The natural-occurring terpenes and terpenoids obey the isoprene rule. These compounds are derivable isoprene laid end-to-end.

Terpenes are a large class of organic hydrocarbons produced by medical marijuana plants, and are referred to as terpenoids when denatured by oxidation

Introduction to Trichomes, Terpenes, and Terpenoids Every human body is built with an Endocannabinoid System (ECS), which manages our biological functions such as fertility, pain, appetite, mood, and memory. The ECS functions as a lock and key system, and when cannabinoids (the keys) are ingested, they interact with cannabinoid receptors (or locks) that naturally occur ... Keep reading..

Terpenoid

Cannabinoids flavonoids, & terpenoids released at these temperatures for vaping.

Chamomile tea aids eye irritation through its anti-inflammatory properties, which reduce swelling and redness. This herbal tea contains antioxidants like terpenoids and flavonoids that help soothe irritated eyes. The cooling effect of chamomile tea bags, when applied topically, offers immediate relief to strained or itchy eyes. Furthermore, chamomile's antimicrobial qualities can combat infection-induced eye irritation. Lastly, regular consumption of chamomile tea promotes overall eye ...

Agarwood oil contains antioxidants like phenolic acids and helpful plant nutrients like mangiferin, terpenoids, and curcurbitacins.1 This is probably why in ayurvedic and Chinese medicine, agarwood is prized. Also known as oud oil and aloeswood oil, agarwood oil is truly unique. It’s made from the heartwood of an agarwood tree, which can be found around India and Southeast Asia. #lcadeau #lcadeauthegift #oud #agarwood #agarwoodoil

Vitex agnus-castus tinctures have been gaining attention for their potential benefits in managing endometriosis symptoms. This herb, also known as chasteberry, contains a compound called ursolic acid, which may help regulate hormone imbalances that often contribute to endometriosis. Vitex agnus-castus also contains flavonoids and terpenoids, which have anti-inflammatory properties that may help reduce inflammation and pain associated with endometriosis. If you're considering trying Vi...

 BANANA Bananas are a good source of several vitamins and minerals, especially potassium, vitamin B6, and vitamin C • Vitamin B6. • Fiber. • Potassium. • Magnesium. • Vitamin C. • Manganese.  AMPALAYA Bitter gourd contains bioactive compounds called saponins and terpenoids. These compounds are responsible for the vegetable's bitter taste, but may also play a role in lowering blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. • Vitamin A. • Vitamin C. • Calcium. • Iron. • Thiamine

Ginkgo biloba tea aids in decreasing symptoms of Alzheimer's disease due to its rich antioxidant properties, which protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. The tea contains flavonoids and terpenoids that enhance cerebral circulation, thus improving memory and cognitive functions. Furthermore, it inhibits platelet activating factor, reducing blood viscosity and promoting better blood flow in the brain. Ginkgo biloba tea also alleviates anxiety and stress, common in Alzheimer's...

Achillea millefolium, also known as yarrow, teas helps with nausea because of its anti-inflammatory and carminative properties. The plant's flavonoids and terpenoids have been shown to reduce inflammation and relax the digestive tract, which can help alleviate nausea and vomiting. Additionally, the tea's volatile oils have a soothing effect on the stomach and intestines, promoting better digestion and reducing the symptoms of nausea. This natural remedy has been used for centuries to c...

In materials science, “green” synthesis has gained extensive attention as a reliable, sustainable, and eco-friendly protocol for synthesizing a wide range of materials/nanomaterials including metal/metal oxides nanomaterials, hybrid materials, and bioinspired materials. As such, green synthesis is regarded as an important tool to reduce the destructive effects associated with the traditional methods of synthesis for nanoparticles commonly utilized in laboratory and industry. In this review, we summarized the fundamental processes and mechanisms of “green” synthesis approaches, especially for metal and metal oxide [e.g., gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper oxide (CuO), and zinc oxide (ZnO)] nanoparticles using natural extracts. Importantly, we explored the role of biological components, essential phytochemicals (e.g., flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, amides, and aldehydes) as reducing agents and solvent systems. The stability/toxicity of nanoparticles and the associated surface engineering techniques for achieving biocompatibility are also discussed. Finally, we covered applications of such synthesized products to environmental remediation in terms of antimicrobial activity, catalytic activity, removal of pollutants dyes, and heavy metal ion sensing.

Based on data from The Global Burden of Disease Study in 2016, dental and oral health problems, especially dental caries, are a disease experienced by almost half of the world’s population (3.58 billion people). One of the main causes of dental caries is the pathogenesis of Streptococcus mutans. Prevention can be achieved by controlling S. mutans using an antibacterial agent. The most commonly used antibacterial for the treatment of dental caries is chlorhexidine. However, long-term use of chlorhexidine has been reported to cause resistance and some side effects. Therefore, the discovery of a natural antibacterial agent is an urgent need. A natural antibacterial agent that can be used are herbal medicines derived from medicinal plants. Piper crocatum Ruiz and Pav has the potential to be used as a natural antibacterial agent for treating dental and oral health problems. Several studies reported that the leaves of P. crocatum Ruiz and Pav contain secondary metabolites such as essential oils, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds that are active against S. mutans. This review summarizes some information about P. crocatum Ruiz and Pav, various isolation methods, bioactivity, S. mutans bacteria that cause dental caries, biofilm formation mechanism, antibacterial properties, and the antibacterial mechanism of secondary metabolites in P. crocatum Ruiz and Pav.

Hyssop - Hyssopus officinalis A member of the Mint Family. Hyssop flowers between August and October. It can usually be found in dry rocky habitats and calcareous scree. Found in the Mediterranean region, and has been introduced further North (including the British Isles), has naturalised in some parts of Central Europe. Active Constituents The active components are bitters, tannins, essential oils, saponins, organic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, mucilage, resin and vitamin C. Actions To induce heavy sweating in fevers, hypertensive to increase blood pressure, expectorant, emmenagogue, mild analgesic, diuretic, mild antispasmodic, diaphoretic, stimulant, pectoral, carminative and when used externally an antiseptic. Antiviral action against herpes simplex virus reported. Uses As blood cleanser, tonic and diuretic, and to treat cystitis, gastritis and kidney stones. The leaves are said to reduce inflammation. Bronchitis, colds, chills, catarrh, sore throat. Has been used in hysteria, anxiety states and petil mal BHP (1983). Respiratory disorders of nervous background in children. Externally can be used for eczema and bruises. A Suitable Winter Remedy For loss of appetite, diarrohea, coughs and as expectorant. Add 250ml boiling water to 1-2 teaspoonsful of Hyssop. Leave to stand for 5 minutes. Take 3 cups a day. Potential "Admixtures" Hyssop can be combined with Betony (equal parts) in a tea for people with a tendency to epileptic episodes. The essential oil, 1-2 drops, with honey or water to create a digestive to be taken after meals. 5-6 drops with 2 teaspoons Almond oil to create a chest rub for congested bronchi. References: "Herbs and Healing Plants of Britain & Europe", Dieter Podlech "Bartram's Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine", Thomas Bartram http://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/h/hyssop48.html

Polska wersja          PLANT PROFILE    Malabar Spinach is a tropical climbing vine probably native to India's Malabar Coast or Indonesia. It appears in two forms, green one, called in latin Basella alba (alba means white and refer to its white flowers) and Basella rubra (rubra means red) with highly ornamental bordo-red stems and veins of leaves. But lack of other differences in its outlook is bringing those names to be interchanged in use for both varieties together. It is quite popular vegetable in many tropical countries of Asia, Africa and South America. But its scientificaly proven medicinal values are mostly unknown and used mainly in traditional medicine.    It is also called Ceylon Spinach, Indian Spinach, Climbing Spinach, Vine Spinach, Buffalo Spinach, Saan Choy / Shan Tsoi or Lo Kwai / Luo Kai in China, Alugbati / Alogbati in Philippines, Mong Toi in Vietnam, Tsuru Murasa Kai in Japan, Vel Nivithi or Sudu in Sri Lanka, Paag Prang in Thailand, Gambian Spinach or Amunututu or Seje Soro in Nigeria, Jingga or Gendolak in Indonesia, Remayong in Malaysia, Bertalha in Portugal, in India it is called Poi (Hindi), Bacchali / Bachnali (Telugu), Basale (Tulu), Basale Soppu (Kannada), Basalakkirai or Kodip Pasali (Tamil), Mayalu (Marathi), Poi Ni Bhaji (Gujarati), Poi Saaga (Orija), Pui Shak (Bengali), Vashala Cheera ( Malayalam)         CULTIVATION AND HARVESTING    Basella alba / rubra is perennial vine that likes tropical conditions, but is also cultivated as an annual crop in temperate regions. It can climb up or spread horizontally up to 10m and is fairly fast growing as long as temperatures are high. Even though it is climbing/crawling in nature, Basellas young stems are not to flexible and can become quite hard, so it can be shaped into a small bush. It is heat loving plant that can be hurt by temperatures lower than 5'C, and instantly killed with less than 0'C. Its succulent flesh helps it to easily survive severe and long drought with its water storage. It also tolerates heavy rains and high humidity. It likes full sun, but when planted in partial shade its growth is faster and leaves are more juicy. Malabar Spinach grows best in fertile, acidic soils but tolerates even poor, sandy soils. It tiny flowers appear usually in dry seasons followed by black berries. It can be easily propagated from cuttings and seeds, which for faster germination it is advised to be scarificated (scratch its hard shell with pile or sand paper) or soaked in water for 24h before planting. Since there is no difference in growth or taste between red and green variety, I advice you to put some colours in your veggie patch by planting red one. Basella rubra looks so pretty (older leaves can be whole red, stems are always), that it is worth to be planted for pure ornamental purpose also. Leaves and young shoots can be gathered at any time after plant gain some strength and size.          CULINARY USES     Malabar Spinach leaves and young stems are very juicy, crunch and mucilaginous. It can be eaten raw in sandwiches and salads but it's usually steamed, stir-fried or cooked. It can be used in soups and stews as a thickener. Red juice from its fruits is sometimes used as coloring for foods, in China it is sold powderised under name 'Gintjoo' (also used as a dye and ink).         COSMETIC USES    Black fruits of Basella alba and rubra are crushed and used for its pigment as a rouge for cheeks and lips.       MEDICINAL USES    Basella alba / rubra have long tradition of use for its nutritious and medicinal values, but even in South-east Asia it seems to be out off mainstream herbalism. Even though there have been many scientifical studies that confirmed its healing actions, its traditional medical applications (Ayurveda and Siddha) are mainly forgotten. In South-east Asia it has been consumed for centuries as a treatment for malaria, melanoma, leukemia and oral cancers, catarrh, mouth ulcers, dysentery, stomach pains, anemia, anorexia, haemoptisis, strangury, sexual weakness, irregular periods, to increase milk production in breastfeeding mothers, and applied topicaly in form of smashed leaves on bruises, wounds, burns, skin inflammations, urticaria, sores, scalds, fungal infections, boils, acne, freckles, pruritic skin lesions, snakebites and on forehead for headaches.    In China it is claimed to reduce fever and neutralize poison. In Nigeria it is used to enhance fertility in women and for hypertension. Juice from fruits is used as eye drops for conjunctivitis. In Kenya leaves are used to treat stomachache and constipation after childbirth. In Cameroon it is taken for malaria. In the Philippines it is used gonorrhea and balanitis.    Malabar Spinach is rich in mucilage and contain betalains, saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, sterols, amino-acids, carotenoids, vitamins A, B1, B2, B9, K, E and C, niacin, iron, potassium, manganese, copper, magnesium, zinc and calcium. It acts as emollient, demulcent, cooling, diuretic, tonic, mild laxative, antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, antiulcer, rubifacient, androgenic potential, cytotoxic, anticonvulsant, febrifuge, nephroprotective, haemostatic, lactogenic, sedative. Fresh juice is prescribed to ease constipation in children and pregnant women. Basella alba is used in testosterone-boosting supplements, tests on rats proved increase in production of testosterone, estradiol i aromatase mRNA. It is commonly used mixed with Hibiscus macaranthus to increase women fertility. In Ayurvedic system of medicine it is said to aggravate kapha, allievates vata and pita.        Sources '' Useful Plants of the Philippines '' Volume 3 - William H. Brown, Acorn Press 1950 '' Indian Medicinal Plants '' tom 1 - P. K. Warrier, V. P. K. Nambiar, Orient Blackswan 1994 '' 75 Exciting Vegetables for Your Garden '' - Jack Staub, Gibbs Smith 2009 '' Handbook of Vegetable Science and Technology '' - D. K. Salunkhe, S. S. Kadam, CRC Press 1998 '' Vegetables '' - G. J. H. Grubben, PROTA 2004 '' Oriental Vegetables : The Complete Guide for Gardening Cook '' - Joy Larkom, Kodansha America 2008 '' CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonus Plants '' - Umberto Quattrocchi, CRC Press 2012 '' Encyclopaedia of Indian Medicine '' - Saligrama Krishna Ramachandra Rao, Popular Prakashan 1985 '' Underutilized and Underexploited Horticultural Crops '' - K. V. Peter, New India Publishing 2007 '' Vegetable Crops '' - T. R. Gopalakrishnan, New India Publishing 2007 '' African Indigenous Vegetables in Urban Agriculture '' - Charlie M. Shackleton, Margaret W. Pasquini, Alex W. Drescher, Routledge 2009 '' Book of Calories and Phytosterols in Foods '' - Mary Curtis, Lulu.com 2013 http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1379753858_Kumar%20et%20al.pdf http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874110002680 http://www.sphinxsai.com/2012/july_sept12/Pharm/pdfpharm/PT=02(900-913)JS%2012.pdf http://www.globinmed.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=79070:basella-alba-l http://www.stuartxchange.com/Alugbati.html http://cagayandeoro.da.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/ALUGBATI.pdf http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-642-73617-9_3#page-1 http://www.gardening.cornell.edu/homegardening/scene9529.html http://www.survivalfoodplants.com/malabar-indian-spinach-basella-alba/ http://www.ergo-log.com/basellaalba.html http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21339992 http://examine.com/supplements/Basella+alba/