According to the DSM-IV, Narcissism is characterized by these nine criteria: a grandiose sense of self-importance, is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, beauty, etc., believes s/he is 'special' and can only be understood by, or associate with like-minded people, requires excessive admiration, feels entitled to, and expects, special treatment, is manipulative and exploitative, lacks empathy, is envious of others and/or believes others are envious of them, displays arrogant or haughty behavior. To be diagnosed with narcissism, at least five of these specific traits must be expressed.