Art Nouveau stained glass window www.youtube.com/watch?v=g0XotjqSAjA Born in 1865, Miksa Róth was 19 years old when he took over his father Zsigmond’s workshop. The craft of glass painting was still in its infancy. In 1855 English glass workers succeeded in creating an "antique glass" effect. This coloured glass was suitable for the repair and restoration of the windows of medieval churches, as well as for decorating the new romantic, and the historically eclectic designs. By 1880, workshops were sprouting up in the capital, the most significant of which belonged to Miksa Róth, who at the turn of the century was providing work for 10 trainees, working on both public and private building commissions. Miksa Róth’s first significant work was in 1886 in Máriafalva (Mariasdorf, Austria) where Imre Steindl was leading the reconstruction of the Roman Catholic church. Earlier Róth had studied the stained glass windows of Gothic cathedrals on a tour of Europe. During the reconstruction of many other national monuments, Róth designed Gothic stained glass windows at Keszthely for the reconstruction of the Roman Catholic church led by Samu Pecz (architect of the main market hall in Budapest) in 1896. In Budapest, you can see examples of his beautiful work in the Gresham Palace (now the newly opened Four Seasons hotel), the Agricultural Museum, the Music Academy and the Andrássy Dining Room amongst many others. The plans for the stained glass windows of the Parliament building were prepared in 1890. Róth took into account both the staircase’s light source and the building’s interior decoration, and decided to use the Grotesque style originating from the Renaissance period. Reflecting the multi-coloured nature of Hungarian architecture at the turn of the century, Róth created windows in many styles: Historic, Hungarian Secession, Art Nouveau, Jugendstil and Viennese Secession. Róth’s craft was given a new inspiration when he saw the "opalescent" and "favril" glass made by Louis Comfort Tiffany, whose display at the 1893 Chicago World Trade Fair, entitled Four Seasons featured shimmering, iridescent colours and an immediately popular natural marbling effect of the glass. Róth was also influenced by the work of the English pre-Raphaelite artists, in particular Edward Burne-Jones and William Morris. In 1897, Miksa Róth bought a collection of opalescent glass from the Hamburg glass painter Karl Engelbrecht, and began to regularly order glass from his factory. At the 1898 Budapest Museum of Applied Arts’ Christmas Exhibition Róth displayed glass windows prepared using a type of Tiffany glass, seen for the first time in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. Róth won the silver medal at the Paris World Exhibition in 1900 with the Pax and Rising Sun mosaics made with opalescent glass. The Róth workshop then made a large number of stained glass windows with floral designs, whose success could be attributed to the nostalgia felt by people living then in large cities for the lost world of nature. In Budapest the stairwells and lifts were brightened up with luxuriant gardens in place of the drab partition walls and dark corridors. Middle class citizens even decorated their parlours with the symbolic motives of flowers: Irises, lilies, sunflowers, poppies and roses, birds such as peacocks and swans, and fauns, nymphs, fairies and female figures frolicking in gardens, arbours and riverbanks to recall the lost period of the Golden Age. One of Róth’s most significant creations using opalescent glass was for cupola of the Teatro Nacional in Mexico City, which he carried out according to designs by Géza Maróti.With this work he showed details of geometric design of the Jugenstil and Viennese Secession which he also used in windows for Bank Building (1905 Ignác Alpár), the Gresham Palace (1907 Zsigmond Quittner and József Vágó) and the Music Academy (1907 Flóris Korb and Kálmán Giergl) . Róth worked with many of the best architects, builders and designers of the time. For Ödön Lechner's magnificent Post Office Savings Bank building, Róth created an unusual mosaic, embedded into cement. In 1910, Róth created the gorgeous windows of the Culture Palace in Marosvásárhely (Targu Mures in Romania). In the Hall of Mirrors, scenes from traditional Székely fairy tales, ballads and legends are featured in the 12 stained glass windows which fill the entire length of the long hall. It is worth a visit to Marosvásárhely alone to stand among these magical and colourful designs. Róth worked for a long time in conjunction with two artists from the Gödöllô artists’ settlement, Sándor Nagy and Aladár Kriesch Körösfôi. Together they created the Hungarian Secession style windows for the National Salon and the windows and mosaics for the Hungarian House in Venice. For the Marosvásárhely Culture House triptych, also based on Nagy’s designs, Róth used a special medieval technique, employing thick leading and strong lines. From the 1920s Róth mainly received commissions from the Church and State. He died in 1944 after a lifetime of bringing joy and colour to the world with his beautiful creations. ____ Róth Miksa (1865. december 26. Pest - 1944. június 14. Budapest) a magyar üvegfestészet és mozaik művészet egyik legjelentősebb alkotója volt. A pesti Eötvös Reálgimnáziumban tanult s az apja műhelyében sajátította el a mesterség alapjait. Később Német-, Francia- és Olaszországban tanulmányozta a kora-középkori üvegfestészet technikáját és képszerkesztési módszerét. A XIII. századi üvegfestészet egész életét meghatározó befolyással volt művészeti tevékenységére. Emlékirataiban a német Sigismund Frankot valamint az angol preraffaelitákat, Burne Jones-t, William Morrist nevezi meg művészeti példaképeinek. Első sikereit historizáló stílusú képeivel érte el: az 1896-os Ezredévi Kiállítás és az Országház üvegfestményei hozták meg számára az országos elismertséget. 1897-től az Osztrák-Magyar Monarchiában elsőként használta fel a Tiffany-üveget szecessziós stílusú alkotásaihoz. Számos hazai és nemzetközi elismerést szerzett: elsőként ő kapta meg az Iparművészeti Állami Aranyérmet, az 1900-as párizsi világkiállításon ezüstéremmel, az 1902-es torinói és az 1904-es St. Louisin pedig arannyal díjazták munkáit. Alkotásai megtalálhatóak az oslói Fegeborg templomtól a mexikói Theatro Nationalig - ahová Maróti Gézával készítettek 1500 négyzetláb nagyságú üvegkupolát és mozaik képeket. 1939-ben, a második zsidó törvény meghozatala után szüntette meg a Nefelejcs utcai házában működő "üvegfestészeti műintézet" tevékenyégét. 1944-ben halt meg. www.rakovszky.net/D1_DisplRemImg/Rako_DRI_ShowARemoteImag... disappearingbudapest.blogspot.hu/2011/03/miksa-roth-geniu... csomalin.csoma.elte.hu/~toti/uvegek/roth.htm nol.hu/kult/20130404-roth_miksa_demotivalasa hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3th_Miksa
