Kalila and Dimna, in Arabic, Syria?, 1354. Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford, MS. Pococke 400, fol. 75b NEW YORK, NY.- England’s Bodleian Library at Oxford University, established by Sir Thomas Bodley in 1602 and now the largest of the University’s...

1. "Cotton Candy" is called "Fairy Floss" in Australia, "Grandma's Hair" in Hebrew, "Father's Beard" in French, "Ghost's Breath" in Afrikaans, "Doll's Wig" in India and "Girl's Hair" in Arabic.

It was Iraq's 'Garden of Eden'; unique wetlands in southern Iraq where a people known as the Ma'dan, or 'Arabs of the marsh', lived in a Mesopotamian Venice, characterised by beautifully elaborate floating houses made entirely of reeds harvested from the open water. These little-known architectur

Multidisciplinary artist Daniel Popper recently worked on new large scale sculptural works. "UMI" - meaning life in Swahili and mother in Arabic, is 1 of 5 new works of Daniel Popper from the Human+Nature exhibition opening at the Morton Arboretum.For this exhibition the artist tried to expl

What started as simple apple pies quickly turned into elaboratetried Arab staple from Jordan, Luqaimat, that I truly fell in love with a dessert.

TAJWEED Tajweed ki tareef :- Tajweed ke laghvi mana sawarna khoobsurat banana hai aur khurra ki istelah mein jumla khawayidein mukharara ke saath Quraan e majeed ko sawaar kar padhna ko tajweed kehte hai. ZAROORAT-E-TAJWEED IS ILM KI FARZIYAT KITABULLAH AUR SUNNAT-E-RASOOL DONO SE SABIT HAI. ALLAH PAK KA IRSHAAD: وَ رَتِّلِ الْـقُرْآنَ تَرْتِیْلاً ۝ TARJUMA: AUR PADH QURAN KO SAAF SAAF RAUSHAN. IS AYAT MEY TARTEEL SE MURAD TAJWEED HAI. الَّذِیْنَ اَعْطَیْنٰھُمْ الْکِتَابَ یَتْلُوْنَهُ حَقَّ تِلَاوَتِهٖ TARJUMA: JIN LOGON KO HUMNE QURAN DIYA WO ISKO PADHTE REHTE HAIN JAISE KE USKA PADHNE KA HAQ HAI YAANI, SAAF SAAF SAHI IBARAT KE MUWAFIZ PADHE TAA KE MAINE WA MATLAB DURUST RAHE. HUZOOR (SAWS) KA IRSHAD HAI : TUM MEIN BEHTAR WO SHAKS HAI JISNE QURAN SIKHA AUR SIKHAYA WA NEEZ IRSHAD FARMAYA BAHUT SE QURAN PADHNE WALE AYISE BHI HAIN KE QURAN-E-MAJEED UNPAR L’ANAT KARTA HAIN KYUN KI WO IN USOOL E TILAWAT KE KHILAAF PADHTE HAIN. Tajweed ka hukum:- Quraan-e-majeed ko tajweed ke saath padhna har musalmaan mard aur aurat par farz hai. Jo, Quraan-e-majeed ko tajweed se na padhe woh gunahgaar hai. Tajweed ke buniyaadi vasul 5 hai:- 1) Makharij-e- huroof 2) Sifaat-e -huroof 3) Huroof wo kalimaat ka wasl 4) Waqf 5) Ibteda 1.MAKHRAJ KA BAYAN Makhraj ki Tareef:- Harf ke nikalne ki jagah ko makhraj kehte hai makhraj ki jama makhaarij hai. Makhraj ki pehchaan:- Harf ke ada karne mein jis jagah awaaz taherti hai wohi uska makhraj hai. KUL MAKHRAJ 17 HAI · Pehla makhraj:- JOUFI Halaq aur moo ke khali hisse se teen huroof Waw ( و), Alif ( ا ), Yaa ( ي ), nikalte hai. · Doosra makhraj:- HALAKHI Aakhri halaq se jo seene ki taraf hai doo huroof Hamzah ( ء ), Haa ( ہ ) nikalte hai. · Teesra makhraj:- HALAKHI Darmiyani halaq se doo huroof Aain ( ع ), Haa ( ح ) nikalte hai. · Chautha makhraj:- HALAKHI Aakhri halaq se jo moo ki taraf hai doo huroof Ghain ( غ ), Kha ( خ ), nikalte hai. Note:-Hamza – Haa, Aain – Haa, Ghain – kha in 6 huroof ko huroof-e-halakhi aur huroof-e- izhaar bhi kehte hai. · Paanchva makhraj:- GALSAMI Zuban ki jadd aur parjeeb ke andar se ek harf Qaaf ( ق) nikalta hai. · Chatva makhraj:- AKDI Zuban ki jadd aur parjeeb ke bahar se ek harf kaaf ( ک ) nikalta hai. · Saatva makhraj:- SHAJARI Beech Zuban aur uske mukhabil beech taalu se teen huroof Jeem( ج ), Sheen ( ش ), Ya ( ی ) gair maddah nikalte hai, · Aaatva makhraj:- ZARSI Bazu-e- Zuban ka kinara aur upar ke sidhein yaa baayein dadoon se ek harf zuaad ( ض ), nikalta hai. · Nauva makhraj:- ZALKHI Noke Zuban aur tarak ke masodoon se ek harf Laam ( ل ), nikalta hai. · Dasva makhraj:- ZALKHI Noke Zuban aur upar ke darmiyani datoon ke masodoon se ek harf Noon (ن ) nikalta hai. · Gyarava makhraj:- ZALKHI Noke Zuban ki peet aur upar ke darmiyani datoon ke masodoon se ek harf Raa ( ر ), nikalta hai. · Barava makhraj:- NUTEE Noke Zuban aur upar ke darmiyani datoon ki jadd se teen huroof Taw ( ط ), Daal ( د ), Taa ( ت ) nikalte hai. · Terava makhraj:- ASLI Noke Zuban aur neeche ke darmiyani datoon ke kinaroon se teen huroof Swad ( ص ), Zaa ( ز ), seen ( س ) nikalte hai. · Chudava makhraj:- LISAVI Noke Zuban aur upar ke dariyani datoon ke kinaroon se 3 huroof Zaw ( ظ ), Zaal ( ذ ), Saa ( ث ) nikalte hai. · Pandrava makhraj:- SHAFAVI Neeche ke hont ka payth aur upar ke darmiyani datoon ke kinaroon se ek harf Faa ( ف ) nikalta hai. · Soulava makhraj:- SHAFAVI Donoo hotoon se teen huroof Ba ( ب ), Meem ( م ), Vaw ( و ) nikalte hai. · Satrava makhraj:- KHAISHUMI Naak ke baanse se doo huroof Noon ( ن ), Meem ( م ), ghunna aur ikhfa ki haalat mein nikalte hai. HUROOF-E-MADDAH KA BAYAAN Huroof-e-maddah 3 hai Waw (و), Alif (ا ), Yaa (ی). Jab ke ye khud saakin ho aur apne pehle muaafikh harkat rakhein yaane Waw saakin se pehle pesh ho jaise (رَسُوْلُ ) yaa saakin se pehle zayr ho jaise (دِیْنٌ) Alif se pehle zabar ho jaise (قَالَ). NOTE:- Huroof-e-maddah ki miqdaare kashish ek Alif ya doo harkat ke barabar hai. 2. LAAM-E-JALAALA KA BAYAAN LAAM-E-JALAALA KI TAAREEF:- Laame Jalaala lafze “ALLAH” ke darmiyaani Laam ( الله ), ko kehte hai. LAAM-E-JALAALA KE DO QAIDE HAI:- 1. Moota 2. Barik I. Laam-e-jalaala ko moota padhne ka Qaida :- Agar lafz-e-Allah ke darmiyaani laam ( ل ) se pehle zabar ya pesh hoto lafz-e-Allah ke darmiyaani laam ( ل ) ko moota padhienge. Jaise رَسُوْلُ اللهِ قَالَ اللهُ اَللهُ II. Laam-e-jalaala ko baarik padhne ka Qaida. Agar lafz-e-Allah ke darmyaani laam ( ل ) se pehle zeir hai to lafz-e-Allah ke darmiyaani laam ( ل ), ko baarik padheinge. Jaise بَلِ اللهُ بَسْمِ اللهِ NOTE:- Laame jalaala ke alava doosre laam ( ل ), hamesha baarik padha jayega تِلْكَ ذٰلِكَ اِلَّا اِلٰهٌ 3. RAA KE KHAIDE Raa ko moota padhne ke 5 khaide hai:- 1) Raa par zabar, pesh, 2 zabar, 2 pesh hoto raa ko moota padheinge. 2) Raa saakin se pehle zabar ya pesh hoto raa moota padheinge. 3) Raa saakin se pehle ka harf saakin ho uss se pehle zabar ya pesh hoto Raa ko moota padheinge 4) Raa saakin ke baad huroof-e-mustaalia (Sawd, Zawd, Taw, Zaw, Ghian, Khaa aur Qaaf) mein se koi harf aye to raa ko moota padheinge. 5) Raa saakin se pehle aarze zayrr hoto raa ko moota padheinge. Raa ko baarik padhne ke khaide:- 1) Raa par zayrr, 2 zayrr, khada zayrr, hoto baarik padheinge. 2) Raa saakin ho uss se pehle zayrr, ho to raa ko baarik padheinge. 3) Raa saakin se pehle ka harf saakin ho uss se pehle zare hoto raa ko baarik padheinge. 4) Raa saakin uss se pehle yaa saakin hoto raa ko baarik padheinge. Note 1 :- emalah ki halat mein bhi raa baarik padhe jaayeinge jaise Majreeha isko lafz-e-sitaree ki tarah padheinge. Note 2 :- Sureh shoura mein lafz-e-Firkhin ki raa ko baarik aur moota dono tarah se padhna jayez hai lekin baarik padhna behtar hai, issi tarha Alkhitr ki raa ko baarik padhna behtar hai. 4. NOON SAAKIN AUR TANVEEN KA BAYAAN Noon saakin jazam wale noon ko kehte hai. Tanveen doo zabar, doo zare, doo pesh ko kehta hai. Taveen me noon ki aawaz aati hai. NOON SAAKIN AUR TANVEEN KE 4 KHAIDE HAI:- 1) Izhaar 2) Edhghaam 3) Qalb 4) Ikhfa 1.Izhaar ki taareef:- Noon ki aawaz ko saaf zaahir kar ke padne ko izhaar kehte hai. Izhaar ke 6 huroof hai:- Hamzah ( ء ), Haa ( ھ ), Aain ( ع ), Haa ( ح ), Ghain ( غ ), Kha ( خ ). IZHAAR KA QAIDA:- Noon saakin yaa taveen ke baad izhaar ke 6 huroof me se koi harf aie to noon ki awaz ko saaf zahir kar ke padhinge jaise Man-aamana (مَنْ ءَامَنَ) Edhghaam ki tareef:- Saakin harf ko mutaharik harf me dakhil karke padhne ko Edhgham kehte hai. edhghaam ke 6 huroof hai:- Yaa( ي ), Raa( ر ), Meem( م ),Laam( ل ), Waw ( و ), Noon( ن ). 2.Edhghaam ki do khisme hai:- 1) Edhghaam-e-Maalghunna 2) Edhghaam –e- Bilaghunna Ghunna:- Aawaz ko naak me ghuma kar padhne ko ghunna kehte hai. Edhghaam-e-maalghna ke 4 huroof hai:- Yaa ( ي ), Noon( ن ), Meem( م ),Waw( و ). Edhgham-e- maal ghunna ke Qaida:- Noon saakin ya tanveen ke baad edhgham maalghunna ke 4 huroof me se koi harf aie to edhghaam maalghunna hoga. Jaise (مَنْ یَّعْمَلُ, maiyaamalu ) Edhghaam-e- Bilaaghunna ka Qaida:- Noon saakin ya taveen ke baad laam aur Raa me se koi harf aye to edhghaam bilaghunna hoga jaise (مِنْ رَّبِّھِـمْ). Note:- Noon-e-sakin ke baad yaa (ي), Waw (و), meem (م) ek hi kalime mein vaakhe hone ki vajah se edhghaam aur ghunna nahi hoga, balke noon ka izhaar hoga. صِنْوَانٌ قِنْوَانٌ بُنْیَانٌ دُنْیَا Note:- Yaaseen, Wal Quraan aur Noon mein izhaar hoga. Taa – seen – meem mein edhghaam maalghunna hoga. 3.QALB KA QAIDA:- 1) Qalb ki tareef:- Noon ki aawaz ko meem (م) se badal kar padhne ko Qalb kahte hai. 2) Qaida :- Noon saakin ya taveen ke baad baa (ب) aye to noon ki aawaz ko Meem (م) se badal kar ghunne ke saath padheinge. Jaise (مِنْ بَۢعْدِ ) 4.IKHFA KA QAIDA:- 1) Ikhfa ki tareef:- Noon ki aawaz ko naak me chupa kar padhne ko Ikhfa kehte hai. 2) Ikhfa ke huroof:- Ikhfa ke 15 huroof hai. ت ث ج د ذ ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ف ق ك 3) Ikhfa ka Qaida:- Noon saakin yaa tanveen ke baad Ikhfa ke 15 huroof me se koi harf aye to noon ki aawaz ko naak me chupa kar ghunne ke saath padhenge jaise Antum (أَنْتُمْ) 5.MEEM SAAKIN KA BAYAAN MEEM SAAKIN KE 3 KHAIDE HAI:- 1) Edhghaam-e- shafavi 2) Ikhfa-e- shafavi 3) Izhaar-e- shafavi 1. Edhghaam-e- shafavi ka Qaida:- Meem saakin ke baad meem (م) aye to edhghaam-e-shafavi hoga jaise fahummin (فَھُمْ مِّنْ) 2. Ikhfa-e- shafavi ka Qaida:- Meem saakin ki baad baa(ب) aye to Ikhfa-e-shafavi hoga jaise rabiihin – bihim (رَبِّھِمْ بِھِمْ) 3. Izhaare shafavi ka Qaida:- Meem saakin ke baad Baa(ب), Meem(م), Alif(ا), ke siva baakhi 26 huroof me se koi harf aye to izhaar-e-shafavi hoga jaise: Alamtara(اَلَمْ تَرَ) Note :- Meem saakin ke baad Vaw (و) aur faa (ف) me se koi harf aye toh izhaar –e- taakidi hogi jaise. 6.MADH KA BAYAAN 1) Madh ki Taareef:- Aawaz ko kheech kar padhne ko madh kehte hai. 2) Madh ki doo khisme hai:- i. Madh-e-Asli ii. Madh-e-faraee. · Madh-e-Asli ki taareef:- Huroof-e-maddah ko madh-e-Asli kehte hai jo kisi sabab ka mohotaaj nahi hota, issko shart-e-madh bhi kehte hai. · Madh-e-faraee ki tareef:- Wo madh hai jo kisi sabab ka mohotaaj ho. Sabab-e-madh 2 hai:- 1) Hamzah 2) Sukoon · Sabab-e-madh hamzah ke eitebaar se madh-e-faraee ki doo khisme hai:- 1) Madh-e-muttasil. 2) Madh-e-munfasil. · Madh-e-muttasil ki taareef:- Wo madh hai jisme shart-e-madh ke baad sabab–e-madh hamzah usi kalime me aye jaise jaa…..a (جَآءَ), Al-Maaa-u (الْـمَآءُ), vagairah isko madh-e-waajib bhi kehte hai. · Madh-e-munfasil ki taareef:- Wo madh hai jisme shart-e-madh ke baad sabab-e-madh hamzah (ء), dosre kalime ke shuru me aye jaise. bimaa…unzila(بِـماۤ اُنْزِلَ), Ya-Aaadamu (یَٰاۤدَمَ) isko madh-e-jayaz bhi kahate hai. Note:- Madh-e-muttasil aur madh-e-munfasil ko doo alif (ا), ke baraabar kheench kar padhenge. Sabab-e-sukoon ke eitbaar se madh-e-faraee ki Doo khisme hai:- 1) Madh-e-Lazim 2) Madh-e-Aariz · Madh-e- Lazim ki tareef:- Wo madh hai jisme shart-e-madh ke baad ek hi kalime me sukun-e-Asali Jazam ya tashdeed ki surat me aye jaise Aa….al (آٰل), Aa……na (آٰلْـئٰـنَ) · Madh-e-Aariz ki taareef:- Wo madh hai jisme shart-e-madh ke baad aarzee sukoon, ho jaise Rabbil Aaalameen (رَبِّ الْـعٰـلَمِیـْنَ ), taa-lamuun (تَعْلَمُوْنْ). Madh-e-laazim ki 4 khisme hai:- 1) Madh-e-laazim kalmi mudhghami. 2) Madh-e-laazim kalmi ghairmudhghami. 3) Madh-e-laazim harfee mudhghami 4) Madh-e-laazim harfee ghairmudhghami. 1) Madh-e-laazim kalmi mudhghami ki taareef:- Agar kisi kalime me shart-e-madh ke baad sababe-e-madh sukoon-e-Asali tashdeed ki surat me aye to madh-e-lazim kalmi mudhghame hoga jaise Walad-dhaawleen (وَلَا الضَّآلِّیْنَ) 2) Madh-e-laazim kalmi ghair mudhghami ki taarif:- Agar kisi kalime me shart-e-madh ke baad sababe madh sukoon-e-Asli jazam ki surat me aye to madh-e-laazim kalmi ghair mudhghami hoga jaise Aa….al (آٰل), Aa……na (آٰلْـئٰـنَ). 3) Madh-e-laazim harfee mudhghami ki taareef:- Agar huroof-e-mukhataat me shart-e-madh ke baad sababe-madh Sukun-e-Asli tashdeed ki surat me aye to madh-e-laazim harfee mudhghami hoga jaise Alaif-Laam-Meem (الۤـمّۤ). 4) Madh-e-laazim harfee ghair mudhghami ki tareef:- Agar huroof-e-mukhataat me shart-e-madh ke baad sababe-e-madh sukoon-e-Asli Jazam ki surat me aye to madh-e-laazim harfee ghair mudhghami hoga jaise Noon (نٓ), khaaf (قٓ) vagairah. Note 1 :- Madh-e-laazim ko teen alif ke baraabar kheench kar padhna chahiye. Note 2 :- Madh-e-Aariz ko teen tarah se padhna jayez hai. 1) Tool:- Teen Alif ka hota hai. 2) Tavassut:- Do Alif ka hota hai. 3) Khasr:- Yek alif ka hota hai. Harf-e- leen doo hai:- 1) Vaw (و) saakin se pehle zabar jaise Auo (اَو). 2) Yaa (ی) saakin se pehle zabar ho jaise Aie (اَی). Ye huroof naram aawaaz se padhe jate hai isliye inko madh-e-leen kehte hai. Madh-e-leen ki do khisme hai:- 1) Madh-e-leen Laazim. 2) Madh-e-leen Aariz. 1) Madh-e-leen laazim ki tareef:- wo madh hai jisme harf-e-leen ke baad sukoon-e-Asali vakhe ho jaise kaaf, haa, yaa, aain, swad, (کۤـھٰـیٰـعۤـصۤ), Aain, seen, khaaf (عۤـسۤـقۤ). Quaraan-e-majeed me madh-e-leen laazim sirf doo jagah harf-e-Aain par aiya hai, isme tool, tavassut dono jayez hai. 2) Madh-e-leen Aariz ki tareef:- wo madh hai jisme harf-e-leen ke baad sukoon Aarzee, taur par aiya ho jaise kuraish (۔قُرِیْشْ), Assaif (الصَّیْـفِ) wagairah. 8.WAKHF KA BAYAAN Wakhf ki 4 badi khisme hai. 1) Wakhf-e-izteraari. 2) Wakhf-e- ikhtebaari. 3) Wakhf-e-intezaari. 4) Wakhf-e-ikhteyaari. 1) wakhf-e-izteraari ki taareef:- wo wakhf hai jisme khari saans phool jane ki vajahse majburan tahar jaye. 2) Wakhf-e-ikhtebaari ki tareef:- Wo vakhf hai jisme khaari kisi cheez ki khabar dene ke liye taher jaye wakhf-e-ikhtebaari ka koi mukhaam mukharrar nahi hai. 3) Wakhf-e-intezaari ki taareef:- Wo wakhf hai jisme khaari khirat ke ikhtelaafi woju ko jama karne ki niyaat se taha r jaye. 4) Wakh-e-ikhteyaari ki tareef:- Wo wakhf hai jisme khaari taazah saans lene ke liye teher jaye. Lafze aur mana ke itebaar se wakhf ki 4 khisme hai:- 1) Wakhf-e-taam 2) Wakhf-e-kaafi 3) Wakhf-e-hasan 4) Wakhf-e-khabih 1) wakhf-e-taam ki taareef:- ye wakhf aksar aysi aayat par hota hai jahaa baad ki aayat ka pehli aayat se lafz-e-aur Maanavi koi taaluk na ho aur ye wakhf aksar aayat par hi hota hai jaise wa ulaaika humulmuflihun (وَ اُؤْلٰئِكَ ھُمْ الْـمُفْلِحُوْنَ). 2) Wakhf-e-kaafi ki taareef:- Wo wakhf hai jahaa wakh ke baad ki aayat ka pehli aayat se laphze taalukh na ho balke maanavi taalukh ho jaise Al-hamdulillaahi Rabiil-aalameen. Arrahaman-nirrahim(الْـحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ رَبِّ العٰلَمِیْنَ ۝ ﻻ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِیْمِ ۝ ). 3) Wakhf-e-Hasan ki taareef:- wo wakhf hai jahaa wakhf karne se jumlah khatam ho jaata hai lekin lafz-e- aur maanavi taalukh baaki rehta hai jaise Al-hamdulilahi Rabiil-aalameen (الْـحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ رَبِّ العٰلَمِیْنَ ۝ ). 4) Wakhf-e- khabih ki taareeef:- Wo wakhf hai jahaa teher ne se kalaam bhi pura nahi hota aur matlab bhi wazay nahi hota jaise siraatal lazina (الصِّرٰطَ الذِّیْنَ). 8.HAAY-E- KINAYAA KA BAYAAN Haay-e- kinayaa ki taareef:- wahed muzakkar gaayeb ki zameer ko haaye kinayaa kehte hai. Silah ki taareef:- Harkat ko harf-e-madh ki tarah kheench kar padhne ko silah kehte hai. Haay ki naaya ki do surate hai:- 1) Haay zamir se pehle zabar ya pesh ho aur baad ka harf muttaharrik ho to silah-bil-waw hoga jaise maa-hu se ma-aa-huu (مَعَهُ ۔۔ مَعَهٗ) 2) Haay zameer se pehle Zayr ho to silah bil-yaa hoga jaise bi-hi se bihiii (بِهِ ۔ بِهٖ) Note 1 :- Ha-e- zamer se pehle ya baad ka harf saakin hoto silah na hoga إِلَیْهِ عَلَیْهِ فِیْهِ Note 2 :- Haay zameer se pehle yaa ( ي) ke siva koi dosra harf saakin aajaye to Haay zameer mazmooh hogi jaise مِنْهُ عَـنْهُ 9.EDHGHAAM KA BAYAAN Edhghaam ki taareef;- Saakin harf ko muttaharrik harf me daakhil kar ke ek hi makhraj se dono huroof ke adaa karne ka naam edhghaam hai. Edhghaam ki do khisme hai:- 1) Edhghaam-e-sagheer 2) Edhghaam-e-kabeer Edghaam-e-sagheer ki taareef:- Wo edhghaam hai jis ke dono hurfo me ka pehla harf saakin aur dosra muttaharrik hoto pehle ko dosre me dakhil kar ke padhna chaiye. Edghaam-e-sagheer ki 3 khisme hai:- 1) Edhghaam-e-mutamasilain 2) Edhghaam-e-mutajanisain 3) Edhghaam-e-mutakhaariain · Edhghaam-e- mutamasilain ki taareef. Ek jaise 2 huroof jo makhraj aur sifaat dono me ek ho yaane ek hi harf double hoto ek ko dusre me dakhil karke Padhenge. Jaise Rabihat-tijaratuhum (رَبِحَتْ تِّجَارَتُـھُمْ) Note 1 :- Agar in 2 huroof me ka pehla harf madh-e-asli ho to edhghaam nahi hoga jaise fii…..youmin (فِیْ یَوْمِنْ ) khaluu vahum (قَالُوْا وَھُمْ ), vagairah. Note 2:- Maaliyaah halaka (مَالِیَهْ ۝ ھَلَكَ) ki haa par sakta hai edhghaam nahi hoga. Edhghaame-e-mutajanisain ki taareef:- Aaise 2 huroof jo makhraj me ek ho lekin sifaat me alag-alag ho to pehle harf ka dosre harf me mukammal edhghaam hoga jaise Izzzalamu ) إِذْ ظَلَمُوْا), irr kab maana(إِرْ کَبْ مَّعَنَا ) Edhghaam-e-mutakharibain ki taareef:- Aise 2 huroof jo makharij wa sifaat me ghareeb- ghareeb ho to pehle ka dosre harf me mukkamal edhghaam hoga jaisa me mukkamal edhghaam hoga وَ قُلْ رَبِّ ۔ وَ قُلْ رَّبِّ Note 1:- Agar saakin harf mutbaqa ho to uski sifat zahir kee jayegi jaise Aahattu ( أَحَطْتُّ ), Basatta ( بَسَطْتَّ ), is ko idhghaame nakhis kehte hai. Note 2 :- Huroof-e-halakhi ke mutajanisain me edhghaam na hoga jaise fasfah-anhu ( فَاصْفَحْ عَنْهُ ) Note 3:- Issi tarah meem ka waw me edhghaam, na hoga عَلَیْھِمْ وَلَا Note 4 :- Lafz-e-balraana ( بَلْ رَانَ ) me sakta hai edhghaam na hoga. Edhghaame kabir ki taareef:- Wo edhghaam hai jiske do no harf muttaharrik ho pehle harf ko dosre harf me edhghaam kiya jayega jaise: Laa taa-manna ( مَنَّا لَا تَأْ ) ye asal me laa taa manu na ( مَنُ نَا لَا تَأْ ) tha 11. TILAWAT KI KAIFIAT Tilaawat-e-Quaraan-e-kareem ki 3 kaifiat hai:- 1) Tarteel 2) Hadar 3) Tadveer 1) Tarteel ki taareef:- Quaraan-e-kareem ko teher-teher kar jumlah khawaeday ke saat tilawat karne ko tarteel khete hai . 2) Hadar ki taareef:- Quaraan-e-kareem ko jumlah kahwayed ka khiyaal rakhte huye tayzi se padhne ko hadar kehte hai. 3) Tadveer ki taareef:- Tarteel aur hadar ki darmiyaani raftaar se tilawat karne ko tadveer kehte hai. 12.LAHAN KA BAYAN Lahan ki do khisme hai:- 1) lahan-e-jali 2) lahan-e-khafi Lahan-e-jali ki tareef:- Wo lahan hai jisme quarani Kalimaat me aaysi ghalati karna ke harf ya harkat badal jane se mane bhi badal jaye. Jaise:- alhaamdu (الْـحـَمْدُ) ke bajaye alhamdu (الہَمْد) padhna . lahan-e-jali se aadmi ghunahgaar hata hai aur namaaz bhi fasid hoti hai. Lahan-e-khafi ki tareef:- Ghunna, ikhfa na karne, madh ki ziyadati aur moota aur baarik ka lehaz na karna ,lahan-e-khafi khelata hai is se tilawat ki zeenat khatam ho jati hai. 13.HUOOF-E-QAMARI 14 HAI:- ب ج ح خ ع غ ف ق ك م و ہ ء ی Agar in huroof me phele alif, laam aae to laam (ال) padhna hai . Jaise:- الْحَمْدُ الْـجِبَالُ الْبَلَدُ وَ الْـقَمَرُ 14.HUROOF-E-SHAMSI 14 HAI:- ت ث د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ل ن Agar in huroof se phele alif, laam (ال) aae to laam nahi padha jayega. Jaise:- الذَّھَبُ بِالدِّیْنِ الثَّمَرَهُ وَالشَّمْسِ 15.HAMZAH-E – ASLI KI TAREEEF:- Wo hamzah jo shuru karne aur milane par dono surato me padha jata hai. Jaise:- (أَرْسَلَ ۔ وَ أَرْسَلَ) & (اِیَّاكَ ۔ وَاِیَّاكَ) 16.HAMZAH-E WASLI KI TAREEF:- Wa hamzah hai jo shuru karte waqt pahdha jata hai. Lekin milaane ki surat me nahi padha jata hai. Jaise (الْـحَمْدُ ۔ وَٱلْـحَمْدُ) 17.NOON-E-KHUTNI KI TAREEF:- Agar phele kalime ke aakhir me tanveen ho aur dosre kalime ke shuru me Hamzah-e-wasli ho to ,hamza-e-wasli gir jayega aur do saakin ki jama hone ki wajah se tanveen ke noon ko zayr laga ka padhenge Isko noom-e khutni khete hain. Jaise:- Noohu-nibnahoo (نُوْحٌ ابْنَهٗ ۔۔ نُوْحُ نِبْنَهٗ). 18.HAMZATAIN KA BAYAAN -Hamzatain ki tareef:- Ek jagah do hamzah (أ ء) Ke jama hone ko hamzatain khete hai. -Hazah ko 3 tarah se padha jata hai:- 1) Tasheel 2) Tahkheekh 3) Ibdaal Tasheel:- Hamzah ko narmi ke saath aada karne ko Tasheel khaye hai. Tahkheekh:- Hamzah ko uske puray sifaat ke saath adaa karne ko Tahkheekh khete hai. Ibdal:- Hamzah ko harf-e-madh se badal kar padhne ko Ibdal khete hai. 19. MUQTASAR HAALAAT IMAAM-E–JAZZRI (RH) Aap ka naam shamsuddin hai Aap ke walid ka naam Muhammed Bin Muhammed hai. Aap ki kuniyat Abul Khair hai. Aap ki tareekh-e-paidayish 25th Ramzaan 1350 esvi hai. Aap ki wafaat 5 Rabbiul Aawal 1429 hai. Aap 15 saal ki umar me Haafiz-e-Quran huwe. Aap 1 lakh Ahadees Sharifa ke Hafiz thay. Aap Hadees, Fikhah aur Khirat teeno me mahaarat rakhte thay. Aapki muqhtalif uloom me 45 kitaabe hai jinme se Al-Mukhaddamah-Al-Jazriyah bohut mashoor hain. 20. HAALAAT IMAAM-E-AASIM KUFI RAHMATULALAI (RH ). Aap ka naam Aasim hai Aap ke waalid ka naam Abdullah hai Aap ki paidayish 33 hijri me huwi Aap tabayee hai Aap Quaraan-e-Majid ko behtareen awaaz me tajweed ke saath tilaawat farmate thay. Aap hazrat Haaris-Bin Hassaan (RH) ke sohobat yaaftah thay. Aap ki wafaat shahre kufa me 127 Hijri me huwi. Aap ke do rawi hai .Pehle rawi ka naam Shouba (RH) hai aur dosre rawi ka naam Hafs (RH) hai aur hum inhi ki riwaayat se Quran ki tilawat karte hai. 21.HAALAAT IMAAM-E-SHOUBA (RH) Aap ka naam Shouba-Bin Eeyaash Kufi hai. Aap 95 Hijri me Kufa me paida huye. Aap Bilaawastah Hazrat Imaam-e-Aasim kufi (RH) se riwayat karte hai. Aap ki wafaat 193 Hijri me huwi. 22.HAALAAT IMAAM-E-HAFS (RH) Aap ka naam Hafs-Bin Sulaimaan hai. Aap 90 Hijri me kufa me paida huwe. Aap Imaam-e-Aasim koufi (RH) ki khirat ke sabse bade Aalim thee. Aap Imaam-e-Aazam Abu-Hanifa (RH) ke Humdars bhi thee. Tamaam duniya me aam taur par aap hi ke riwayat se Quran-e-Majid likha aur padha jata hai. Aap ki wafaat 180 Hijri me huwi. _________________________________________________________ SIFAAT-E-ASDADIYA 5 HAI : YEH PANCH KI ZIDH MEY PAANCH JUMLA – JUMLA DAS (10) SIFAT HAI. HURUF-E-MAHMOOSA: 10 HAI JINKA MAJMUA فَحَـثَّـهُ شَخْصٌ سَکَـتْ BAAQI 19 HUROOF MAJHURA HAI. HURUF-E-SHADIDA: 8 HAI JINKA MAJMUA اَجِدْ قَطٍّ بَکَتْ MUTAWASSITA 5 HAI BAAQI 16 HUROOF RIQWA HAI. HURUF-E-MUSTALIA: 7 HAI : خ ص ض غ ط ق ظ JISKA MAJMUA (خُصَّ ضَغْطٍ قِظْ) BAAQI KE 22 HUROOF MUSTAFILA HAI HURUF-E-MUBTAQA : 4 HAI : ص ض ط ظ BAAQI KE 25 HUROOF MUNFATIHA HAI HURUF-E-MUZLAQA: 6 HAI : ف ر م ن ل ب JISKA MAJMUA (فَرَّ مِنْ لُبْ ) BAAQI KE 25 HUROOF MUSMATA HAI SIFAAT-E-GHAIR-ASDADIYA 7 HAI : HURUF-E-SAFIRA : 3 HAI : ص ز س HURUF-E-LAYYINAH : 2 HAI : و ی HURUF-E-QALQALA : 5 HAI : ق ط ب ج د (قُطْبُ جَدٍّ) HURUF-E-MUNHARIFA : 2 HAI : ل ، ر HURUF-E-MUKARRARA : 1 HAI : ر HURUF-E-TAFASSHA : 1 HAI : ش HURUF-E-ISTETALAT: 1 HAI : ض

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