GI Pathology: Abdominal PainOverview: • GI System Pathologies: - Gallstone disease, which arises in the gallbladder and biliary system. - Appendicitis, which is inflammation of the vermiform appendix. - Esophagitis, which is inflammation of the esophagus. - Gastritis/ulcer disease of the stomach. - Pancreatitis, which is inflammation of the pancreas. - Several intestinal disorders: inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, ischemia, obstruction, and functional bowel disease. • Pathologies arising in the renal and gynecological systems can also cause abdominal pain. • For infectious illnesses regarding the GI tract, please see: Gastroenteritis, E. coli gastroenteritisDetails We'll start with those that arise in the gastrointestinal tract. • Esophagitis can cause upper abdominal pain; inflammation of the esophagus is most often caused by acid reflux, medications, and eosinophilic esophagitis. Treatments include proton pump inhibitors to reduce acid production by the stomach. • Gastritis and stomach ulcers are caused by H. pylori infection, drugs, stress, and, in the case of gastritis, autoimmune dysfunction. - Inflammation can travel up and down the esophagus to and from the stomach. - Treatments include proton pump inhibitors, antacids, H2 blockers, and prostaglandins. • GI strictures and obstruction are caused by hernias, adhesions, volvulus, tumors, inflammatory narrowing, foreign bodies, and fecal impaction. - In our diagram, we show scar tissue adhesions that formed after abdominal surgery; adhesions bind and restrict the intestinal tract, which obscures movement of materials. • Diverticulitis occurs when there is inflammation (often with bacterial infection) in diverticula. – We show diverticula, pouch-like outcroppings of the intestinal wall, and infection in one of them. • Intestinal ischemia can be the result of systemic hypotension, atherosclerosis, blood clots, and constricting fibrosis or strictures that inhibit blood flow; ischemia is more common in the intestines than in the stomach or esophagus. - Surgery and/or medications to restore blood flow are prescribed. • Inflammatory bowel disease comprises the chronic/remitting autoimmune disorders Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. - Patients often experience diarrhea in addition to abdominal cramping and other symptoms. In ulcerative colitis, the diarrhea is frequently bloody, as show in our diagram. - Anti-inflammatories and immune suppressors are often prescribed. • Functional bowel disorders (FBDs) are characterized by disordered brain-gut interactions. The most common FBD is Irritable bowel syndrome, and patients experience constipation and diarrhea with abdominal pain. - Etiologies are uncertain, but are thought to include infection and/or psychosocial causes. Pathologies that arise in the accessory digestive organs and non-digestive organs. We'll focus on locations of pain to help us in diagnosis. Abdominal quadrants • Pancreatitis is the result of bile duct stones, alcohol abuse, and/or cigarette smoking. - Early/acute pancreatitis is characterized by elevated serum amylase and lipase levels. - Late/chronic pancreatitis can result in loss of endocrine and exocrine functions (i.e., patients have diabetes mellitus, etc.). - Pancreatitis causes epigastric pain that radiates towards the back. • Gallstone disease causes pain in the right upper abdominal quadrant; we can remember this, because the gallstones get stuck in the biliary system, which is towards the right side of the abdomen. • Appendicitis often presents early on with pain in the peri-navel area that later moves to the right lower abdominal quadrant (where we find the appendix). • Kidney stones cause "flank" pain – pain in the side of the torso; pain can travel to the groin area, too. • Gynecological causes include: ruptured ovarian cysts, pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and endometriosis – essentially, anything that causes inflammation and swelling of the uterus or ovaries can cause lower abdominal and back pain.
Manage GERD symptoms and avoid complications with expert advice from a GI specialist on diet, lifestyle adjustments, and essential treatment options.
The human gastrointestinal tract harbors most of the microbial cells inhabiting the body, collectively known as the microbiota. These microbes have several implications for the maintenance of structural integrity of the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier, immunomodulation, metabolism of nutrients, and protection against pathogens. Dysfunctions in these mechanisms are linked to a range of conditions in the gastrointestinal tract, including functional gastrointestinal disorders, ranging from irritable bowel syndrome, to functional constipation and functional diarrhea. Irritable bowel syndrome is characterized by chronic abdominal pain with changes in bowel habit in the absence of morphological changes. Despite the high prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in the global population, the mechanisms responsible for this condition are poorly understood. Although alterations in the gastrointestinal microbiota, low-grade inflammation and immune activation have been implicated in the pathophysiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders, there is inconsistency between studies and a lack of consensus on what the exact role of the microbiota is, and how changes to it relate to these conditions. The complex interplay between host factors, such as microbial dysbiosis, immune activation, impaired epithelial barrier function and motility, and environmental factors, including diet, will be considered in this narrative review of the pathophysiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders.
33 pages of nursing school notes on all kinds of GI (gastrointestinal) disorders, including GERD, diverticulum, gastritis, PUD, peritonitis, appendicitis, diverticulosis, diverticulitis, intestinal obstructions, IBS, IBD, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis. Notes include pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment, and nursing care!
Achalasia Achalasia is a rare disorder, with a prevalence of 10 in 100,000. It affects the esophagus and makes it difficult to swallow food or beverages.
In pregnancy Stomach pain or cramps during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy are common and nothing to worry about .It is usually.. %
What is EDS? The Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) is the name given to a group of non-inflammatory hereditary conditions, which are all disorders of the connective tissue. Connective tissue is a supporting structure in our body and is made up of a number of proteins including collagen, which is the protein most often thought to be […]
Acute Abdominal Pain - Etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, signs, diagnosis & prognosis from the Merck Manuals - Medical Professional Version.
Complete Guide to Celiac Disease Treatment Naturally. Learn how Ayurvedic treatment can help cure gluten intolerance with medicine, diet & yoga.
Ayurvedic Treatment for SIBO involves herbal antimicrobials, Ayurvedic medicines, diet and yoga to restore balance of healthy gut bacteria.
33 pages of nursing school notes on all kinds of GI (gastrointestinal) disorders, including GERD, diverticulum, gastritis, PUD, peritonitis, appendicitis, diverticulosis, diverticulitis, intestinal obstructions, IBS, IBD, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis. Notes include pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment, and nursing care!
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Discover Relief with CBD for IBS: Unveiling Benefits and Symptom Management at CBD Armour.
Dysbiosis details a condition in which a microbiome’s balance of good-to-bad bacteria is off. A low-sugar, low-FODMAP diet may be the answer to heal the gut.
This page contains the complete Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease nursing lecture e.g. (definition, intervention & more) and nursing care plan.
IBS causes digestive issues and serious stress and anxiety. This article looks at the scientifically-proven diet and lifestyle changes for IBS treatment.
Food is a natural heartburn remedy! Beat acid reflux, heartburn, and GERD with a balanced acid reflux diet.
Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's disease are two types of Irritable Bowel Disease- but what's the difference between them?
Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's disease are two types of Irritable Bowel Disease- but what's the difference between them?
Diseases or conditions that occur within the gastrointestinal tract are referred to as gastrointestinal disorders. Many of the gastrointestinal disorders show similar symptoms, so it’s important to recognize them accurately to get the right treatment.
Gastritis, characterized by inflammation of the stomach lining, can be effectively treated and gastritis cured through a combination of lifestyle adjustments and medical interventions. These may include dietary changes, such as avoiding spicy or acidic foods, along with medications to reduce stomach acid and alleviate symptoms. In cases of bacterial infection, antibiotics may be prescribed to eradicate the underlying cause. Stress management techniques and adopting a healthy lifestyle can also contribute to the gastritis cured. It's important to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized treatment recommendations.
Achalasia Achalasia is a rare disorder, with a prevalence of 10 in 100,000. It affects the esophagus and makes it difficult to swallow food or beverages.
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Fructose malabsorption is a digestive disorder in which the body is unable to properly absorb fructose, a type of sugar found in many fruits and other foods. When a person with fructose malabsorption consumes fructose, it can lead to a range of uncomfortable symptoms, including bloating, gas, and diarrhea. This condition can be challenging to diagnose, as its symptoms often overlap with other gastrointestinal disorders. However, with the right knowledge and tools, individuals can manage their symptoms and improve their overall quality of life.
Dealing with bloating, gas, SIBO, digestive disorders, or other gastrointestinal diseases. Our doctors specialize in improving gut health.
Short bowel syndrome occurs when the small intestine ceases to function properly due to trauma, disease activity, or when too much of it has been removed.
Joshua J. Redd, NMD, MS, MAPHB successfully treats Hashimoto’s, autoimmune, and brain-related conditions using science-backed functional medicine strategies.
Gastrointestinal motor disorders affect a large proportion of the population worldwide. In this Consensus Statement, the authors describe recommended tests for the investigation of gastric, small bowel and colonic motility, with an emphasis on how best to classify gastrointestinal motor disorders to guide treatment decisions.
If you're preparing for the emergency medicine board exam and are in need of test prep materials, look no further than Rosh Review to help. Start now!
Irritable bowel syndrome can cause symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhea/constipation, etc. Here are more symptoms and complications.
Their names may seem similar, but these chronic gastrointestinal diseases couldn’t be more different. Fortunately, we caught up with Vanessa Mendez, MD,...
Digestive disorders and eating disorders are closely intertwined & prevalent in the Eating Disorder population.
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Pancreatitis is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas gland, and it can start suddenly and stay for many days or years, it’s difficult to find in early stages. Signs and symptoms of pancreatitis depends on its type and cause, men are at high risk compared to women. Treatment usually require short-term or long-term hospitalization to initiate the aggressive treatment. We Pace Hospitals, Hyderabad is the best hospital for pancreatitis treatment situated near to Hitech city metro station.
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome can be diagnosed by the gastrin level.
Chronobiology is one of the most studied topics in modern medicine. It is no surprise that research is finding new links between the body's internal clock and health almost every day. However, even medical scientists and physicians may be surprised by the latest findings that link circadian rhythms and common gastrointestinal diseases.
