajol, Gerlovo Turks, Karamanli, Kyzylbash, Surguch, Tozluk Turks, Yuruk (Yoruk, Konyar). Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Turkish More information. Bulgarian [bul] 300,000 in Turkey (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk). Population includes refugees from Bulgaria. Scattered in Edirne and other western provinces. Alternate names: Pomak. Dialects: Pomak. Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, South, Eastern More information. Domari [rmt] 28,461 in Turkey (2000 WCD). Mainly in western Turkey, some in eastern Turkey. Alternate names: Middle Eastern Romani, Tsigene, Gypsy. Dialects: Karachi, Beludji, Marashi. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Dom More information. Greek [ell] 4,000 in Turkey (1993). Istanbul city. Classification: Indo-European, Greek, Attic More information. Ladino [lad] 8,000 in Turkey (1976). Ethnic population: 15,000. Mainly in Istanbul; some in Izmirin. Alternate names: Dzhudezmo, Judeo Spanish, Sefardi, Judezmo, Hakitia, Haketia, Spanyol. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Castilian More information. Pontic [pnt] 4,535 in Turkey (1965 Mackridge). Northest Turkey, easternmost part of Pontic-speaking region. Classification: Indo-European, Greek, Attic More information. Romani, Balkan [rmn] 25,000 Arlija in Turkey. Dialects: Arlija (Erli). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Balkan More information. Serbian [srp] 20,000 in Turkey (1980). 2,345 monolinguals (1965 census). Ethnic population: 61,000. Scattered in western Turkey. Alternate names: Bosnian. Classification: Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western More information. Tatar [tat] Istanbul and perhaps other places. Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Western, Uralian More information. Extinct languages Ubykh [uby] Extinct. Haci Osman village, near the Sea of Marmara, near Istanbul. Alternate names: Ubyx, Pekhi, Oubykh. Classification: North Caucasian, West Caucasian, Ubyx Capital city: Ankara Meaning country name: The Turkish name Türkiye subdivides into two words: Türk, which refers to "strong" in Turkish and usually signifies the habitants of Turkey or a member of Turkish nation; and the Arabic suffix iye which means "owner" or "related to". The root appears commonly among early Altaic tribal ethnonyms, and also appears in the name of the modern inhabitants of Turkmenistan. Rum (Р'ом, ڕۆم Kurdish variant): after the Sultanate of Rüm. When the Persians met the Byzantines, these called themselves Rhomaioi ("Romans"), which gave the name Rüm to the region where the Turks would settle. Description Flag: The flag of Turkey consists of a white crescent moon and a star on a red background. The flag is called Ay Yıldız (literally, moon star) or al sancak (red banner) in Turkish. The flag has a complex origin since it is an ancient design, and is practically identical to the last flag of the Ottoman Empire which was adopted in 1844, as part of the Tanzimat reforms. The geometric proportions of the flag were legally standardized with the Turkish Flag Law in 1936. Coat of arms: The Republic of Turkey is one of the states that do not have an official coat of arms. There exists a logo used by many government institutions. The logo is a red oval containing a vertically-oriented crescent and star from the Turkish flag surrounded by the official name of the country in Turkish. In 1925, the Ministry of Education (Maarif Vekili, now Eğitim Bakanlığı) initiated a competition to select a national coat of arms. The winner was the design by painter Namık İsmail Bey. However, the choice was not approved as an official coat of arms. This coat of arms contain a vertical crescent and star and a wolf. Motto: " Yurtta Sulh, Cihanda Sulh " National Anthem: İstiklâl Marşı Turkish lyrics Korkma, sönmez bu şafaklarda yüzen al sancak; Sönmeden yurdumun üstünde tüten en son ocak. O benim milletimin yıldızıdır, parlayacak; O benimdir, o benim milletimindir ancak. Çatma, kurban olayım çehreni ey nazlı hilâl! Kahraman ırkıma bir gül! Ne bu şiddet bu celâl? Sana olmaz dökülen kanlarımız sonra helâl, Hakkıdır, Hakk'a tapan, milletimin istiklâl! Ben ezelden beridir hür yaşadım, hür yaşarım. Hangi çılgın bana zincir vuracakmış? Şaşarım! Kükremiş sel gibiyim, bendimi çiğner aşarım; Yırtarım dağları, enginlere sığmam, taşarım. Garbın âfakını sarmışsa çelik zırhlı duvar, Benim iman dolu göğsüm gibi serhaddim var. Ulusun, korkma! Nasıl böyle bir imanı boğar. "Medeniyet!" dediğin tek dişi kalmış canavar? Arkadaş! Yurduma alçakları uğratma sakın! Siper et gövdeni, dursun bu hayasızca akın. Doğacaktır sana vaadettiği günler Hakk'ın; Kimbilir, belki yarın, belki yarından da yakın. Bastığın yerleri "toprak" diyerek geçme, tanı! Düşün, altında binlerce kefensiz yatanı! Sen şehit oğlusun, incitme, yazıktır atanı; Verme, dünyaları alsan da bu cennet vatanı. Kim bu cennet vatanın uğruna olmaz ki feda? Şüheda fışkıracak toprağı sıksan, şüheda! Canı, cananı, bütün varımı alsın da Hüda, Etmesin tek vatanımdan beni dünyada cüda. Ruhumun senden, ilahi, şudur ancak emeli; Değmesin mabedimin göğsüne na-mahrem eli! Bu ezanlar ki şahadetleri dinin temeli, Ebedi yurdumun üstünde benim inlemeli. O zaman vecd ile bin secde eder varsa taşım; Her cerihamdan, ilahi, boşanıp kanlı yaşım, Fışkırır ruh-i mücerret gibi yerden na'aşım; O zaman yükselerek arşa değer belki başım! Dalgalan sen de şafaklar gibi ey şanlı hilâl; Olsun artık dökülen kanlarımın hepsi helâl! Ebediyyen sana yok, ırkıma yok izmihlâl. Hakkıdır, hür yaşamış bayrağımın hürriyet; Hakkıdır, Hakk'a tapan milletimin istiklâl! English translation Fear not! For the crimson flag that proudly ripples in this glorious twilight, shall never fade, Before the last fiery hearth that is ablaze within my nation is extinguished. For That is the star of my nation, and it will forever shine; It is mine; and solely belongs to my valiant nation. Frown not, I beseech you, oh thou coy crescent, But smile upon my heroic race! Why the anger, why the rage? ¹ Our blood which we shed for you will not be blessed otherwise; For freedom is the absolute right of my God-worshiping nation. I have been free since the beginning and forever will be so. What madman shall put me in chains! I defy the very idea! I'm like the roaring flood; powerful and independent, I'll tear apart mountains, exceed the heavens ² and still gush out! The lands of the West may be armored with walls of steel, But I have borders guarded by the mighty chest of a believer. Recognize your innate strength, my friend! And think: how can this fiery faith ever be killed, By that battered, single-fanged monster you call "civilization"? ³ My friend! Leave not my homeland to the hands of villainous men! Render your chest as armor and your body as trench! Stop this disgraceful rush! For soon shall come the joyous days of divine promise... Who knows? Perhaps tomorrow? Perhaps even sooner! View not the soil you tread on as mere earth, recognize it! And think about the shroudless thousands who lie so nobly beneath you. You're the noble son of a martyr, take shame, hurt not your ancestor! Unhand not, even when you're promised worlds, this paradise of a homeland. What man would not die for this heavenly piece of land? Martyrs would gush out were one to just squeeze the soil! Martyrs! May God take all my loved ones and possessions from me if He will, But may He not deprive me of my one true homeland for the world. Oh glorious God, the sole wish of my pain-stricken heart is that, No heathen's hand should ever touch the bosom of my sacred Temples. These adhans, whose shahadahs are the foundations of my religion, And may their noble sound last loud and wide over my eternal homeland. For only then, shall my fatigued tombstone, if there is one, prostrate ⁴ a thousand times in ecstasy, And tears of fiery blood shall flow out of my every wound, And my lifeless body shall gush out from the earth like an eternal spirit, Perhaps only then, shall I peacefully ascend and at long last reach the heavens. So flap and wave like the bright dawning sky, oh thou glorious crescent, So that our every last drop of blood may finally be worthy! Neither you nor my race shall ever be extinguished! For freedom is the absolute right of my ever-free flag; For freedom is the absolute right of my God-worshiping nation! Internet Page: www.cankaya.gov.tr www.tourismturkey.org www.gototurkey.co.uk www.turkeitourism.com Turkey in diferent languages eng: Turkey cos | ina | ita | lld | rup | scn: Turchia bre | eus | pap | srd | tet: Turkia arg | ast | glg | spa: Turquía kin | que | run | tgl: Turkiya cat | oci | por: Turquia ces | slk: Turecko cor | jav: Turki fra | frp: Turquie fry | nld: Turkije ind | msa: Turki / توركي isl | non: Tyrkland lit | mlt: Turkija mfe | wol: Tirki roh-enb | roh-eno: Türchia afr: Turkye aze: Türkiyə / Түркијә bam: Tiriki bos: Turska / Турска crh: Türkiye / Тюркие csb: Turcëjô; Tureckô; Tëreckô cym: Twrci dan: Tyrkiet deu: Türkei / Türkei dsb: Turkojska epo: Turkujo; Turkio est: Türgi fao: Turkaland fin: Turkki fur: Turchie gag: Türkiyä / Тӱркийӓ gla: An Tuirc gle: An Tuirc / An Tuirc glv: Yn Turkee hat: Tiki hau: Turkiya; Turkey; Santambul hrv: Turska hsb: Turkowska hun: Törökország ibo: Taki jnf: Turtchie kaa: Tuʻrkiya / Түркия kal: Tyrk Nunaat; Tyrkia kmr: Tûrkî / Т’урки / توورکی; Tirkî / Т’ьрки / ترکی; Rom / Р’ом / ڕۆم kur: Tirkiye / ترکیه lat: Turcia lav: Turcija lim: Törkieë; Törkije lin: Turkí ltz: Tierkei / Tierkei lug: Buturuki mlg: Torkia mol: Turcia / Турчия mri: Tāke nds: Törkie / Törkie nor: Tyrkia nrm: Turqùie pol: Turcja rmy: Turkiya / तुर्किया roh-gri: Tirchia roh-srs: Terchia ron: Turcia slo: Turcia / Турциа; Turczem / Турцзем slv: Turčija sme: Durka smg: Torkėjė smo: Teki som: Turki; Turkiya sqi: Turqia swa: Uturuki swe: Turkiet szl: Turcyjo ton: Toake tuk: Türkiýe / Түркие tur: Türkiye uzb: Turkiya / Туркия vie: Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ vol: Türkän vor: Türgü wln: Turkeye zul: iTheki zza: Tırkiya alt | bul | kjh | kom | rus | tyv | udm: Турция (Turcija) ava | kum: Туркия (Turkija) che | chv: Турци (Turci) mon | oss: Турк (Turk) abk: Ҭырқәҭәыла (Ṭərḳʷṭʷəla) abq: Трыкв (Trəkʷ); ТрыквчӀвыла (Trəkʷč̣ʷəła); Турция (Turcija) ady: Тыркуй (Tərkʷj) bak: Төркиә / Törkiä bel: Турцыя / Turcyja; Турэччына / Tureččyna chm: Турций (Turcij) kaz: Түркия / Türkïya / تۇركيا kbd: Тырку (Tərkʷ); Турцие (Turcie) kir: Түркия (Türkija) krc: Тюрк (Türk); Турция (Turcija) mkd: Турција (Turcija) sah: Түркийэ (Türkijä) srp: Турска / Turska tat: Төркия / Törkiä tgk: Туркия / ترکیه / Turkija ukr: Туреччина (Tureččyna) xal: Түрк (Türk) ara: تركيا (Turkīyā) ckb: تورکیا / Turkiya; Turkya fas: ترکیه / Torkiye prs: ترکیه (Torkīyâ) pus: ترکيه (Turkiyâ) snd: ترڪي (Turkī) uig: تۈركىيە / Türkiye / Түркийә urd: ترکی (Turkī); ترکیہ (Turkīyâ) div: ޓަރްކީ (Ṫarkī) syr: ܬܘܪܟܝܐ (Tūrkiyā) heb: תורכיה (Tûrkiyah); טורקיה (Ṭûrqiyah); טורכיה (Ṭûrkiyah) lad: טורקיה / Turkia yid: טערקײַ (Terkay) amh: ቱርክ (Turk) ell: Τουρκία (Toyrkía) hye: Թուրքիա (Ṭourḳia) kat: თურქეთი (Ṭurḳeṭi) hin: तुर्की (Turkī); टर्की (Ṭarkī) nep: टर्की (Ṭarkī) ben: তুরস্ক (Turôskô) guj: તુર્કસ્તાન (Turkastān) pan: ਤੁਰਕੀ (Turkī) kan: ತುರ್ಕಿ (Turki); ಟರ್ಕಿ (Ṭarki) mal: തുര്ക്കി (Turkki) tam: துருக்கி (Turukki) tel: టర్కీ (Ṭarkī) zho: 土耳其 (Tǔ'ěrqí) yue: 土耳其 (Tóuyíhkèih) jpn: トルコ (Toruko) kor: 터키 (Teoki) bod: ཐུར་ཀེས་ (Tʰur.kes.); ཏུར་ཀི་ (Tur.ki.); ཐུར་ཅི་ (Tʰur.či.) mya: တူရကီ (Tuẏáki) tha: ตุรกี (Tunkī) lao: ຕວຽກກີ (Twaẏkkī) khm: ទួរគី (Tuarkī); តួរគី (Tuarkī); ទុរ៍គី (Tu[r]kī)